Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3492" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="36" file="0040" n="42" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            re, che dichiarito ſia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3493" xml:space="preserve">eſpreſſo di che maniera egli prende il numero, inomi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3494" xml:space="preserve">le parti de uenti d’onde ſpi-
              <lb/>
            rino determinatamente, laqual coſa eſſendoſi in queſto modo inueſtigata, accioche ſi ſappia prendere le regio-
              <lb/>
            ni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3495" xml:space="preserve">i naſcimenti loro, coſi biſogna diſcorrere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3496" xml:space="preserve">Poſto ſia nel mezzo della città à liuello un piano quadro di mar-
              <lb/>
            mo, ò uero il luogo ſia ſpianato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3497" xml:space="preserve">pareggiato in modo, che il detto quadro Amuſio detto, non ſi deſideri, põgaſi poi
              <lb/>
            nel mezzo centro di eſſo uno ſtile di rame, che dimoſtri l’ombra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3498" xml:space="preserve">ſopra il detto quadro ſegniſi l’ombra eſtrema
              <lb/>
            fatta dallo ſtile quaſi l’hom quinta ante meridiana, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3499" xml:space="preserve">facciaſi con un punto il ſegno, dapoi rallargata la ſeſta al pun
              <lb/>
            to, che è ſegno della lunghezza dell’ombra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3500" xml:space="preserve">fermata nel centro ſacciaſi il giro finito: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3501" xml:space="preserve">dapoi ſia oſſeruato dopo il
              <lb/>
            meriggie l’ombra creſcente cagionata da queſto ſtile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3502" xml:space="preserve">quando quella hauerà toccato il giro gia fatto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3503" xml:space="preserve">hauerà pa
              <lb/>
            reggiato all’ombra antemeridiana quella fatta dapoi mezzo giorno, far biſogna in quel toccare un punto, da queſti
              <lb/>
            due ſegni con la ſeſta due ſegni in crocicchiati far ſi deono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3504" xml:space="preserve">per tale incrociamento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3505" xml:space="preserve">per lo centro nel mezzo ſi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0040-01" xlink:href="note-0040-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            deue tirare una linea, che tocchi l’eſtremità del cerchio, accioche s’habbia il mezzo giorno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3506" xml:space="preserve">la trammontana. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3507" xml:space="preserve">Fat-
              <lb/>
            to queſto biſogna pigliare la ſeſta decima di tutta la linea circolare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3508" xml:space="preserve">porre il centro nella linea del meriggie, laqua
              <lb/>
            le tocca la circonferenza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3509" xml:space="preserve">ſi deue ſegnare dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3510" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra nella ditta circonferenza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3511" xml:space="preserve">dalla parte del
              <lb/>
            mezzo di, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3512" xml:space="preserve">dalla parte della trammontana: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3513" xml:space="preserve">da poi da queſti quattro ſegni per mezzo del centro ſi deono tirare in
              <lb/>
            croce le linee, che con le loro eſtremità tocchino la circonferenza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3514" xml:space="preserve">à queſto modo ſi hauerà il diſſegno dell’ottaua
              <lb/>
            parte dell’Oſtro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3515" xml:space="preserve">della Trammontana, le altre parti ueramente, che ſono tre dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3516" xml:space="preserve">tre dalla ſiniſtra eguali
              <lb/>
            à queſte ſi deono in tutto la circonferenza diſtribuire, in modo, che l’eguali diuiſioni degli otto uenti ſiano nel de-
              <lb/>
            ſcriuere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3517" xml:space="preserve">compartire, diſſegnate, all’hora per gli anguli tra due regioni de i uenti, pare, che drizzar ſi deueno le
              <lb/>
            dritture delle piazze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3518" xml:space="preserve">i capi delle uie, perche con tai ragioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3519" xml:space="preserve">compartendo à quel modo, dalle ſtanze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3520" xml:space="preserve">da i bor-
              <lb/>
            ghi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3521" xml:space="preserve">contrade ſarà eſcluſa la moleſta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3522" xml:space="preserve">noioſa forza dei uenti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3523" xml:space="preserve">altrimenti quando le piazze per dritto dei uenti
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0040-02" xlink:href="note-0040-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            ſaranno diſſegnate, l’impeto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3524" xml:space="preserve">il ſoffiar frequente uenendo dallo ampio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3525" xml:space="preserve">libero ſpatio del Cielo rinchiuſo nelle
              <lb/>
            bocche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3526" xml:space="preserve">nelle entrate delle uie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3527" xml:space="preserve">delle ſtrade, andrà con piu forzeuole mouimento uagando, per ilche le dritture
              <lb/>
            de i borghi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3528" xml:space="preserve">delle uicinanze deono eſſer riuolte dalle regioni de i uenti, accioche peruenendo quelli à gli anguli del
              <lb/>
            le Iſole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3529" xml:space="preserve">alle cantonate de i capi delle uie ſieno rotti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3530" xml:space="preserve">eſpulſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3531" xml:space="preserve">disſipati.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3532" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3533" xml:space="preserve">Nella preſente conſideratione, i me pare, che biſogna ſapere le qualità de i uenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3534" xml:space="preserve">gli effetti, che fanno in diuerſi luoghi, percioche per darne
              <lb/>
            lo eſſempio, l’Oſtro in alcuni luoghi è mortale, in altrinò coſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3535" xml:space="preserve">Borea è ſano in Venetia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3536" xml:space="preserve">altroue dannoſo, però nelle dritture delle strade biſo
              <lb/>
            gna hauer queſta conſideratione; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3537" xml:space="preserve">ſe forſe nò uogliamo dire, che ogni uento ſia noioſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3538" xml:space="preserve">mal ſano: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3539" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3540" xml:space="preserve">adunque ha conſiderato l’uniuerſale,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3541" xml:space="preserve">bene, perche il particolare ſi deue conſiderare da i particolari, iquali ſecondo le loro compleßioni ſaper deono qual uento gli ſia gioueuole,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3542" xml:space="preserve">qual non? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3543" xml:space="preserve">Dichiarano i preceti de medicile qualità de i uenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3544" xml:space="preserve">dimoſtrano qual uento à qual compleßione ouero nuoca, ouero ſia digio
              <lb/>
            uamento: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3545" xml:space="preserve">lo à quelli mando i curioſi, ò ſtudioſi di queſte coſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3546" xml:space="preserve">Hauẽdo fin qui Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3547" xml:space="preserve">dataci intentione del drizzare le ſtrade, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3548" xml:space="preserve">le uie, uuole piu
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0040-03" xlink:href="note-0040-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            partitamente ſare il medeſimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3549" xml:space="preserve">formarne la ſua ſigura: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3550" xml:space="preserve">Ma prima ua indagando, ſe per ſorte ſi troua piu numero di uenti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3551" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3552" xml:space="preserve">dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3553" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3554" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſorſe quelli, che hanno piu nomi di uenti conoſciuti prenderanno marauiglia, che io detto habbia otto ſoli uentiri
              <lb/>
            trouarſi, ma ſe auertiranno il circuito di tutta la terra eſſere ſtato da Eratoſtene Cireneo cõ mathematiche ragioni, et
              <lb/>
            uie ritrouato per lo corſo del Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3555" xml:space="preserve">per l’ombre dello ſtile equinottiale dalla inclinatione del cielo eſſere di ſtadi du
              <lb/>
            cento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3556" xml:space="preserve">cinquanta due mila, che ſono pasſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3557" xml:space="preserve">31500000. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3558" xml:space="preserve">trenta una fiata mille migliaia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3559" xml:space="preserve">cinquecento fiate mille, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3560" xml:space="preserve">di
              <lb/>
            queſti la ottaua parte da un uento eſſer occupata, che è di pasſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3561" xml:space="preserve">3937500. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3562" xml:space="preserve">tre mila miglia nouecento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3563" xml:space="preserve">trentaſette mi
              <lb/>
            la, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3564" xml:space="preserve">cinquecento, non ſi doueriano marauigliare, ſe in tãto grande ſpatio un uento uagando col ceſſare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3565" xml:space="preserve">col rit-
              <lb/>
            torno farà uarie mutationi di ſoſſiare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3566" xml:space="preserve">però cerca l’Oſtro dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3567" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra è il uento detto Leuconotus,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3568" xml:space="preserve">il uẽto nominato Altanus: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3569" xml:space="preserve">d’intorno allo Affrico ſoſſia il Libonoto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3570" xml:space="preserve">quello, che ſi chiama Sub ueſperus: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3571" xml:space="preserve">d’intor-
              <lb/>
            no al Fauonio ſpira l’Argeſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3572" xml:space="preserve">à certi tempi l’Etheſie; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3573" xml:space="preserve">da i lati del Cauro ſta il Circio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3574" xml:space="preserve">il Coro; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3575" xml:space="preserve">circa il Settentrione
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0040-04" xlink:href="note-0040-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            uno è che ſi chiama Thraſcias, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3576" xml:space="preserve">l’altro Gallico dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3577" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra dello Aquilone ſoffia il Borea, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3578" xml:space="preserve">il Su-
              <lb/>
            pernate: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3579" xml:space="preserve">d’intorno il Solano è Carbas, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3580" xml:space="preserve">à certi tempi le Ornithie; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3581" xml:space="preserve">ma dello Euro, che tiene le parti di mezzo dalle
              <lb/>
            bande ſtanno Cecia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3582" xml:space="preserve">Volturno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3583" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3584" xml:space="preserve">In questo luogo Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3585" xml:space="preserve">riſponde à quello, che ſe gli potrebbe opporre circa il numero de i uenti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3586" xml:space="preserve">Potrebbe dire
              <lb/>
              <figure xlink:label="fig-0040-01" xlink:href="fig-0040-01a" number="13">
                <description xml:id="echoid-description21" xml:space="preserve">A Aleſſandria.
                  <lb/>
                B Siene.
                  <lb/>
                A D il Gnomone.
                  <lb/>
                C il Centro del Mondo.
                  <lb/>
                F H C D G. iraggi del Sole.
                  <lb/>
                A D G A C B. gli
                  <lb/>
                Anguli corriſpondenti.</description>
                <variables xml:id="echoid-variables4" xml:space="preserve">e f d b a c</variables>
              </figure>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0040-05" xlink:href="note-0040-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            alcuno, ò Vitr tu hai noueratti ſolamente otto uenti, ma dei ſapere, che ne ſono molti altri anchora cono-
              <lb/>
            ſciuti, però non doueui affermare cio che detto hai: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3587" xml:space="preserve">Riſponde Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3588" xml:space="preserve">che molto bene puo ſtar quello, che
              <lb/>
            egli ha detto del numero de i uenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3589" xml:space="preserve">che ancho altri uenti ſieno conoſciuti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3590" xml:space="preserve">la ragione è queſta, perche
              <lb/>
            nonè marauiglia, ſe uno uento ſteſſo uagando per grandißimo ſpacio col ceſsare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3591" xml:space="preserve">col rittorno ſaccia di-
              <lb/>
            uerſamente ſoffiando molte uarietà, dalle quali ſi prendino diuerſi nomi di uenti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3592" xml:space="preserve">ma direbbe alcuno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3593" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            che ſpatio e coſi grande, per ilquale hada uagare il uento? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3594" xml:space="preserve">Riſponde quello eſſer l’ottaua parte di tutto il gi
              <lb/>
            ro della terra, laquale ottaua parte é miglia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3595" xml:space="preserve">3937. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3596" xml:space="preserve">Prendendo adunque iuenti per lo grande ſpatio qualche
              <lb/>
            mutatione ouero per gli monti oppoſti, ouero per l’altezza della terra, o per qualche altra cagione non ſi
              <lb/>
            douemo marauigliare ſe da i lati de gli otto uenti altri ne ſono ſtati collocati-come narra Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3597" xml:space="preserve">ſin al nume
              <lb/>
            ro di uentiquattro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3598" xml:space="preserve">come appare per la ſottopoſta figura, et accioche s’intenda queſto; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3599" xml:space="preserve">dice egli, che
              <lb/>
            Erathoſtene Cireneo, che fu grandißimo mathematico, rittrouò con uie, et modi ragioneuoli tutto il giro, et
              <lb/>
            circuito della terra eſſer stadi ducento cinquanta due mila, che ſono miglia trent’un mila, et cinquecẽto, per
              <lb/>
            che otto ſtadi ſono un miglio, et ſono paßi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3600" xml:space="preserve">31500000. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3601" xml:space="preserve">perche mille paßi fanno un miglio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3602" xml:space="preserve">il paſſo è di cin
              <lb/>
            que piedi, l’ottaua parte di tutto il circuito è di miglia 3937. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3603" xml:space="preserve">che ſono paſſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3604" xml:space="preserve">3937500. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3605" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3606" xml:space="preserve">queſto è lo ſpa-
              <lb/>
            tio grande, che egli dice, ma in che modo per lo corſo del Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3607" xml:space="preserve">per l’ombre dello ſtile equinottiale. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3608" xml:space="preserve">Era
              <lb/>
            thoſthene rittrouaſſe con ragioni Mathemathiche dalla inclinatione del Cielo il circuito della terra, hora è
              <lb/>
            al propoſito noſtro dichiarire, benche altroue queſto fatto habbiamo maniſesto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3609" xml:space="preserve">Erathostene preſe due luo
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0040-06" xlink:href="note-0040-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            ghi in Egitto, Aleßandria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3610" xml:space="preserve">Siene, iquali due luoghi ſono quaſi ſotto un’isteſſo meridiano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3611" xml:space="preserve">dallo ſpatio,
              <lb/>
            che è tra un luogo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3612" xml:space="preserve">l’altro egli traſſe tutta la circonſerenza della terra, drizzòadunque ſopra la terra
              <lb/>
            in Aleſſandria lo gnomone. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3613" xml:space="preserve">Dipoi egli nel mezzo di appunto quando il Sole è nel principio del Cãcro con
              <lb/>
            ſider aua due r aggi ſolari, uno, che cadeua ſopra Siene a piombo, perche Siene ė ſotto il tropico, l’altro, che
              <lb/>
            cadeua ſopra la punta dello ſtile drizzato in Aleſſandria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3614" xml:space="preserve">gettaua l’ombra uerſo Settentrione perche
              <lb/>
            Aleſſandria è di qua dal Tropico di Cancro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3615" xml:space="preserve">per ragione del gnomone all’ombra per uia Geometrica
              <lb/>
            egli trouò, che l’angulo compreſo ſotto il gnomone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3616" xml:space="preserve">ſotto’raggio ſolare, erala cinquanteſima parte
              <lb/>
            di quattro anguli dritti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3617" xml:space="preserve">però eſſendo queſto angulo eguale à quello, che nel centro della terra ſa il rag-
              <lb/>
            gio, che diſcende per Siene inſieme col gnomone d’Aleſſandria imaginato continuare fin’al centrodella ter
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0040-07" xlink:href="note-0040-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            ra, imperoche eſſendo i raggi quaſi paralelli, gl’anguli erano corriſpondẽti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3618" xml:space="preserve">ſimili, era neceſſario, che que
              <lb/>
            llo ſpatio di circonferenza, che era da Siene ad Aleſſandria ſuſſe la cinquanteſima del tutto, et peròmiſura-
              <lb/>
            ta quelia parte eſſer di 5000 stadi ſeguita, che tutta lo circonſerenza ſiadi 250000. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3619" xml:space="preserve">ſtadi, che ſono.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3620" xml:space="preserve">31250. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3621" xml:space="preserve">miglia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3622" xml:space="preserve">coſi ſi può acconciare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3623" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3624" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3625" xml:space="preserve">Plinio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3626" xml:space="preserve">ſe é diuerſità tra gli Autori penſo, che la
              <lb/>
            uenga dalla diuerſità delle miſure, la ſigura della dimostratione di Erathostene é la ſeguente.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3627" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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