Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div599" type="section" level="1" n="108">
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            <s xml:id="echoid-s17341" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="203" file="0213" n="222" rhead="NONO."/>
            noia ci porta ſolamente un mirabile uſo di quella, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17342" xml:space="preserve">queſto è à fare le ſcale proportionate dellequale non hauendo noiragionato prima, ne
              <lb/>
            ragioneremo al preſente. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17343" xml:space="preserve">Il por le ſcale ricerca giuditio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17344" xml:space="preserve">iſperienza piu che mediocre, perche e molto difficile à trouarle luogo, che non im-
              <lb/>
            pediſchino il compartimento delle stanze, però chi non uuole dalle ſcale eſſer impedito non impediſca le ſcale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17345" xml:space="preserve">proueda di darle un certo, e
              <lb/>
            determinato ſpatio, accioche ſiano libere, et diſſobligate, perche aſſai ſeranno cõmode, la doue daranno mãco incõmodo, qui ſi ragiona delle ſcale
              <lb/>
            de gli ediſici, et non di quelle, che ſeruono all’uſo della guerra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17346" xml:space="preserve">Delle ſcale adunque ſi conſidera, le maniere, il luogo, le apriture, la figura, il nume
              <lb/>
            ro de i gradi, le requie. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17347" xml:space="preserve">Egli ſi aſcende al diſopra, ò per gradi, ò per montate, che ſtanno in pendente. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17348" xml:space="preserve">Le montate ſono piu commode, perche lá
              <lb/>
            ſalita ſi fa à poco à poco ſenza grãde mouimento, ſpecialmente quando ſi ha queſta uia di ſarle piu piane, che ſi può, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17349" xml:space="preserve">à queſto modo ſi fan-
              <lb/>
            no le ſalite de i monti, per opera de gli huomini, ma quelle ſcale, che hanno i gradi deono eſſer ſimilmente commode, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17350" xml:space="preserve">luminoſe, ſeranno com
              <lb/>
            mode (come ho detto di ſopra) ſe daranno meno incommodo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17351" xml:space="preserve">cio quanto all’edificio potendoſi dal luogo, che ſera ſotto le ſcale prendere
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0213-01" xlink:href="note-0213-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            qualche utilità, ma quanto à chi ſcende, è ſale, ſeranno commode eſſendo proportionate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17352" xml:space="preserve">quanto à tutta la ſcala, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17353" xml:space="preserve">quanto a i gradi, al-
              <lb/>
            che fare ci giouerà la figura di V itr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17354" xml:space="preserve">il numero de i gradi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17355" xml:space="preserve">de i ripoſi (perche egli ſi deue auuertire di non far molti gradi ſenza unarequie
              <lb/>
            di mezzo) però non uſauano gli antichi di fare piu di ſette, ò noue gradi ſenza un piano, ſi per dar ripoſo à chi ſalendo ſi stanoaua, ſi per-
              <lb/>
            che cadendo alcuno non cadeſſe da luogo molto alto, ma haueſſe doue fermarſi, ma l’altezza de i gradi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17356" xml:space="preserve">i piani ſi deono ſare in modo, che
              <lb/>
            quanto meno ſi puo il piede s’ affatiche alzandoſi, non biſogna paſſare le miſure di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17357" xml:space="preserve">date nel Terzo Libro, cioe farli maggiori, ma bene ci
              <lb/>
            tornera à propoſito ne i priuati ediſicij accommodarli piu, che ſi puo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17358" xml:space="preserve">Le ſcale à lumaca occupan meno, ma ſono piu diſſicili, ſe ſi fanno per
              <lb/>
            necesſità. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17359" xml:space="preserve">Nell’ Alemagna per l’ordinario ſono ne gli anguli delle caſe, ilche è difettoſo, perche ne finestra, ne nicchio, ne ſcala ne apritura
              <lb/>
            alcuna deue eſſer poſta ne gli anguli de gli edifici, iquali douendo eſſer ſodisſimi, quando ſono aperti s’indeboliſcono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17360" xml:space="preserve">In ſomma il numero del-
              <lb/>
            le ſcale non e lodato, perche è di molto impedimento à tutta la fabrica, ela moltutudine dè i gradi agraua lo edificio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17361" xml:space="preserve">Hanno le ſcale tre apri
              <lb/>
            ture una all’entrata da piedi, l’altra doue ſono i lumi, la terza e la riuſcita di ſopra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17362" xml:space="preserve">Tutte deono eſſer ampie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17363" xml:space="preserve">magnifiche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17364" xml:space="preserve">quaſi deo-
              <lb/>
            no inuitare le genti alla ſalita. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17365" xml:space="preserve">La prima entrata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17366" xml:space="preserve">la bocca della ſcala deue eſſer in luogo, che ſubito ſi ueda dentro della entrata, il lumo
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0213-02" xlink:href="note-0213-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            deue eſſer alto, perche dia lume egualmẽte à tutti i gradi, qui la ragione dell’ombra ci ſerue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17367" xml:space="preserve">ſi troua, che per quella, che quella propor-
              <lb/>
            tione, che hauerà l’ombra con tutta l’altezza della ſcala, la medeſima hauer à l’altezza d’un grado, col piano d’un’ altro: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17368" xml:space="preserve">la riuſcita deue ripor-
              <lb/>
            ci in luogo, che tutta la ſtanza ſia uedùta egualmẽte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17369" xml:space="preserve">i lumi delle fineſtre ci uengbino nel mezzo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17370" xml:space="preserve">di numero diſpari. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17371" xml:space="preserve">Hora quanto apar-
              <lb/>
            tiene à Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17372" xml:space="preserve">dico che egli uuole, che dalla ſquadra ſi prenda la miſura delle ſcale, imperoche dal Solaro al piano per linea perpendicolare uuo-
              <lb/>
            le egli, che lo ſpatio ſia in tre parti diuiſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17373" xml:space="preserve">di doue cade il piombo ſi tire una linea, che ſia diuiſa in quattro parti eguali ciaſcuna à ciaſcuna
              <lb/>
            delle tre, ſe adunque dall’ altro capo del piano ſer à tirata una linea alla ſommità perpendicolare, che ſia di cinque parti, allbora ſopra
              <lb/>
            quella compartendo ſi i gradi la ſcala ſarà commoda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17374" xml:space="preserve">proportionata come ci dimostra la figura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17375" xml:space="preserve">Delle ſcale à uuouolo doueria ſimilmente
              <lb/>
            Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17376" xml:space="preserve">hauerne ragionato ſe qui ſtato fuſſe il luogo ſuo, ma quello, che egli ha detto delle ſcale, e ſtato per occaſione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17377" xml:space="preserve">per dimostrare l’uſo del
              <lb/>
            la ſquadra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17378" xml:space="preserve">ſe bene altroue non ne ba detto, non pero ci ha laſciato ſenza occaſione di poter da noi trouar il modo di farle. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17379" xml:space="preserve">Conuengono le
              <lb/>
            ſcale dritte con le torte, con la miſura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17380" xml:space="preserve">proportione de i gradi conuengono nelle apriture, conuengono in altre coſe, ma queſta e la diſſe-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0213-03" xlink:href="note-0213-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            renza, che il fuſto delle ſcale dritte, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17381" xml:space="preserve">chiama ſcapo, e una linea dritta, che dal ſolaro al piano per trauerſo, come diagonale ſi ſtende,
              <lb/>
            ma il ſuſto delle ſcale à lumaca e dritto à piombo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17382" xml:space="preserve">d’mtorno à quello come ad un perno ſono i gradi, queſte ſcale erano ſatte da gli antichi
              <lb/>
            per ſalire à luoghi altisſimi, come ſono colonne, piramidi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17383" xml:space="preserve">altri grandisſimi ediſici. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17384" xml:space="preserve">La pianta di eſſe e come una uoluta, la eleuatione ſi fa
              <lb/>
            da certi punti della uoluta, pero Alberto Durero ce la inſegna nel Primo Libro della ſua Geometria, che noi ponemo ſclamente la figurd, in
              <lb/>
            queſto luoco, dalla cui pianta nelle ſue parti diſtinta ſi puo conſiderare tutta la chiocciola. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17385" xml:space="preserve">Il ſimile auuerrebbe ſe la pianta fuſſe come una uo
              <lb/>
            luta, ilchechiar amente nel detto Alberto ſi uede, ilquale con mir abile industria, ſi ha ſeruito delle coſe di Archimede, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17386" xml:space="preserve">di altri dotti antichi
              <lb/>
            riducendo il tutto ad una pratica merauiglioſa, à chi ben la intende.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17387" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <figure number="107">
            <image file="0213-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0213-01"/>
          </figure>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div602" type="section" level="1" n="109">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head109" xml:space="preserve">CAP. III. COME SI POSSA CONOSCER VNA PORTIONE
            <lb/>
          D’ARGENTO MESCOLATA CON L’ORO
            <lb/>
          FINITA L’OPERA.</head>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17388" xml:space="preserve">ESSENDO ſtate molte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17389" xml:space="preserve">merauiglio ſe inuentioni quelle di Ar-
              <lb/>
            chimede, di tutte con infinita ſolertia quella, che io eſponero pa-
              <lb/>
            re, che troppo ſia ſtata eſpreſſa, imperoche Ierone nobilitato della
              <lb/>
            regia poteſtà nella Città di Siracuſa, eſſendogli proſperamente ſuc
              <lb/>
            ceſſe le coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17390" xml:space="preserve">hauendo deliberato di porre al Tempio una corona
              <lb/>
            d’oro uotiua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17391" xml:space="preserve">conſecrarla à i Dei immortali con grandisſimo
              <lb/>
            precio la diede à fare, dando à peſo l’oro, à, colui, che ſi preſe il preſe il carico. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17392" xml:space="preserve">Queſti al tem-
              <lb/>
            po debito approuò al Re l’opera ſottilmente fatta con le mani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17393" xml:space="preserve">parue, che al giuſto
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0213-05" xlink:href="note-0213-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            il peſo della corona reſtituiſce, ma poi che fu per inditio dimo ſtrato, che leuato l’oro
              <lb/>
            altretanto d’argento in quella ſi era meſcolato, ſdegnatoſi Ierone di eſſer ſtato sbeffa
              <lb/>
            to, ne potendo hauer la ragione, con che egli ſcoprirſe il furto, pregò Archimede, che
              <lb/>
            ſi prendeſſe
              <lb/>
              <figure xlink:label="fig-0213-02" xlink:href="fig-0213-02a" number="108">
                <variables xml:id="echoid-variables38" xml:space="preserve">4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 3 4 5</variables>
              </figure>
            l’aſſonto di
              <lb/>
            riconoſcere
              <lb/>
            tal coſa pen
              <lb/>
            sãdoui mol
              <lb/>
            to ben ſo-
              <lb/>
            pra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17394" xml:space="preserve">Allho
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0213-06" xlink:href="note-0213-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            ra hauendo
              <lb/>
            Archimede
              <lb/>
            la cura di
              <lb/>
            queſto en-
              <lb/>
            trò per ca-
              <lb/>
            ſo in un ba
              <lb/>
            gno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s17395" xml:space="preserve">iui
              <lb/>
            nel ſoglio
              <lb/>
            diſceſo au-
              <lb/>
            uertito gli
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0213-07" xlink:href="note-0213-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            uenne, che
              <lb/>
            quanto del
              <lb/>
            corpo ſuo
              <lb/>
            ci entraua
              <lb/>
            dẽtro, tãto
              <lb/>
            d’acqua </s>
          </p>
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