Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div286" type="section" level="1" n="38">
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9678" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="109" file="0115" n="124" rhead="QVARTO."/>
            metallo, ètauole bianchisſime, piombi, inuetriature di tegole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9679" xml:space="preserve">altre coſe ſimili. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9680" xml:space="preserve">Vedonſi i coperti dila Magna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9681" xml:space="preserve">di Francia,che ſono pie
              <lb/>
            tre nere, tagliate in laſtre conſicate con chiodi di legno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9682" xml:space="preserve">fanno bello effetto quanto alla uiſta, perche ſono con bellisſimo ordine collocate, c
              <lb/>
            ſtando i tetti in pendente, I’acqua, che uiene dal Cielo dandogli ſopra non fa ſtrepito alcuno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9683" xml:space="preserve">Deueſi prouedere, che le laſtre di piombo ferma-
              <lb/>
            mente congiunte ſiano, accioche il uento non le porti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9684" xml:space="preserve">poſte in modo, che gli uccelli non ſi fermino ſopra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9685" xml:space="preserve">Et ſotto il piombo ſia l’opera co
              <lb/>
            perta leggiermente dicenere di ſelce meſcolata con loto di bianca creta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9686" xml:space="preserve">I chiodi di ferro non ſono à propoſito, perche ſi ſcaldano piu che le
              <lb/>
            pietre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9687" xml:space="preserve">con la loro ruggine uanno da torno rodendo, pero ſi fanno le morſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9688" xml:space="preserve">i chiodi di piombo, accioche con quelli ſi fermino le lame del
              <lb/>
            le tegole con ardente ferro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9689" xml:space="preserve">Ne gliornamenti de i tetti, le cime, le labra delle gronde, le cantonate delle fabriche ſono da eſſer conſiderate, la
              <lb/>
            doue di ſopra ui uanno palle, fiori, ſtatue, carri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9690" xml:space="preserve">coſe ſimili in modo però, che ogni coſa ſia poſta con gratia, decoro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9691" xml:space="preserve">con ragione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9692" xml:space="preserve">Io la-
              <lb/>
            ſcio al ſuo luogo di dire molte altre coſe pertinenti alla compoſitione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9693" xml:space="preserve">natura de i tetti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9694" xml:space="preserve">Vegno alle apriture , che ſono tutte le entrate & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9695" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            uſcite, che ſono in qualunque parte dello ediſicio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9696" xml:space="preserve">Di queſte altre ſono per li lumi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9697" xml:space="preserve">per lo aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9698" xml:space="preserve">uenti come ſono le ſinestre, altre ſono per
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0115-01" xlink:href="note-0115-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            gli buomini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9699" xml:space="preserve">per le coſe come porte, ſcale, chiauiche, pozzi, fumi, camini, colonnati, è, nicchi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9700" xml:space="preserve">altre coſe ſimiglianti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9701" xml:space="preserve">Alle fineſtreil
              <lb/>
            numbero, il ſito, la Figura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9702" xml:space="preserve">le regole ſi danno, imperoche ſe nel mezzo ſono eſſer deono diſpari, ilche nelle ſabriche di Vinetia per lo piu
              <lb/>
            non ſi uede, coſa di grande impedimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9703" xml:space="preserve">ſenza gratia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9704" xml:space="preserve">Non ſi deono ſar ſinestre ſenza biſogno, ne porle ſacendoſi ſopra le cantonate.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9705" xml:space="preserve">Pare, che gli antichi ò dalle porte, ò dal diſopra deſſero luce à Tempi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9706" xml:space="preserve">Delle porte ſi dira nel preſente Libro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9707" xml:space="preserve">delle altre apriture, ne gli al-
              <lb/>
            tri uolumi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9708" xml:space="preserve">Ben ricordo, che il ſito delle fineſtre eſſer deue leuato dal ſuolo, perche con gli occhi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9709" xml:space="preserve">non con i piedi ſi riceue il lume, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9710" xml:space="preserve">meglio
              <lb/>
            ſi ſchiua il uento, quando ſon alte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9711" xml:space="preserve">Regola eſpedita è, che il lume ſi prende dal diſopra, d’onde egli uiene. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9712" xml:space="preserve">Vedeſi queſto in Roma in molte chie-
              <lb/>
            ſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9713" xml:space="preserve">Vtile è la fineſtra per rinouare l’aere rinchiuſo, che come l’acqua ſtando queſta ſi corrompe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9714" xml:space="preserve">Guardiſi, che il lume non ſia impedito da qnal
              <lb/>
            che maggior edificio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9715" xml:space="preserve">La figura quadra da gli antichi nelle finestre è ſtata approuata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9716" xml:space="preserve">la grandezza è ſtata ſecondo il biſogno de i uenti, de i
              <lb/>
            lumi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9717" xml:space="preserve">del Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9718" xml:space="preserve">ancho ſecondo la grandezza dell’opera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9719" xml:space="preserve">Molte difficultà, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9720" xml:space="preserve">grandi ſono ne gli adornamenti delle apriture, mperoche,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9721" xml:space="preserve">di bella, rara, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9722" xml:space="preserve">uniſorme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9723" xml:space="preserve">grande materia eſſer deono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9724" xml:space="preserve">non coſi ageuolmente s’acconciano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9725" xml:space="preserve">ſi mettono in lauoro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9726" xml:space="preserve">Auuenga che
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0115-02" xlink:href="note-0115-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            Papritura da ſe ſia peruia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9727" xml:space="preserve">paſſe da una parte all’altra, ci ſono niente di meno alcune apriture ſenza uſcita, queſte prima da maestri di le-
              <lb/>
            gn
              <unsure/>
            ame per ſortezza dell’opera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9728" xml:space="preserve">ſparagno della ſpeſa ſono state rittrouate, poi da i Marmorari per ornamento uſurpate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9729" xml:space="preserve">Bella coſa è che
              <lb/>
            l’oſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9730" xml:space="preserve">ſoſtenimento ſiano d’una pietra intiera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9731" xml:space="preserve">poi che habbiano le parti coſi congiunte, che non ſi uedino le commiſſure. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9732" xml:space="preserve">Gli antichi
              <lb/>
            (come ho detto altre fiate) drizzauano prima le colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9733" xml:space="preserve">nelle Baſe loro le poneuano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9734" xml:space="preserve">poi drizzauano il muro, perche meglio ſi ado-
              <lb/>
            perauano le machine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9735" xml:space="preserve">piu à piombo ſi accommodauano le colonne, ilche era difficile (come dice Tullio) appreſſo gli Architetti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9736" xml:space="preserve">A piombo
              <lb/>
            ſi pone la colonna trouando il centro della Baſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9737" xml:space="preserve">dall’una testa della colonna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9738" xml:space="preserve">poi impiombando un ſerro dritto, nel centro della Baſa, il
              <lb/>
            quale poi deue entrare nel bucco ſatto nella colonna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9739" xml:space="preserve">noi altroue l’hauemo detto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9740" xml:space="preserve">Due ſono le maniere de gli adornamenti delle apriture,
              <lb/>
            perche alcuni ſi ſcoſtano dal parete, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9741" xml:space="preserve">ſono di tutto rilieuo, iſpediti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9742" xml:space="preserve">liberi, altri s’accostano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9743" xml:space="preserve">ſono alquanto prominenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9744" xml:space="preserve">questi al-
              <lb/>
            cuna fiata rappreſentano colonne ritonde, alcuna uolta quadrate, in tutte le predette maniere egli ſi deue oſleruare lo ſporto ragioneuole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9745" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            che’l tutto ſopra’l uiuo ſia poſto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9746" xml:space="preserve">Conſiderando appreſſo, che ad altro tempo ſi fabrica, ad altro ſi ueste, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9747" xml:space="preserve">ad altro ſi adorna, pero non deue
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0115-03" xlink:href="note-0115-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            eſſer (chi fabrica) impatiente, ma aſpettar, che la ſabrica ſia poſta in eſſer, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9748" xml:space="preserve">coperta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9749" xml:space="preserve">poi adornata, altrimenti bene ſpeſſo ſi getta uia la
              <lb/>
            ſpeſa de gli adornamenti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9750" xml:space="preserve">Et tanto detto ſia in uniuerſale de itetti, apriture, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9751" xml:space="preserve">pareti, il reſto ſi riſerba à dire nelle opere de priuati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9752" xml:space="preserve">ſor ſe
              <lb/>
            sroppo hauemo uagato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9753" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div294" type="section" level="1" n="39">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head39" xml:space="preserve">CAP. III. DELLA RAGIONE DORICA.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9754" xml:space="preserve">ALCVNI de gli antichi Architetti negato hanno eſſer commoda coſa fabricare i Tempialla Do-
              <lb/>
            rica, adducendo che le Simmetrie fuſſero in quella diſconueneuoli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9755" xml:space="preserve">mendoſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9756" xml:space="preserve">pero Tharthe-
              <lb/>
            ſio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9757" xml:space="preserve">Pitheo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9758" xml:space="preserve">Hermogene ſimilmente lo negarono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9759" xml:space="preserve">Perche Hermogene hauendo apparecchiata
              <lb/>
            la materia per far l’opera di maniera Dorica, cangio quella, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9760" xml:space="preserve">della ſteſſa fece un Tempio alla Io-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0115-04" xlink:href="note-0115-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            nica al padre Bacco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9761" xml:space="preserve">queſto fece non perche la forma Dorica fuſſe ſenza gratia, ne perche la ma-
              <lb/>
            niera, ò la dignitâ della forma non ci fuſſe, ma percheil compartimento, è, impedito, in commo-
              <lb/>
            do nell’opra de i Triglifi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9762" xml:space="preserve">nelle diſtributioni delle trauature, percioche egli è neceſſario porre i Triglifi contra i
              <lb/>
            retranti delle colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9763" xml:space="preserve">che le Metope tra i Triglifi ſiano tanto lunge quanto alte, ma per lo contrario i Triglifi ſi
              <lb/>
            mettono nelle eſtreme parti nelle colonne angulari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9764" xml:space="preserve">non contra’l mezzo de, i, tetranti delle colonne, coſi la Me-
              <lb/>
            tope, che ſono appreſſo i Triglifi de glianguli, non riuſciſcono quadrate, ma alquanto piu longe de i Triglifi per la
              <lb/>
            meta della larghezza, ma quelli che uogliono fare Metope giuſ
              <unsure/>
            te quadre, riſtringono gli intercolumni eſtremi per
              <lb/>
            la meta dell’altezza del Trigliſo, ma facendoſi queſto ò nelle longhezze delle Metope, ò ne gli reſtrignimenti de gli
              <lb/>
            intercolumni, è diffettoſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9765" xml:space="preserve">non iſta bene, perilche pare, che gli antichi habbiano uoluto ſchiuare nel fabricari
              <lb/>
            Tempi la ragione della Dorica Simmetria.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9766" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9767" xml:space="preserve">Volendoci Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9768" xml:space="preserve">dichiarire il compartimento Dorico, egli ci propone una difficulta de gli antichi Architetti, accioche noi stiamo piu auuertiti.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9769" xml:space="preserve">Biaſimauano alcuni la miſura, è compartimento Dorico nel fabricar de i Tempi, non perche la forma non baueſſe del grande, ò che l’opera di-
              <lb/>
            ſpiaceſſe, ma perche nontornaua bene il compartimento de i Triglifi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9770" xml:space="preserve">delle Metope. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9771" xml:space="preserve">Noi bauemo ueduto di ſopra, che i Triglifi riſpondo-
              <lb/>
            no allc teſte delle traui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9772" xml:space="preserve">che le Metope riſpondono à gli ſpatij, che ſono da una traue all’altra detti intertignia nella parte di fuori, ma nella
              <lb/>
            parte di dentro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9773" xml:space="preserve">le traui, è gli ſpatij ſi chiamano lacunaria. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9774" xml:space="preserve">Se adunque i Triglifi rappreſentano le teste delle traui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9775" xml:space="preserve">le Metope gli ſpa-
              <lb/>
            tij, ne ſegue che eſſendo impedito il partimento de i Triglifi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9776" xml:space="preserve">delle Metope impedita ſia ancho laragione delle trauamenta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9777" xml:space="preserve">del loro orna
              <lb/>
            mento di dentro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9778" xml:space="preserve">Ma come ſia impedita la diſtributione de i Triglifi egli ſi uede, perche è neceſſario che lo Trigliſo ſia giuſto per mezzo la
              <lb/>
            quadra della colonna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9779" xml:space="preserve">la Me opa ſia tanto alta quanto longa, ma gli antichi non auuertendo à quello, che era per gli Trigliſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9780" xml:space="preserve">per le Me
              <lb/>
            toper rappreſentato, poneuano ſopra le eſtreme parti delle colonne angulari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9781" xml:space="preserve">non ſul uiuo i Triglifi, dalche ne naſceua che le Metope ap-
              <lb/>
            preſſo que Triglifi, non ueniuano quadre giuſte, ma alquanto piu longe de i Triglifi, cioe per la meta della loro larghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9782" xml:space="preserve">questo auueni-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0115-06" xlink:href="note-0115-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            ua uolendo quelli ſeruar la diſtanza dell’inter columnio, ma quelli, che di cio non curauano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9783" xml:space="preserve">uoleuano pur, che le Metope fuſſero giuſte è
              <lb/>
            quadre, non riccorreuano à porre i Triglifi ſul uiuo, ma restrigneuano gli ſpatij de gli intercolumni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9784" xml:space="preserve">obbligauano quegli ſpatij di modo, che
              <lb/>
            non poteuano cadere ſotto quelle ragioni de gli intercolumni, che detto hauemo nel Terzo Libro, riſtrigneuano adunque gli eſtremi interco-
              <lb/>
            lumni per la meta dell’altezza del Trigliſo, per aggiuſtar la Metopa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9785" xml:space="preserve">queſto era diffettoſo, però fuggiuano il lauoro Dorico, non biaſiman
              <lb/>
            do l’aſpetto ne la maniera, ma il compartimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9786" xml:space="preserve">la Simmetria come fece Tarteſio, Pitheo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9787" xml:space="preserve">Hermogene. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9788" xml:space="preserve">A queſto diſordine prouede
              <lb/>
            Vitr gentilimente dimoſtrandoci le ragioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9789" xml:space="preserve">le proportioni di questi compartimenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9790" xml:space="preserve">pero dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9791" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9792" xml:space="preserve">Ma noi come richiede l’ordine eſponemo in quel modo, che da i noſtri precettori hauemo, accioche ſe alcuno ponen-
              <lb/>
            do mente, à queſte ragioni uorrà in queſto modo cominciare, egli habbia le proportioni eſpedite, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9793" xml:space="preserve">manifeſte, con
              <lb/>
            lequali egli poſſa bene, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9794" xml:space="preserve">ſenza diffetto alla Dorica fabricare e finire i Tempi de gli Dei.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9795" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9796" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9797" xml:space="preserve">ci promette di douer dare il modo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9798" xml:space="preserve">le miſure di fabricare alla Dorica ſenza difetto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9799" xml:space="preserve">Et ſi come nella maniera Ionica egli ci ba dati i precetti
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0115-07" xlink:href="note-0115-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            ſecondo le forme de i Tempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9800" xml:space="preserve">regolati quelli ſecondo gli ſpatij de gli inter colũni, coſi nella Dorica egli regola ſecondo le iſteſſe forme gli ſpa-
              <lb/>
            tij tra le colonne, uero è, che la ragione di queſti ſpatij, è di queſta maniera tutta dipende dal compartimento de i Triglifi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9801" xml:space="preserve">Et pero nel di ſopra
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9802" xml:space="preserve">in altri luogbi, quando Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9803" xml:space="preserve">ha detto la ragione de i Trigliſi, egli ba inteſo la maniera Dorica. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9804" xml:space="preserve">Comincia adunque à Regolare la maniera
              <lb/>
            Diaſtilos, che ha di tre colonne il ſuo uano, ſecondo la ſorma di facciata in colonne detta Proſtilos, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9805" xml:space="preserve">ſecondo ambe le teſte in colonne detta
              <lb/>
            Amphiprostilos, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9806" xml:space="preserve">ſotto un nome ſolo intende queſte due forme, chiamandole Tetraſtilos, cioe di quattro colonne, regola ancho la alata à tor
              <lb/>
            no detta Peripteros chiamando Exaſtilos, cioe di ſeicolonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9807" xml:space="preserve">ci laſcia à noi regolare le altre maniere, dice adunque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9808" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>