Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div245" type="section" level="1" n="33">
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8772" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="96" file="0102" n="111" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            riſonanti de Teatri, i Teatrimedeſimi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8773" xml:space="preserve">altre coſe, mi riſolſi di non uoler ingannar me ſteſſo, ma di uoler hauer l’occhio alle mani, come
              <lb/>
            ſi dice, à Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8774" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8775" xml:space="preserve">ueder s’egli haueſſe detto qualche parola al propoſito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8776" xml:space="preserve">in ſomma ritrouasſimo, che una linea, che ci ſa tirar Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8777" xml:space="preserve">era
              <lb/>
            quella, che accennaua i termini d’un quadrato, che ua nell’occhio della Voluta, nelquale ſi ſegnano que centri che il Palladio haueua ritroua-
              <lb/>
            to, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8778" xml:space="preserve">contenti di queſta, con felice corſo ſi peruenne alla ſottilisſima deſcrittione ditutto il Capitello Ionico. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8779" xml:space="preserve">Dico adunque che mandate
              <lb/>
            giu quelle linee che catheti ſi chiamano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8780" xml:space="preserve">quelle che dalle teſte diſcendeno, l’oſſicio delle quali detto hauemo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8781" xml:space="preserve">formato l’occhio, ſi deono
              <lb/>
            mandare ancho alcune altre linee à piombo in queſto modo, prendiſi una parte è mezza delle uẽti, nellequali era diuiſa la larghezza dell’ Aba
              <lb/>
            co, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8782" xml:space="preserve">allargata la ſesta ſi pona un piede nell’ estremit à dell’ Abaco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8783" xml:space="preserve">l’altro alla parte di dentro cioe uerſo l’altra testa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8784" xml:space="preserve">da quel punto ſi
              <lb/>
            mandi in giu una linea, queſtalinea cader à ſoprail Diametro dell’occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8785" xml:space="preserve">lo taglier à in un punto; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8786" xml:space="preserve">queſta linea adunque, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8787" xml:space="preserve">queſto taglio
              <lb/>
            è il lume, che ci da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8788" xml:space="preserve">della Voluta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8789" xml:space="preserve">niuno, che io ſappia, ha dichiarito l’eſſetto di queſta linea, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8790" xml:space="preserve">à che ſine Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8791" xml:space="preserve">ce l’habbia ſatta ſare.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8792" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8793" xml:space="preserve">io dico, che dal centro dell’occhio à quel taglio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8794" xml:space="preserve">da quel taglio alla circon ferenza dell’ occhio ſono eguali ſpacij, perche la linea, ſopra
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0102-01" xlink:href="note-0102-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            laquale e il centro dell’occhio, er a ritirata una parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8795" xml:space="preserve">un quarto dentro dalla teſta dell’ abaco. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8796" xml:space="preserve">queſt’altra linea pur dallamedeſima teſta
              <lb/>
            eraritirata una parte è mezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8797" xml:space="preserve">però ueniua ad auanzare la prima linea piu in entro d’un quarto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8798" xml:space="preserve">cadẽdo adunque ſopra il Diametro dell’occhio,
              <lb/>
            lo taglia in un punto, che era un quarto piu in dẽtro del centro dell’ occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8799" xml:space="preserve">partiua in due parti eguali il Semidiametro dell’occhio, perche l’oc
              <lb/>
            chio era una parte per diametro, la cui meta era mezza di quelle parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8800" xml:space="preserve">il punto, che taglia quella mezza, che era il Semidiametro, lo partiua
              <lb/>
            giuſtamente in due parti, la doue un quarto del Diametro era da quel taglio al centro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8801" xml:space="preserve">da quel taglio alla circonſerenza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8802" xml:space="preserve">Io dico dunque che
              <lb/>
            chi ponerà il piede della ſeſta ſul centro dell’ occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8803" xml:space="preserve">lo allarghera à queltaglio, eriportera quella distanza ſtando ſerma la ſeſtanel cẽtro, del
              <lb/>
            l’altra parte del Semidiametro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8804" xml:space="preserve">di ſopra, et diſotto del Catheto, ſegnera quattro punti in croce, iquali ſeran termini d’un quadrato perſetto,
              <lb/>
            nelquale hanno ad eſſer i dodici centri da tirar la Voluta, ſormato adunque il detto quadrato, è tirate le linee Diagonali, ciaſcuna d’eſſe ſi diui-
              <lb/>
            de in ſei parti eguali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8805" xml:space="preserve">i punti di quelle diuiſioni ſono i centri della uoluta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8806" xml:space="preserve">gli anguli del quadrato ſon i primi centri del primo giro della uo-
              <lb/>
            luta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8807" xml:space="preserve">eſſendo adunque quattro anguli quattro centri ſi danno per il primo giro, deueſi adunque porre la ſeſta ſopra l’angulo deſtro di ſopra
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0102-02" xlink:href="note-0102-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            del quadrato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8808" xml:space="preserve">allargarla ſin, che tocchi il punto ſotto l’abaco doue comincia il catheto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8809" xml:space="preserve">girarla nella parte eſteriore ſin che latocchi il
              <lb/>
            Diametro dell’occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8810" xml:space="preserve">coſi uenir à à ſcemare la metà del Diametro dell’occhio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8811" xml:space="preserve">dipoi ſi riporta l’un p ede della ſeſta al ſiniſtro angulo diſopra
              <lb/>
            del quadrato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8812" xml:space="preserve">ſi ristrigne al punto toccato dal primo giro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8813" xml:space="preserve">fermata ſopra il detto angulo ſi uolge ſin al catheto dalla parte inſeriore, et que
              <lb/>
            ſti giri Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8814" xml:space="preserve">chiama tetranti, perche uanno di quarto in quarto dell’occhio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8815" xml:space="preserve">queſto ſecondo tetrante ſcema ancho egli la meta dell’occhio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8816" xml:space="preserve">di
              <lb/>
            modo, che in queſti due tetranti il giro ha ſcemato la grandezza d’un occhio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8817" xml:space="preserve">Si diſcende poi all’angulo di ſotto del quadrato, ilqual è il ſini-
              <lb/>
            stro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8818" xml:space="preserve">iui fatto il centro, ſi riſtrigne la ſesta al termine gia fatto nel catheto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8819" xml:space="preserve">d’indi ſi uolge ſin al terzo tetrante che termmanel Dia-
              <lb/>
            metro alla parte deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8820" xml:space="preserve">coſi ancho ſi ſcema la metà del Diametro dell’occhio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8821" xml:space="preserve">di modo che fin hora con tre giri ſi ha ſcemato un Diametro
              <lb/>
            è mezzo dell’occhio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8822" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente ſi fa centro nel quarto angulo del quadrato che è il destro di ſotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8823" xml:space="preserve">riſtretta la ſeſta al punto laſciato
              <lb/>
            nel Diametro, la ſi uolge al punto diſopra nel catheto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8824" xml:space="preserve">ſcem a tutta uia la metà dell’ occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8825" xml:space="preserve">coſi la uoluta ha il primo ſuo giro in quat-
              <lb/>
            tro tetranti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8826" xml:space="preserve">ha ſcemato lo ſpacio di due Diametri dell’occhio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8827" xml:space="preserve">Horaper fare il ſecondo giro della Voluta ſi ſa centro nel primo punto
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0102-03" xlink:href="note-0102-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            della Diagonale che è deſtro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8828" xml:space="preserve">diſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8829" xml:space="preserve">ſi ripiglia ſul catheto il punto laſciato dall’ultimo tetrante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8830" xml:space="preserve">ſi uolge uerſo la ſiniſtra di ſuori
              <lb/>
            fin al Diametro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8831" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8832" xml:space="preserve">questo giro ſcema un terzo dell’occhio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8833" xml:space="preserve">poi ſi fa centro ſopra il primo punto dell’ altra Diagonale ſotto l’angulo ſinistro
              <lb/>
            che è diſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8834" xml:space="preserve">ſi gira al catheto di ſotto l’occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8835" xml:space="preserve">coſi ſcema un’altro terzo del Diametro poi ſi ſa centro nel primo punto ſopra l’an-
              <lb/>
            gulo ſiniſtro di ſotto nella Diagonale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8836" xml:space="preserve">ſi ripiglia il punto laſciato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8837" xml:space="preserve">ſi fa l’altro tetrante, che pur ſcema un terzo, ſopra il Diametro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8838" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8839" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            finalmente ſi fa centro ſopra il primo punto dopo l’angulo deſtro di ſotto nella Diagonale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8840" xml:space="preserve">ſi gira al catheto diſopra ſotto l’abaco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8841" xml:space="preserve">ſce-
              <lb/>
            ma tutta uia un terzo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8842" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8843" xml:space="preserve">coſi la Voluta ha fatto due giri fimti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8844" xml:space="preserve">ſcemato tre Diametri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8845" xml:space="preserve">un terzo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8846" xml:space="preserve">L’ultimo giro della Voluia ſcema
              <lb/>
            un ſeſto per ogni tetrante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8847" xml:space="preserve">ſi fa ne gli ultimi punti ſegnati nelle Diagonali cominciando della deſtra ſotto l’abaco, nella parte diſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8848" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            terminando nella deſtra ſotto l’abaco nella parte diſopra dell’occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8849" xml:space="preserve">coſi quattro ſeſti ſcemando, ſan due terzi, iquali aggiunti al terzo,
              <lb/>
            che auanzaua, ſanno un’intiero, che gionto alli tre intieri, fan quattro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8850" xml:space="preserve">coſi in tre giri la Voluta ha ſcemato quattro Diametri dell’occhio,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8851" xml:space="preserve">di necesſita termina ſotto l’abaco nella circonſerenza dell’occhio diſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8852" xml:space="preserve">con la isteſſa ragione ſi ſa la larghezza di quella Voluta ſtri-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0102-04" xlink:href="note-0102-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            gnendo la ſeſta la metà dell’occhio dal primo giro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8853" xml:space="preserve">facendo gli iſtesſi centri con lo iſteſſo ordine. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8854" xml:space="preserve">finito l’Abaco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8855" xml:space="preserve">la Voluta biſogna far’il
              <lb/>
            Canale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8856" xml:space="preserve">la Cimaſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8857" xml:space="preserve">l’Aſtragalo, cio è il tondino della Colonna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8858" xml:space="preserve">l’Apophige della Colonna, Sotto l’occhio adunque deue terminare
              <lb/>
            l’Aſtragalo ò tondino, adunque tre parti del catheto resteran diſotto il tondino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8859" xml:space="preserve">ſei & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8860" xml:space="preserve">mezzo diſopra, perche il catheto era partito in
              <lb/>
            noue parti è mezza, occupandone l’Abaco una è mezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8861" xml:space="preserve">reſtando tre di ſotto iltõdino, che ſon quattro è mezza reſta che cinque ſiano ſot
              <lb/>
            to l’Abaco, trail termine dello Aſtragalo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8862" xml:space="preserve">il termine dell’ Abaco, diqueſte cinque il Canale ne occupa una & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8863" xml:space="preserve">mezza, la Cimaſa due & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8864" xml:space="preserve">un
              <lb/>
            quarto, il Tondino tre quarti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8865" xml:space="preserve">la larghezza della Voluta mezza, che posti inſieme fanno cinque intieri, il Canale è diſopra la Cimaſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8866" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſi chiama Canale, perche è incauato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8867" xml:space="preserve">il ſuo cauo è tanto proſondo quanto è la duodecima partedell’ altezza della Voluta, cioè una duodeci-
              <lb/>
            ma parte delle otto, che restauano ſotto l’Abaco. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8868" xml:space="preserve">Tagliato adunque il Canale resta la Cimaſa, queſta i Moderni chiaman Vuouolo, perche è
              <lb/>
            ſcolpita d’alcune coſe che asſimigliano all’uuoua, ma è come un onda picciola, però i Greci la chiamano Cimatium, i Latini Echinus, perche è
              <lb/>
            come ho detto intagliato il Riccio di Caſtagna aperto, lo ſporto di queſta Cimaſa è per la grandezza dell’ occhio fuori dello ſporto dell’ Abaco.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8869" xml:space="preserve">
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0102-05" xlink:href="note-0102-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8870" xml:space="preserve">però Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8871" xml:space="preserve">ſece tirare dalle teſte dell’ abaco quelle linee che io ho detto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8872" xml:space="preserve">perche ſi uedeſſe lo ſporto della Cimaſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8873" xml:space="preserve">la uolta della quale ſi ſa
              <lb/>
            tutta uia à ſesta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8874" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8875" xml:space="preserve">in queſto modo, tirato lo ſporto di eſſa ſotto il Canale quanto è il Diametro dell’ occhio ſuori dello ſporto dell’ Abaco. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8876" xml:space="preserve">ſi pi
              <lb/>
            glia con la ſeſta, la ſua altezza, laquale, come ho detto, è due parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8877" xml:space="preserve">un quarto delle otto del catheto ſotto l’ Abaco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8878" xml:space="preserve">la ſua linea di ſotto
              <lb/>
            termina nel catheto doue comincia l’Aſtragalo, ò tondino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8879" xml:space="preserve">poſto un piede nella detta catheto, ſi tira una parte di circonſerenza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8880" xml:space="preserve">poi ſi ſer-
              <lb/>
            ma la ſeſta nella linea diſopra doue ſporta la Cimaſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8881" xml:space="preserve">ſi tira una parte di circonſerenza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8882" xml:space="preserve">la doue ſono queſte due circonſerenze inſieme
              <lb/>
            tagliate, iui è il centro da tirare il giro della Cimaſa, ſopra laquale s’inuolge la Voluta, però ella ſporta in ſuori, come una coſa tenera ſopra
              <lb/>
            una dura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8883" xml:space="preserve">S’intaglia la Cimaſa con quelli Vuouoli, ò Ricci à queſto modo, che tra una uoluta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8884" xml:space="preserve">l’altra ne ſian tre intieri, de quali uno ſia
              <lb/>
            nel mezzo, gli altri due dalle parti deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8885" xml:space="preserve">ſiniſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8886" xml:space="preserve">eſchino dalle Volute diſopra alcune ſoglie alla parte di dentro, che gli abbracciano.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8887" xml:space="preserve">Sia poi lauorato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8888" xml:space="preserve">intagliato l’Aſtragalo, ò tondino con ſuſaioli, ò con qualche altra ſorte ditaglio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8889" xml:space="preserve">ma di queſte coſe l’Antico ce ne può dar
              <lb/>
            molti eſſempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8890" xml:space="preserve">molte regole ſecondo la oſſeruatione de boni diſſegnatori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8891" xml:space="preserve">Sotto la Cimaſa, è lo Aſtragalo ò tondino alto tre quarti d’un del-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0102-06" xlink:href="note-0102-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            le otto parti, nellequali era diuiſa la catheto ſotto l’Abaco, il centro di eſſo è nel catheto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8892" xml:space="preserve">ſotto quello, è il Liſtello dell’ Apophige, ò Colla-
              <lb/>
            rino, che ſidica, ilquale non ſporta oltra il catheto, è alto per la metà dell’ altezza del Tondino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8893" xml:space="preserve">ſi riduce con la ſua piega, alraſtremamen
              <lb/>
            to della Colonna diſopra, colmodo ſopradetto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8894" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8895" xml:space="preserve">perche imaginamo, che la Voluta ſia come un piumazzo riuolto ſopra un baſtone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8896" xml:space="preserve">le-
              <lb/>
            gato nel mezzo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8897" xml:space="preserve">però Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8898" xml:space="preserve">ci da la groſſezza di quel bastone, che egli chiama aſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8899" xml:space="preserve">uuole, che egli non ſia piu groſſo del Diametro del-
              <lb/>
            l’occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8900" xml:space="preserve">che le cinte, eglichiama balthei, che ſono dai lati, non ſportino piu della Cimaſa, dimodo, che poſto il piede della ſeſta, nel mez
              <lb/>
            zo del quadro del Capitello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8901" xml:space="preserve">allargatala allo ſporto della Cimaſa, raggirandoſi tocchi l’estremità delle cinte, come ſi uede nella Pianta del
              <lb/>
            Capitello al punto a che è il centro del tetrante il punto b, è lo ſporto della Cimaſa, ilqual girando tocca i balthei, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8902" xml:space="preserve">le cinte della uoluta, co-
              <lb/>
            me ſi uede al punto c, il reſto della Pianta dimoſtra le altre parti, come il d e, l’ abaco, la ſ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8903" xml:space="preserve">g, l’inuoglio della Voluta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8904" xml:space="preserve">coſi il reſto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8905" xml:space="preserve">La
              <lb/>
            ſorma granda di queſta Voluta ſarà nel ſin del Libro, ſegnata delle ſopra nominate lettere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8906" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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