Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of handwritten notes

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          <pb o="211" file="0221" n="230" rhead="NONO."/>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18489" xml:space="preserve">Etperò quei ſegni lucenti col mondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18490" xml:space="preserve">con il reſtante ornamento delle Stelle d’intorno la terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18491" xml:space="preserve">il mare girandoſi
              <lb/>
            fanno il corſo loro ſecondo la ritondezza del Cielo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18492" xml:space="preserve">Ma tutte le coſe, che ſi uedono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18493" xml:space="preserve">che non ſi uedono con la ne-
              <lb/>
            cesſità de i tempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18494" xml:space="preserve">delle ſtagioni formate ſono, dellequali ſei ſegni ſopra la terra col Cielo uanno uagando gli altri
              <lb/>
            ſotto la terra dall’ombra di quella ſono oſcurati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18495" xml:space="preserve">ſei di questi ſempre ſi rinforzano ſopra la terra, perche quanto
              <lb/>
            una parte dell’ultimo ſegno forzata dalla depresſione col ſuo girare andando ſotto ſi occulta, tanto dalla contraria
              <lb/>
            parte dalla necesſità del girarſi ſopra leuata col mouimento circolare uſcendo da luoghi non manifeſti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18496" xml:space="preserve">oſcuri ſe
              <lb/>
            ne uiene in luce.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18497" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18498" xml:space="preserve">Perche una forza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18499" xml:space="preserve">una neceßità medeſima ſa, che l’una aſcenda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18500" xml:space="preserve">che l’altra diſcenda. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18501" xml:space="preserve">I mouimenti de i cieli ſon due per moltì accidenti cono-
              <lb/>
            ſciuti, l’uno é da Leuante à Ponente, come ſi uede ogni giorno leuare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18502" xml:space="preserve">trãmontar il Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18503" xml:space="preserve">l’altre Stelle, queſto mouimento è detto primo,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18504" xml:space="preserve">diurno, ſopra d’eſſo non è coſa ſenſibile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18505" xml:space="preserve">in termine di hore uentiquatro gira l’uniuerſo, facẽdo lo ſpacio d’un giorno naturale, il Sole fa
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0221-01" xlink:href="note-0221-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            l’anno, la Luna i meſi, il primo mouunento i giorni. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18506" xml:space="preserve">Di questo primo mouimento delquale niuna coſa è piu ueloce Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18507" xml:space="preserve">ha parlato fin qui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18508" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ha detto, che per quel mouimento ſei ſegni ſempre stanno ſopra la terra, ſei ſempre di ſotto, queſto è uero, perche in ogni Orizonte tanto di
              <lb/>
            giorno, quanto di notte naſce un ſemicircolo del Zodiaco, nelquale ſono ſei ſegni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18509" xml:space="preserve">ne muore, ò cade un’altro, nelquale ſono gli altri ſei ſegni,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18510" xml:space="preserve">eſſendo ancho il Zodiaco uno de i circoli maggiori della sfera, ſempre una metà é ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18511" xml:space="preserve">l’altra ſotto in ogni orizonte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18512" xml:space="preserve">quanto cade
              <lb/>
            di una, tanto ſi leua de l’altra, ilche ſi uede con la sfera materiale apertamente.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18513" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18514" xml:space="preserve">Ma quei ſegni eſſendo in numero dodici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18515" xml:space="preserve">ten endo del mondo ciaſcuno la duodecima parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18516" xml:space="preserve">andando egli continua
              <lb/>
            mente da Leuante à Ponente allhora per quei ſegni con mouimento contrario la Luna, la ſtella di Mercurio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18517" xml:space="preserve">di
              <lb/>
            Venere, il Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18518" xml:space="preserve">coſi la la Stella di Marte, di Gioue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18519" xml:space="preserve">di Saturno come per ſalita de gradi montando ciaſcuno con
              <lb/>
            differente grandezza di circoito ua dall’Occidente al’Oriente.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18520" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18521" xml:space="preserve">Ecco come è pieno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18522" xml:space="preserve">come in poche parole Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18523" xml:space="preserve">ci da molte concluſioni. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18524" xml:space="preserve">Vna è che dodiei ſono i ſegni, l’altra, che ogni ſegno occupa la duodeci-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0221-02" xlink:href="note-0221-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            ma parte del Cielo, la terza, che tutti ſi mouono continuamente da Leuante à Ponente, la quarta, che i pianeti uanno per contrario corſo en-
              <lb/>
            trando in que ſegni da Ponente à Leuante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18525" xml:space="preserve">l’ultima, che uanno con differente grandezza de giri. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18526" xml:space="preserve">Noi eſponeremo ciaſcuna di queſte conclu-
              <lb/>
            ſioni partitamẽte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18527" xml:space="preserve">Et prima dodici ſono i ſegni, ì nomi de iquali ſono questi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18528" xml:space="preserve">Il Montone, il Toro, i Gemelli, il Granchio, il Leone, la Vergine, la
              <lb/>
            Bilancia, lo Scorpione, il Sagittario, il Capricorno, l’Acquario, i Peſci. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18529" xml:space="preserve">Cominciãſi à numer ar i ſegni dal taglio, che fa l’eclittica con l’equinot
              <lb/>
            tiale, perche non hauendo il circolo ne principio ne fine per natura ſua, è ragioneuole, che quella parte per principio ſia preſa, che è commu-
              <lb/>
            ne al naſcimento, è cadimento di tutti ì luoghi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18530" xml:space="preserve">nellaquale stando il Sole, l’arco del dì, comincia à farſi maggiore dell’arco delle notte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18531" xml:space="preserve">I nomi
              <lb/>
            ueramente de i ſegni preſi ſono da qualche animale, ò da qualche altra coſa, ſecondo che il Sole ſott’ intrando à quelle Stelle produce quaggiù
              <lb/>
            coſe conformi alle nature di quelli animali, ò di quelle coſe, che ſi dice eſſer iui collocate, Il Montone ſi ſegna con due corna à queſto modo ♈.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18532" xml:space="preserve">il Toro quaſi ſimile, ♉ i Gemelli per due tratti congiunti ♊ che ſignificano castore e Polluce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18533" xml:space="preserve">il Granchio per gli occhi oppoſti, che pare
              <lb/>
            che gli habbia dauanti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18534" xml:space="preserve">da dietro ♋ il Leone per La coda ſua è manifeſto ♌ la Vergine per la fimbria della ſua gonna ♍ la Bilancia per
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0221-03" xlink:href="note-0221-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            la figura del ſuo ſimigliante strumento ♎ lo Scorpione per la punta dopo due tratti ♏ il Sagittario per la ſaetta ♐ il Capro per la forma
              <lb/>
            del Ginocchio legato con una fune ♑ l’Acquario, per l’acqua, che ſcorre ♒ i Peſci per una figura di due peſci, che col dorſo loro ſono inſie-
              <lb/>
            me cõgiunti ♓. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18535" xml:space="preserve">Gia eſpediti ſiamo dalla prima cõcluſione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18536" xml:space="preserve">Ma che ogni ſegno occupe la duodecima parte del Zodiaco è manifeſto, imperoche ue
              <lb/>
            demo, che per 30 giorni il Sole tiene un ſegno, quaſi, che in trẽta parti eguali ſia un ſegno diuiſo, queſti parti ſi chiamano gradi, come che per eſ
              <lb/>
            ſe aſcenda, ò diſcenda il Sole & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18537" xml:space="preserve">gli altri pianeti continuamente, però Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18538" xml:space="preserve">ha detto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18539" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18540" xml:space="preserve">Come per ſalimento di gradi correndo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18541" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18542" xml:space="preserve">Adunque il Zodiaco è di parti 360 peroche 12 fia 30 fa 360. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18543" xml:space="preserve">Queſto numero di parti è ſtato ſtimato il piu cõmodo, come quello che ſolamente per
              <lb/>
            cinque manca da tutta la ſomma di tutti i giorni dell’anno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18544" xml:space="preserve">Et perche il Sole per la obliquit à del Zodiaco non egualmẽte aſcende, però ſi uede
              <lb/>
            alcuna fiata piu ueloce, alcuna piu tardo, la onde auuiene, che per la proportionata diſtributione de i predetti cinque giorni ſegua il numero
              <lb/>
            di 365, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18545" xml:space="preserve">non ſo che di piu riſpondenti alli 360 gradi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18546" xml:space="preserve">Oltra che per la commodità del numero di 60 ognì circolo grande, ò picciolo che
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0221-04" xlink:href="note-0221-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            egli ſia, é diuiſo in paree 360, perche il numero di ſeſſanta ha {1/2} {1/3} {1/4} {1/5} {1/6}. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18547" xml:space="preserve">oltra che la piu eſpedita diuiſione del circolo è in ſei parti, per
              <lb/>
            cioche ella ſi fa ſenza mouer la ſesta dopo fatto il circolo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18548" xml:space="preserve">per queſta ragione è Sesta nominata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18549" xml:space="preserve">La terza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18550" xml:space="preserve">la quarta concluſione era, che
              <lb/>
            tutti i pianeti per quei ſegni uagando ſi mouono da Ponente à Leuante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18551" xml:space="preserve">che entr ano in quei per contrario corſo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18552" xml:space="preserve">Queſto per longa eſperien
              <lb/>
            Za, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18553" xml:space="preserve">oſſeruatione, é stato cõpreſo, imperoche coſi come hauemo per iſperienza un mouimento circolare continuato da Leuante à Ponente,
              <lb/>
            commune à tutte le sfere celesti, ſecondo il cui regolato giro non ſolo tutte le celeſti ruote, ma ancho tutti i piu rari elementi ſono tirati, coſi
              <lb/>
            ancho è ſtato conoſciuto il ſecondo mouimento, mentre che gli inquiſitori delle diuine coſe hãno oſſeruato i naſcimenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18554" xml:space="preserve">i cadimenti delle Stel
              <lb/>
            le, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18555" xml:space="preserve">del Sole. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18556" xml:space="preserve">Perche hãno ueduto il Sole, et l’altre Stelle andarſi mutando, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18557" xml:space="preserve">trouarſi in diuerſe parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18558" xml:space="preserve">al meriggie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18559" xml:space="preserve">alla mezza notte
              <lb/>
            hora piu alti, hora piu beßi à gli habitatori d’uno iſteſſo luogo, la doue ſi hanno imaginato altri perni, altri cardini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18560" xml:space="preserve">altri mouimenti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18561" xml:space="preserve">Veden
              <lb/>
            do ancho le Stelle fiſſe ſempre tra ſe eſſer in eguale diſtanza, ne oſſeruarono qualch’una delle piu notabili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18562" xml:space="preserve">lucenti, et da quelle compreſero,
              <lb/>
            che le ſette erranti ſucceßiuamente andauano uerſo il Leuante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18563" xml:space="preserve">che col tempo dalla iſteſſa Stella ſi allontanauano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18564" xml:space="preserve">di nouo dopo qualche
              <lb/>
            tempo alla ſteſſa tornauano, ilche dalla Luna, come da quella, il cui corſo è piu ueloce egli ſi puo piu preſto conoſcere, oſſeruando la congiuntio
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0221-05" xlink:href="note-0221-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ne, ò lo ſpacio, che eſſa à qualche Stella conoſciuta ritorna, eſſaminando, tante fiate quante uerſo Leuante ſi allontana, fin che ſi ueda ritornata
              <lb/>
            di propio mouimento alla Stella iſteſſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18565" xml:space="preserve">In queſta maniera adunque è ſtato il ſecondo mouimento contrario al primo conoſciuto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18566" xml:space="preserve">La quinta
              <lb/>
            concluſione era, che con diuer ſa grandezza de i circoiti, ciaſcuno de i pianeti faceua il corpo ſuo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18567" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo numerato di ſopra i pianeti Satur-
              <lb/>
            no, Gioue, Marte, il Sole, Venere, Mercurio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18568" xml:space="preserve">la Luna, i caratteri de i quali ſono queſti per ordine ♄. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18569" xml:space="preserve">♃. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18570" xml:space="preserve">♂. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18571" xml:space="preserve">☉. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18572" xml:space="preserve">♀. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18573" xml:space="preserve">☿. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18574" xml:space="preserve">☽. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18575" xml:space="preserve">la deta con
              <lb/>
            cluſione ſi dichiara con la long a indottione, da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18576" xml:space="preserve">in questo modo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18577" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18578" xml:space="preserve">La Luna in giorni uentiotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18579" xml:space="preserve">quaſi un’hora girandoſi à torno il Cielo, è ritornando à quel ſegno, d’one de prima s’era
              <lb/>
            moſſa, compie il meſe lunare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18580" xml:space="preserve">Ma il Sole paſſa per lo ſpacio d’un ſegno, che è la duodecima parte del Cielo, in un me
              <lb/>
            ſe, la doue in dodici meſi andando per lo ſpacio di dodici ſegni, quando ritorna al ſegno di donde prima ſi moſſe,
              <lb/>
            compie lo ſpacio d’un’anno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18581" xml:space="preserve">quel giro, che fa la Luna tredici fiate in do dici meſi, il Sole miſura ne i medeſimi ſe-
              <lb/>
            gni una fiata.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18582" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18583" xml:space="preserve">Ma la Stella di Mercurio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18584" xml:space="preserve">la Stella di Venere girando ſi d’intorno à i raggi del Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18585" xml:space="preserve">coronando con i uiaggi loro il
              <lb/>
            ſole à guiſa di centro fanno i ritorni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18586" xml:space="preserve">le dimore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18587" xml:space="preserve">ancho per loro girare fermandoſi fanno dimora ne gli ſpacij
              <lb/>
            de i ſegni.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18588" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18589" xml:space="preserve">Poi che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18590" xml:space="preserve">ci ha dimoſtrato, che ſi troua diuerſità, ne i mouimenti celeſti quanto a i termini di eſſo, hora egli ci dimoſtra eſſer diuerſità, nel-
              <lb/>
            la tardezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18591" xml:space="preserve">preſtezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18592" xml:space="preserve">determina gli ſpacij del tempo, ne iquali ciaſcuno fa il ſuo mouimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18593" xml:space="preserve">noi per piu chiara intelligenza
              <lb/>
            proponeremo alcune coſe breuemente, dell’ordine, del numero, della poſitione del ſito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18594" xml:space="preserve">del mouimento delle sfere celeſti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18595" xml:space="preserve">Otto ſono
              <lb/>
            i Cieli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18596" xml:space="preserve">le Sfere materiali, ò per dir meglio tutta la machina celeſte contiene otto giri ſeparati contigui, è concentrici al mondo, che Cieli
              <lb/>
            ſi chiamano, oltra iquali non è mouimento alcuno ſc non imaginato per ſaluar le apparenze. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18597" xml:space="preserve">Sette Cieli ſi danno d i ſette pianeti gia nume-
              <lb/>
            rati, il piu proßimo alla terra e la Luna, il piu lontano è Saturno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18598" xml:space="preserve">L’ottauo Cielo è delle stelle fiſſe detto fiſmamento ilquale è grandißi-
              <lb/>
            mo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18599" xml:space="preserve">capace di tutti i predetti Cieli, questo numero è ſtato conoſciuto dalla uelocità delle Stelle inferiori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18600" xml:space="preserve">dalla tardezza delle ſuperio-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0221-07" xlink:href="note-0221-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            ri, perche le Stelle de i Cieli di ſopra uanno piu tarde, che quelle di ſotto, dico, che uogliono piu tempo à raggirarſi, perche fanno mag-
              <lb/>
            gior uiaggio, conformandoſi al primo mouimento.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18601" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18602" xml:space="preserve">Euui un’altro argomento, che ſi piglia dalla occultatione de i corpi piu alti, percioche eſſendo noi nel piu baſſo luogo non é dubbio che quel-
              <lb/>
            lo che ci é piu uicino à gli occhi, non cuopra, ò non occulti quello, che stà di ſopra trapponendoſi tra il nostro uedere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18603" xml:space="preserve">il corpo ſu-
              <lb/>
            periore.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18604" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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