Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Page concordance

< >
Scan Original
71 63
72 64
73 65
74 66
75 67
76 68
77
78
79
80 69
81 70
82
83
84 71
85 72
86 73
87 74
88 75
89 76
90 77
91
92 78
93 79
94 79
95 80
96 81
97 82
98 83
99 84
100 85
< >
page |< < (186) of 325 > >|
    <echo version="1.0RC">
      <text xml:lang="it" type="free">
        <div xml:id="echoid-div517" type="section" level="1" n="81">
          <pb o="186" file="0196" n="205" rhead="LIBRO"/>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15611" xml:space="preserve">Varie ſono le maniere de i uolti, e camere, noidouemo cercare, che differenza ſiatra quelle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15612" xml:space="preserve">quali ſiano le linee de i contorni loro, le ſorti
              <lb/>
            loro ſono la fornice, la camera, l’hemiſpero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15613" xml:space="preserve">quelle uolte, che ſono parti di queſte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15614" xml:space="preserve">L’hemiſpero, ò mezza palla non uiene per ſua natura
              <lb/>
            ſe non dalle piante circolari. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15615" xml:space="preserve">La camera ſi deue alle piante quadrate, le fornici conuengono a quegli edifici, che ſon quadrangolari, ma quel
              <lb/>
            uolto, che è fatto à ſimiglianza d’un monte cauato, è detto fornice, che è un uolto longo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15616" xml:space="preserve">piegato in arco. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15617" xml:space="preserve">Imaginamoci un parete lar-
              <lb/>
            ghisſimo, che dalla cima ſi uolti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15618" xml:space="preserve">ſi pieghi attrauerſo d’un portico. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15619" xml:space="preserve">Camera è come un’arco, che da Mezzodi à Trammontana ſi pieghi,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15620" xml:space="preserve">che ne habbia ſimilmente attrauerſato un’altro da Leuante à Ponente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15621" xml:space="preserve">e à ſimiglianza delle corna piegate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15622" xml:space="preserve">Hemiſpero e il concorſo
              <lb/>
            di molti archi eguali in un centro del colmo di mezzo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15623" xml:space="preserve">Ciſono ancho molte altre maniere di uolti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15624" xml:space="preserve">di archi, che fanno mostra di figure di
              <lb/>
            molti anguli, dellequali è una iſteſſa ragione deluoltarli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15625" xml:space="preserve">tutte le predette maniere ſi fanno con laragione, che ſi fa il parete, imperoche i
              <lb/>
            ſoſtegni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15626" xml:space="preserve">l’oſſa, che uengono ſino alla ſommita deono leuarſi dall’oſſa del parete, ma ſecondo il modo loro deono nel parete eſſer’impoſti,
              <lb/>
            cioe in quella forma, che uolemo dar al uolto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15627" xml:space="preserve">queste oſſa deono eſſer drizzate diſtanti una dall’altra, per un certo ſpatio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15628" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15629" xml:space="preserve">dice Aſſeri
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-01" xlink:href="note-0196-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            drizzati non lontani uno dall’altro piu di due piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15630" xml:space="preserve">ſono trauicelli alti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15631" xml:space="preserve">stretti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15632" xml:space="preserve">dice queſti Aſſeri quando ſeranno diſtribuiti ſecon-
              <lb/>
            do la forma del giro cioe ſecondo quella maniera di uolto, che uolemo fare, deono con catene eſſer legati, queste catene ſono legature di legni
              <lb/>
            poste nelle ſommita di detti trauicelli, accioche ſi tenghino inſieme. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15633" xml:space="preserve">Siano queſti chiodati al tetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15634" xml:space="preserve">tauolato di ſopra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15635" xml:space="preserve">Et que ſpatij tra l’oſſa
              <lb/>
            uuole l’Alberto, che ſiano riempiti, ma ui é differenza tra gli empiementi, che ſi fanno ne i pareti, ò muri, da quelli, che ſi fanno tra que ſte
              <lb/>
            oſſa, imperoche nel muro uanno dritti à piombo, qui piegati, e torti, ſecondo la forma de i uolti, uole ancho che l’oſſa ſian di pietra cotta
              <lb/>
            di due piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15636" xml:space="preserve">iriempimenti di leggierisſima pietra, per non caricare il muro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15637" xml:space="preserve">Dice poi, che per fare gli archi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15638" xml:space="preserve">i uolti, è neceſſario l’ar-
              <lb/>
            matura, che è fatta di legname ſecondo la forma, che ſi uuole, ſopra queſta ſi pongono le Craticole di canne, per ſostenere quella materia di
              <lb/>
            che ſi fa il uolto, fin che s’induriſca, uuole che la mezza palla non habbia biſogno d’armatura, ne quelle forme, che uanno imitando quel
              <lb/>
            che ſon di molti anguli, ma bene ſa biſogno d’una legatura, ò tesſitura, che legbi ſtrettisſimamente le parti debili, con le ferme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15639" xml:space="preserve">ga-
              <lb/>
            gliarde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15640" xml:space="preserve">iui cõmenda la forma dell’Hemiſpero, dice poi, che la teſtugine, la camera, la fornice hanno biſogno d’armature, riccommandando i
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-02" xlink:href="note-0196-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            primi ordini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15641" xml:space="preserve">i capi de gli archi à fermisſime imposte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15642" xml:space="preserve">da alcuni precetti d’intorno a queſta materia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15643" xml:space="preserve">di leuar l’armature, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15644" xml:space="preserve">di riem
              <lb/>
            pir i uani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15645" xml:space="preserve">di fortificar gli archi, i quali precetti ſono chiari à praticanti, noi uſamo gli archi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15646" xml:space="preserve">i uolti, le crocciere, le cube, i rimenati,
              <lb/>
            le uolte à lunette ſecondo le nature de gli edifici, come è noto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15647" xml:space="preserve">Formata la camera, cioe quella curuatura di uolto, come ci piace, ſi copre
              <lb/>
            il cielo di ſotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15648" xml:space="preserve">ſi da di ſopra quello, che dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15649" xml:space="preserve">dapoi ſi ſanno le cornici à torno di ſtucco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15650" xml:space="preserve">non ui entra geſſo di ſorte alcuna, ſotto
              <lb/>
            le cornici, lequali deono eſſer leggieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15651" xml:space="preserve">di ſottil materia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15652" xml:space="preserve">non hauer molto ſporto, perche non ſi rompino caricate dal peſo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15653" xml:space="preserve">Si deue
              <lb/>
            hauer cura de intonicar i pareti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15654" xml:space="preserve">in queſta parte è molto diffuſo il detto Alberto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15655" xml:space="preserve">Manoi ſtaremo con Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15656" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15657" xml:space="preserve">diremo la ſua intentione
              <lb/>
            da capo, laqual è di apparecchiare i uolti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15658" xml:space="preserve">le camere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15659" xml:space="preserve">dice, che egli ſi deue drizzare alcuni trauicelli diſtanti due piedi uno dall’altro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15660" xml:space="preserve">ſia
              <lb/>
            no di Cipreſſo per eſſer legno, che non ſi tarla, ne ſi guaſta, queſti trauicelli deono eßer cõpartiti à torno la stanza con catene di legno fin al ta
              <lb/>
            uolato, ò tetto con ſpesſi chiodi di ferro confitti, uuole che queſte catene ſieno, ò di Boſſo, ò di Oliua, ò di Cipreſſo, ò di Rouere, ma non di
              <lb/>
            Quercia, perche ſi fende, ne d’altro legname, che patiſca. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15661" xml:space="preserve">Fornite le legature, è diſpoſti i trauicelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15662" xml:space="preserve">confitti fin ſotto il tauolato, biſogna
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-03" xlink:href="note-0196-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            con ſtore di ſparto Hiſpano, che è una ſorte di giunco, ò con cãne Greche, pistate, et ſono (penſo io) di quelle, che noi chiamamo canne uere, ſi
              <lb/>
            adoperano ſimile uolti in romagna da loro quella forma, che ſi uuole, perche queſta è materia, che ſi piega, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15663" xml:space="preserve">che ſi maneggia come ſi uuole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15664" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            coſi formato il cielo, ſi bãno due ſuperficie una di ſopra cõueſſa, che guarda al tetto, l’altra di ſotto concaua, che guarda il pauimẽto, quella di ſo
              <lb/>
            pra è coperta con calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15665" xml:space="preserve">arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15666" xml:space="preserve">ſmaltata, accioche diſendad liparte di ſopra dalle g@ccia
              <unsure/>
            , che @adeſſero
              <unsure/>
            dal colmo ò dalle trauature Etc@ſi,
              <lb/>
            ſera eſpedita la parte di ſopra; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15667" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15668" xml:space="preserve">quando non ci fusſino canne Greche, uſeremo le cannuccie delle paludi, delle quali ſi faranno come craticule
              <lb/>
            inſieme legate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15669" xml:space="preserve">annodate cõ cordicelle, ò giunchi ritorti, purche i nodi non ſieno distaãti l’uno dall’altro piu di due piedi, queſte mataſſe, ò crati
              <lb/>
            cule ſiano fitte à gli Aſſeri, con pironi di legno, che Spathelle, ò Cortelli ſi chiamano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15670" xml:space="preserve">Quanto ueramente alla parte di ſotto ſi richiede, cioè
              <lb/>
            ſotto il cielo, è darui la ſmaltatura di calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15671" xml:space="preserve">d’arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15672" xml:space="preserve">coſi di mano in mano coprire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15673" xml:space="preserve">d’arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15674" xml:space="preserve">di marmo piſto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15675" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente polito,
              <lb/>
            e biancheggiato il uolto, ſi deono far le cornici d’intorno ſottilisſime, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15676" xml:space="preserve">quanto ſi puo leggieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15677" xml:space="preserve">picciole, imperoche, ſe fuſſero grandi por
              <lb/>
            terebbe pericolo, che per lo peſo non ſi ſtaccaſſero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15678" xml:space="preserve">pero biſogna auuertire di non farle digeſſo, ma di marmo criuellato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15679" xml:space="preserve">dato egual-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-04" xlink:href="note-0196-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            mente di un tenore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15680" xml:space="preserve">d’una groſſezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15681" xml:space="preserve">accioche ancho egualmente ſi ſecchi, perche quando una parte preueniſſe l’altra, non
              <lb/>
            egualmente ſi ſeccherebbeno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15682" xml:space="preserve">La leggierezza loro difende ancho gli habitanti dal pericolo, perche le coruici grandi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15683" xml:space="preserve">larghe ſi poſſo-
              <lb/>
            no per qualche accidente ſtaccare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15684" xml:space="preserve">cader adoſſo, à chi ſta nelle camere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15685" xml:space="preserve">Delle Cornici altre ſi faceuano ſchiette, altre lauorate, le ſchiette
              <lb/>
            ſtan bene in luoghi doue è fumo, lumi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15686" xml:space="preserve">polue, accioche meglio ſi posſino far nette. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15687" xml:space="preserve">Le lauorate à fogliami, ò à figure ſtan bene nelle ſtan-
              <lb/>
            ze della state, perche iui non ui è fumo, ne lume, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15688" xml:space="preserve">è coſa incredibile quanto il fumo delle alte stanze nuoca, benche lontane, tanta è la ſoperbia
              <lb/>
            della bianchezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15689" xml:space="preserve">Fatte le Cornici, e adornato il cielo, e neceſſario ancho adornare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15690" xml:space="preserve">biancheggiar il muro della stanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15691" xml:space="preserve">apparecchiar-
              <lb/>
            lo alle pitture, però al parete ſi dara prima una groſſa ſmaltatura, ſopra laquale poi, che cominciera à ſeccare, biſogna darle una ſmaltatura
              <lb/>
            di calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15692" xml:space="preserve">di arena fatta ſecondo quel compartimento, che ſi uorra per dipignere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15693" xml:space="preserve">ſian l’altezze del parete à piombo, le longhezze à linea,
              <lb/>
            gli anguli à ſquadra, come ueramente ſi troua i muri de mill’anni, e piu fatti tanto eguali, che una riga tocca per tutto, tanto ſodi, che per tauo
              <lb/>
            le ſi poſſono uſare quelle intonicature e ſcorze, tanto fini, che polite con un panno riſplendono come ſpecchi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15694" xml:space="preserve">queſto naſceua perche dauano
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-05" xlink:href="note-0196-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            piu croſte à i pareti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15695" xml:space="preserve">uſauano infinita diligenza, dando la ſeguente ſcorza prima, che la precedente fuſſe à fatto ſecca, era la materia ben
              <lb/>
            macerata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15696" xml:space="preserve">preparata molto tempo prima, che ſi metteſſe in opera, di qui naſceua, che i colori delle pitture non ſolo riſplendeuano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15697" xml:space="preserve">era-
              <lb/>
            no uaghi, ma ancho durauano eternamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15698" xml:space="preserve">s’incorporauano con quella intonicatura, ilche non auuenirebbe quando ſi deſſe una ſola mano
              <lb/>
            di arenato, et una digranito. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15699" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche ſpeſſo, ò per necesſita, ò per non caricare tanto le fabriche, ſi ſogliono fare i pareti di Craticci, iquali
              <lb/>
            per molti riſpetti poſſono eſſer diffettoſi, pero Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15700" xml:space="preserve">ci da iprecetti ancho di farli meglio, che ſi puo, accioche durino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15701" xml:space="preserve">non facciano fiſſu-
              <lb/>
            re. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15702" xml:space="preserve">Il tutto è facile, pero paſſaremo ad altro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15703" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div524" type="section" level="1" n="82">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head82" xml:space="preserve">CAP. IIII. DELLE POLITVRE, NE I
            <lb/>
          LVOGHI HVMIDI.</head>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15704" xml:space="preserve">IO HO detto con che ragioni ſi fanno le coperte ne i luoghi aſciutti, hora io eſponero in che mo-
              <lb/>
            do, accioche durino far ſi conuegna le politezze, ne i luoghi humidi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15705" xml:space="preserve">prima ne i Conclaui, che ſe
              <lb/>
            ranno à pe piano cerca tre piedi alto dal pauimento in luogo di arenato ſi dia la teſtola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15706" xml:space="preserve">ſgroſſato
              <lb/>
            accioche le parti di quelle coperte non ſian guaſte dall’humore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15707" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe egli ſi trouerà alcuno pare-
              <lb/>
            te, che per tutto ſia offeſo dall’humore, biſogna allontanarſi alquanto da quello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15708" xml:space="preserve">farne un’altro
              <lb/>
            tanto diſtante, quanto parera conuenire alla coſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15709" xml:space="preserve">tra due pareti ſia tirato un canale piu baſſo
              <lb/>
            del piano del Conclaue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15710" xml:space="preserve">queſto canale sbocche in qualche luogo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15711" xml:space="preserve">poi che egli ſera fatto alquanto alto laſciati ui
              <lb/>
            ſiano gli ſpiracoli, perche ſe l’humore non uſcira per la bocca, ma uſcira, ò di ſotto, ò di ſopra, ſi ſpargera nella mu-
              <lb/>
            ratura noua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15712" xml:space="preserve">Fatte queſte coſe ſi dia lo primo ſgroſſamento al parete di teſtola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15713" xml:space="preserve">poi drizzato, e ſpianato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15714" xml:space="preserve">poli-
              <lb/>
            to ſia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15715" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe’l luogo non patira, che ſi faccia l’altra muratura, facianſi pure i canali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15716" xml:space="preserve">le bocche loro eſchino in loco
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-07" xlink:href="note-0196-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            aperto, dapoi da una parte ſopra il margine del canale imponganſi tegole di due piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15717" xml:space="preserve">dall’altra ſi drizzino i pila-
              <lb/>
            ſtrelli di quadrelletti di ott’oncie, ne iquali poſſan ſedere gli anguli di due tegole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15718" xml:space="preserve">coſi quelli pilaſtri ſiano tanto
              <lb/>
            diſtanti dal parete, che non pasſino un palmo, dapoi dal baſſo del parete in ſino alla cima ſian fitte dritte le tegole
              <lb/>
            oncinate, alle parti di dentro dellequali con diligenza ſia data la pece, accioche ſca cciano da ſe il liquore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15719" xml:space="preserve">coſi di
              <lb/>
            ſotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15720" xml:space="preserve">ſopra il uolto habbiano i loro ſpiracoli. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15721" xml:space="preserve">Allhora poi ſian biancheggiate con calce liquida in acqua, accio
              <lb/>
            non rifiuteno la ſmaltatura, e croſta de teſtola, perche per l’aridita preſa nelle fornaci, non poſſono riceuere la </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>