Vitruvius
,
De architectura libri decem
,
1567
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LIBER
"/>
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<
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Turrium, murumq́; </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3042
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">fundamenta ſie ſunt facienda, uti fodiantur (ſi queat inueniri) ad ſoli
<
lb
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dum, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3043
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">in ſolido, (quantum ex amplitudine operis pro ratione uideatur) craſsitudine ampliore quàm
<
lb
/>
patrietum, qui ſupra terram ſunt futuri, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3044
"
xml:space
="
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">ea impleantur quamſolidiſsima ſtructura.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3045
"
xml:space
="
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"/>
</
p
>
<
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style
="
it
">
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3046
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Quemadmodum certailla, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3047
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">præſcripta fundandi norma ſemper est
<
unsure
/>
obſeruanda, ut fundamenta ſemper
<
lb
/>
ad ſolidum, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3048
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">in ſolido fodiantur, ita ea cura non eſt prætermittenda, ut ſciamus an plano, an excelſo, an
<
lb
/>
decliui loco fundandum ſit, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3049
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">quantum areæ cir cumſcribere oporteat, nam alia, ai que alia ratione fundatio
<
lb
/>
nis utemur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3050
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Item dignitas amplam ciuitatem requirit, ſecuritas uerò etiam amplam, nam a paucis ofſideri
<
lb
/>
ampla ciuitas minime poteſt, parua minoribus præſidijs eſt tuta, dolis tamen & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3051
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">traditionibus obnoxia, cum
<
lb
/>
facilius capta retineatur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3052
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Cæterum multitudinis populiq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3053
"
xml:space
="
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">ratio habenda eſt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3054
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Circumſcribitur autem lineis,
<
lb
/>
angulisq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3055
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Murilinearum ſimilitudinem habent: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3056
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Turres, Propugnacula, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3057
"
xml:space
="
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">portæ, angulorum: </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3058
"
xml:space
="
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">De ſingu-
<
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/>
<
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position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.062-01
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xlink:href
="
note-514.01.062-01a
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xml:space
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">10</
note
>
lis præceptatradũ Murilinearum ſimilitudinem habent: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3059
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Turres, proportet, quæ a Mathematicis introductionis modo præci-
<
lb
/>
piutur; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3060
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">lieam eſſe extenſionem quandam: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3061
"
xml:space
="
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">angulos eſſe ſoli comprehenſionem inter duas lineas ſe ſe contin-
<
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/>
gentes: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3062
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">inde quattuor efficientur anguli duarum linearum interſectione, &</
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3063
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ſi altera alteri directe & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3064
"
xml:space
="
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">ad perpen
<
lb
/>
diculum incumbat, quattuor angulirecti efficientur, ſi tranſuerſe, duo, qui latiores erunt obtuſi, reliqui acu
<
lb
/>
ti dicentur, exlineis directæ aliæſunt, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3065
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">illæ ſunt, quarum medium non obumbrat extrema: </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3066
"
xml:space
="
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">quæq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3067
"
xml:space
="
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">breuiori
<
lb
/>
ſpatio inter duo puncta æqualiter continentur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3068
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Aliæ flexæ, quæ ſcilicet ſuis medijs ectrema excedunt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3069
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Ex
<
lb
/>
his aliæſunt circulorum portiones quædam, aliæflexuoſæ undequaque: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3070
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Circulus quaſi totus angulus, ſigura
<
lb
/>
eſt unalinea circumſcripta, a cuius medio, quod centrum appellant, omnes lineæ ad extremos limites ductæ
<
lb
/>
ſunt, æquales; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3071
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">linea ſlexa ab Architectis arcus nominatur, recta uerò quandoque chorda uocatur, idq́ cum
<
lb
/>
extremos arcuum fines claudit, quandoque ſagitta, cum ſcilicet a chordæ medio, tanquàm neruo directè ad
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.062-02
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.062-02a
"
xml:space
="
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">20</
note
>
arcus circumductu fertur, quandoque radius, cum ſcilicet ab immobile centro ad circumferentiam orbis du-
<
lb
/>
citur, quandoque diameter, cum ſcilicet duas æquales in partes circulum diuidit, quod fieri non poteſt, niſi
<
lb
/>
per medium centrum traijciat: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3072
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Ex arcubus ſimplices quidam ſunt, quidam uerò compoſiti: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3073
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ex ſimplicibus
<
lb
/>
alij integri, alij non integriuocantur: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3074
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Integer arcus eſt dimidium circuli: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3075
"
xml:space
="
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">noninteger, qui dimidio minor eſt:
<
lb
/>
</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3076
"
xml:space
="
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">uel cuius chorda diametro breuior est. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3077
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Compoſitus arcus eſt, quiex duobus non integris arcubus efficitur, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3078
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xml:space
="
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">
<
lb
/>
ideo in decuſſatione angulum efficit, quemadmodum ſubiecta exempla, diagrammate oſtendunt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3079
"
xml:space
="
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">Lineis igi-
<
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/>
tur, angulisq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3080
"
xml:space
="
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">deſcribimus areas, lineæ uel funiculis, uel perticis tanquàm regulis ducuntur; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3081
"
xml:space
="
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">anguli autem
<
lb
/>
normis, uelquadrantibus. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3082
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Solo deſſignato foſſas duces, quibus ductis iacias fundamenta in ſolido uel ana-
<
lb
/>
turatibi præſtito, uel arte facto: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3083
"
xml:space
="
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">ſcias ſolum conſolidari palis frequentibus, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3084
"
xml:space
="
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">denſis: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3085
"
xml:space
="
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">figuntur autem pali fi-
<
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ſtucis. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3086
"
xml:space
="
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">Fiſtucæſunt inſtrumenta lignea, quæ uel ſuſpenſa funibus, trochleisq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3087
"
xml:space
="
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">a tignis demittuntur ſupra dire
<
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/>
<
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position
="
left
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xlink:label
="
note-514.01.062-03
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.062-03a
"
xml:space
="
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">30</
note
>
ctos palos, ut crebris ictibus inculcentur, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
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"
xml:space
="
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">figantur: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3089
"
xml:space
="
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">uel anſis manibus comprehenſa extolluntur, ut pali
<
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/>
ſublicæq; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3090
"
xml:space
="
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">ea machina adigãtur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3091
"
xml:space
="
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">E quo autem ligni genere palationes fiant ſecundo libro declaratur Cap. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3092
"
xml:space
="
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">nono-
<
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/>
Fiſtuca etiam pauitores utuntur, cum locus aut omnis, ant ex parte congestitius fuerit, ut habetur libro ſeptimo
<
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/>
Cap. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
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"
xml:space
="
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">primo. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3094
"
xml:space
="
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">Adiguntur autem pali crebro potius ac continuato, quàm uehementi & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3095
"
xml:space
="
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">oneroſo ictu. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3096
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Cæſar in
<
lb
/>
commentarijs ſuis fist
<
unsure
/>
ucæ nomine utitur in egregia illa pontis conſtructione. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3097
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Fundamentorum autem nomine
<
lb
/>
<
figure
xlink:label
="
fig-514.01.062-01
"
xlink:href
="
fig-514.01.062-01a
"
number
="
9
">
<
description
xml:id
="
echoid-description2
"
style
="
it
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">a b. recta.
<
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/>
d c. flexa.
<
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/>
e. angulirecti.
<
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/>
f. anguli obtuſi.
<
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/>
o. anguli acuti.
<
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/>
h.i.
<
emph
style
="
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">K.</
emph
>
circulus.
<
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/>
g h i. diametros.
<
lb
/>
g k. radius.
<
lb
/>
g. centrum.
<
lb
/>
l. m.n. arcus inte ger.
<
lb
/>
L m. chorda.
<
lb
/>
n p. ſagitta.
<
lb
/>
r. arcus diminu-tus.
<
lb
/>
f. arcus compoſi-tus.</
description
>
<
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xml:space
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">a b d c e f o h i k g l m n L p r</
variables
>
</
figure
>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.062-04
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xlink:href
="
note-514.01.062-04a
"
xml:space
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">40</
note
>
Vitr. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3098
"
xml:space
="
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">foſſas intelligit, ubi ſubstenitur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3099
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Habent autem fundationes præcepta, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3100
"
xml:space
="
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">regulas, de quibus nunc dicam.
<
lb
/>
</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3101
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Primum quidem conſulendi incolæ ſunt & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3102
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">periti regionum, ut ſoli natura exacte dignoſcatur.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3103
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#inde cauen-
<
lb
/>
dum eſt, ne ſuper ruinas ſuperstruamus: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3104
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">non enim ſcire poſſimus quantum oneris ferre poterant: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3105
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">æquabiliter
<
lb
/>
autem excauandum eſt ſolum, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3106
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">quàm planiſſimum faciendum, ut ædificiorum onera æqualiter decumbant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3107
"
xml:space
="
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">
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.062-05
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.062-05a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">50</
note
>
Conſtruendæ etiam ſunt ædificiorum ueterum partes, ut cum fabricare aliquo impedimento deſiſtemus, ne pœ
<
lb
/>
niteat nos uetera diruiſſe: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3108
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Inferiora uero ſint ſuperioribus ampliora naturæ imit atione, quæ arbores parte ima
<
lb
/>
ſolidiores facit.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3109
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Cæterum in mollibus locis minore ſumptu, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3110
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">tutius ſuperſtruemus arcubus#primum iactis,
<
lb
/>
namſolida pars apta eſt onera ſustinere, uacua uero impenſæ parcit.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3111
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Arbitror ego ſaxa grandiora in funda-
<
lb
/>
tionibus eſſe iacienda, ſed & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3112
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">minutiſſima, quæq́ inuenta ſunt in ædificijs ueterum: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3113
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">non eſt autem in huiuſmo
<
lb
/>
diſubstructionibus calci parcendum. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3114
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ſed curandum ut quàm ſolidiſſima ſit ſubſiructio: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3115
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">palationes uerò muris
<
lb
/>
duplices habentur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3116
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Pali uerò denſiſſimi, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3117
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">groſſi parte duodecima, uel non minus octaua longitudinis. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3118
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">his
<
lb
/>
atque di{ij{s huiuſmodi præceptis de quibus etiam alibi dicturus ſum, quàm ſimiſſima fundamenta fieri poſſunt.
<
lb
/>
</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3119
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Nunc ad rerum diftributionem ueniendum eſt, ac primum de turribus & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3120
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">propugnaculis dicendum eſt, mox de
<
lb
/>
portis & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3121
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">muris.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3122
"
xml:space
="
preserve
"/>
</
p
>
<
note
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="
left
"
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="
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">60</
note
>
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