Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div273" type="section" level="1" n="34">
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div274" type="section" level="1" n="35">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head35" xml:space="preserve">LIBRO QVARTO
            <lb/>
          DELLA ARCHITETTVRA
            <lb/>
          DI M. VITRVVIO.</head>
          <figure number="55">
            <image file="0109-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0109-01"/>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div275" type="section" level="1" n="36">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head36" xml:space="preserve">PROEMIO.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9209" xml:space="preserve">HAVENDO io ò Imperatore auuertito, che molti laſciato hanno precetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9210" xml:space="preserve">uolumi
              <lb/>
            di Commentari non ordinati, ma cominciati come particelle ſmembrate, degna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9211" xml:space="preserve">uti
              <lb/>
            lisſima coſa ho penſato prima il ridurre tutto il corpo di queſta diſciplina à perfetto
              <lb/>
            ordine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9212" xml:space="preserve">poieſplicare in ciaſcuno uolume le preſcritte, ecerte qualità delle maniere
              <lb/>
            partitamente. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9213" xml:space="preserve">Nel primo uolume adunque ò Ceſare io ti ho dichiarito l’ufficio dello Ar
              <lb/>
            chitetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9214" xml:space="preserve">dimoſtrato di che arti biſogna, che egliperito ſia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9215" xml:space="preserve">Nel ſecondo io ho diſpu-
              <lb/>
            tato della copia della materia, che ſi adopera nelle fabriche. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9216" xml:space="preserve">Nel terzo delle diſpoſitioni
              <lb/>
            de i ſacri Tempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9217" xml:space="preserve">della uarietà delle loro maniere, quali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9218" xml:space="preserve">quante forme s’habbia-
              <lb/>
            no, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9219" xml:space="preserve">delle diſtributioni, che ſono in ciaſcuna maniera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9220" xml:space="preserve">de i tre generi, che erano di
              <lb/>
            ſottilisſime conditioni per le proportioni delle loro miſure, ho dimoſtrato l’uſanze Io-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0109-01" xlink:href="note-0109-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            niche. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9221" xml:space="preserve">Hora in queſto uolume io tratterò de gli Inſtituti Dorici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9222" xml:space="preserve">Corinthij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9223" xml:space="preserve">di
              <lb/>
            tutti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9224" xml:space="preserve">le differenze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9225" xml:space="preserve">le propietà farò manifeſte.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9226" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9227" xml:space="preserve">PERCHE Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9228" xml:space="preserve">non ſaccia nel Proemio del quarto, come nei Proemi de gli altri libri, diſcorrendo ſopra alcuna
              <lb/>
            bella coſa, laragione (come io ſtimo) puo eſſer questa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9229" xml:space="preserve">La materia di queſto libro è continuata con la materia del pre-
              <lb/>
            cedente, però non biſognaua far altro Proemio, con digresſione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9230" xml:space="preserve">hiſtoria come ha ſatto ne gli altri; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9231" xml:space="preserve">ma per che ha
              <lb/>
            ſatto queſto poco? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9232" xml:space="preserve">Prima per diſtinguer un libro dall’altro, dapoi per continuar la materia dimoſtrando quello, che ſin
              <lb/>
            hora egli ci ha inſegnato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9233" xml:space="preserve">quello, che egli ciè per inſegnare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9234" xml:space="preserve">ſe alcuno diceſſe non doueua egli ſotto un libro com-
              <lb/>
            prender tutta la materia delle ſabriche dedicate alla religione? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9235" xml:space="preserve">io direi che per ſuggir il tedio, che ci arreca la lunghez-
              <lb/>
            za delle coſe, egli ha uoluto dar modo al terzo libro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9236" xml:space="preserve">riſeruarſi nel quarto à dichiararci il restante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9237" xml:space="preserve">per quella breuità, che egli
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0109-02" xlink:href="note-0109-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            lauda nel Proemio del ſeguente libro, che ci ſa piu pronti alle coſe, che preſto ſi ſiniſcono, ben dico io, che in ogni Proemio ci è che auuer-
              <lb/>
            tire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9238" xml:space="preserve">in queſto ſpecialmente la doue egli dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9239" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9240" xml:space="preserve">Nel terzo delle diſpoſitioni de i Sacri tempi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9241" xml:space="preserve">Quanto à gli aſpetti delle ſronti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9242" xml:space="preserve">de i lati al primo capo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9243" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9244" xml:space="preserve">Et della uarietà delle loro maniere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9245" xml:space="preserve">Quanto allo ſpatio delle colonne, del che ne ſono cinque ſpecie, come ſi uede al ſecondo capo, nel
              <lb/>
            qual è compreſo ancho quello che qui dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9246" xml:space="preserve">Quali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9247" xml:space="preserve">quante forme s’habbiano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9248" xml:space="preserve">delle diſtributioni, che ſono in cia-
              <lb/>
            ſcuna maniera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9249" xml:space="preserve">Quanto alla applicatione delle cinque ſpecie, alle figure de gli aſpetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9250" xml:space="preserve">ancho doue egli dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9251" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9252" xml:space="preserve">Et dei tre generi, che erano di ſottilisſime qualità per le proportioni dei moduli, cioè Dorico, Ionico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9253" xml:space="preserve">Corinthio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9254" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9255" xml:space="preserve">Et in uero coſi ritrouo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9256" xml:space="preserve">è neceſſario riuolgere nella mente le coſe dette ſopra le proportioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9257" xml:space="preserve">i componimenti di quelle, nel terzo libro,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9258" xml:space="preserve">eſſercitarſi nel ragionare ſopra di eſſe, ricordandoſi oltra di queſto della Eurithmia, che è il temperamento delle proportioni applicate al-
              <lb/>
            la materia, come la equità alle coſe di giustitia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9259" xml:space="preserve">Tratta adunque in queſto libro della Origine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9260" xml:space="preserve">inuentione delle colonne, de i loro ornamen
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0109-03" xlink:href="note-0109-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            ti della ragion Dorica, e Corinthia, del compartimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9261" xml:space="preserve">diſtributione del di dentro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9262" xml:space="preserve">del di ſuori, de i tempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9263" xml:space="preserve">ci da alcuni precetti di
              <lb/>
            porre i tempi ſecondo le regioni, e parti del Cielo: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9264" xml:space="preserve">parla delle porte, del ſabricar antico di Thoſcana, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9265" xml:space="preserve">delle ſorme ritonde de i Tempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9266" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            de gli Altari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9267" xml:space="preserve">con queſto termina la ragion della ſabrica alla religione conſecrata.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9268" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div279" type="section" level="1" n="37">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head37" xml:space="preserve">CAP. I. DI TRE MANIERE DI COLONNE, ET DELLE
            <lb/>
          ORIGINI ET INVENTION LORO.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9269" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">Le</emph>
            colonne Corinthie hanno tutte le miſure come le Ioniche, eccetto i capitelli, ma le altezze dei ca
              <lb/>
            pitelli fanno quelle per la rata parte piu alte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9270" xml:space="preserve">ſottili, perche l’altezza del Capitello Ionico e la
              <lb/>
            terza parte della groſſezza della colonna, ma del Corinthio è tutta la groſſezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9271" xml:space="preserve">Adunque perche
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0109-04" xlink:href="note-0109-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            due parti della groſſezza della colonna ſono aggiunte à i capitelli Corinthij, però fanno l’altezza
              <lb/>
            di quelle con la forma piu ſottile, tutti gli altri membri, che ſopra le colonne ſi poſano, ò dalle mi-
              <lb/>
            ſure Doriche, ò dalle uſanze Ioniche ſono trasferite nelle colonne dei Corinthij, perche la manie-
              <lb/>
            ra Corinthia non ha propia inſtitutione de gocciolatoi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9272" xml:space="preserve">di altri ornamenti, ma ouero dalle ragioni de Triglifi ne
              <lb/>
            igocciolatoi i mutoli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9273" xml:space="preserve">ne gli epiſtili le goccie all’uſanza Dorica diſpoſte ſono, ò uero ſecondo le leggi Ionichei fre
              <lb/>
            gi ornati di ſcolture coni dentelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9274" xml:space="preserve">con le corone ſi compartiſcono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9275" xml:space="preserve">coſi di due maniere trappoſtoui il capitel-
              <lb/>
            lo è ſtata nelle opere la terza maniera prodotta, perche le nominanze de i tre generi, cioè Dorica, Ionica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9276" xml:space="preserve">Co-
              <lb/>
            rinthia fatte ſono dalle formationi delle colonne, dellequali la prima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9277" xml:space="preserve">antica nata è la Dorica.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9278" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9279" xml:space="preserve">Nel preſente capo tratta Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9280" xml:space="preserve">delle origini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9281" xml:space="preserve">inuentioni delle maniere delle colonne, della colonna Corinthia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9282" xml:space="preserve">del capitello. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9283" xml:space="preserve">Le regole delle
              <lb/>
            Corinthie ſono breuemente raccolte, la prima è che le colonne Corinthie no ſono dalle Ioniche diſſerenti di miſure, ſaluo che nel capitello, im-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0109-05" xlink:href="note-0109-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            peroche (come ueduto hauemo nel precedente libro,) il capitello Ionico è alto per un terzo della groſſezza della colonna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9284" xml:space="preserve">(come qui dicè
              <lb/>
            Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9285" xml:space="preserve">il capitello Corinthio è alto tanto, quanto tutta la groſſezza della colonna, dalche naſce, che la colonna Corinthia per l’aggiunta di due
              <lb/>
            parti è piu ſuelta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9286" xml:space="preserve">pare piu ſottile, la ſeconda è che gli altri membri, che uanno ſopra le colonne, ò ſi pigliano dalle Simmetrie Doriche, ò dal
              <lb/>
            le uſanze Ioniche perche il genere Corinthio non ha que membri proprij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9287" xml:space="preserve">ſeparati) come ha ciaſcuno de gli altri generi, ma ſi piglia da i
              <lb/>
            Triglifi, cioè dalla ragion Dorica, non che ſiano Triglifi nel Corinthio, perche questo nõ è ſtato mai ueduto nell’ antico, ma perche il compar
              <lb/>
            timento Dorico, eregolato ſecondo i Trigliſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9288" xml:space="preserve">Similmente per goccie intende non quelle, che ſono ſotto i Trigliſi, ma quelle che ſotto la cor-
              <lb/>
            nice à guiſa di goccie ſi metteno, che moderni ſuſaiuoli, ò pater nostri chiamano non ſapendo l’Origine di quelli adornamenti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9289" xml:space="preserve">Nella maniera
              <lb/>
            Corinthia adunque l’Architraue, il ſregio, la Cornice ſi può pigliare dalla miſura, e compartimento Dorico. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9290" xml:space="preserve">Egli ſi può anche dallè uſanze
              <lb/>
            loniche prender tutto quello, che ſi mette ſoprai capitelli delle colonne, et in questo caſo non ci è differenza tra’l Ionico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9291" xml:space="preserve">il Corinthio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9292" xml:space="preserve">ſi
              <lb/>
            puo dire, che il genere Corinthio non habbia altro del ſuo, che’l Capitello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9293" xml:space="preserve">queſto ſi deue auuertire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9294" xml:space="preserve">noi diſopra ne hauemo ſatto, e di-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0109-06" xlink:href="note-0109-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            ſegnato la ſigura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9295" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9296" xml:space="preserve">Perche in tutta l’Achaica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9297" xml:space="preserve">il Peloponeſſo Doro ſigliuolo di Helleno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9298" xml:space="preserve">della Ninfa Optice hebbeil principato, &</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9299" xml:space="preserve"/>
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