Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556
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            <s xml:id="echoid-s5150" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5151" xml:space="preserve">tratta qui delle Pietre fatte dalla Natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5152" xml:space="preserve">ne dimoſtra la diuerſità, luſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5153" xml:space="preserve">il commodo di eſſe molto facilmente, è tutta questa materia
              <lb/>
            ſimilmente è ſtata preſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5154" xml:space="preserve">leuata di peſo (dirò coſi) da Plmio, nel trenteſimoquinto Libro al uigeſimo ſecondo Cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5155" xml:space="preserve">Hora ancho noi ſommaria-
              <lb/>
            mente tratteremo queſta materia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5156" xml:space="preserve">Cinque ſorti di Pietre Natruali ſi trouano anzi cinque generi, cioè la Gemma, il Marmo, la Cote, il Se-
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            lice, il Saſſo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5157" xml:space="preserve">Conoſconſi le Gemme dalla Sostanza, dal ueder dal tatto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5158" xml:space="preserve">dalla lima. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5159" xml:space="preserve">Sono piu graui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5160" xml:space="preserve">piu fredded del Vetro, non patiſco-
              <lb/>
            no la lima, hanno lo ſplendore piu ſaldo, piu chiaro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5161" xml:space="preserve">empiono piu la uiſta, ne ſi ſamriſcono al lume della Lucerna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5162" xml:space="preserve">ſono di ſoſtanza uiua-
              <lb/>
            ce, e piena. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5163" xml:space="preserve">Di questil’Architetto non ragiona, perche non uanno nelle Fabriche, i Marmi ſentono la lima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5164" xml:space="preserve">ſono grandi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5165" xml:space="preserve">riſplendono.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5166" xml:space="preserve">Le Selici hanno come ſquame, le Cotti come grani, i Sasſi non hanno nitore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5167" xml:space="preserve">Conſideramo nelle Pietre, it tempo di cauarle, la quantità la
              <lb/>
            qualità la comparatione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5168" xml:space="preserve">l’uſo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5169" xml:space="preserve">Cauanſil’eſtate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5170" xml:space="preserve">ſtanno allo ſcoperto, acciò che ſi faccia la proua della bontà di eſſe, adopranſi dopo
              <lb/>
            due anni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5171" xml:space="preserve">dall’uſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5172" xml:space="preserve">dagliedifici fattiſi prendono le loro qualità, però la Pietra bianca è piu facile che la ſoſca, la trapparente miglior,
              <lb/>
            che l’opaca, piu intrattabile è la piu alſale ſimigliãte, il saſſo aſperſo come di arena, è, aſpor, ſe gli uſciranno come punte nere, è indomabile,
              <lb/>
            l’aſperſo digocciole angulari, e piuſodo, chel’aſperſo diritonde. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5173" xml:space="preserve">Quanto meno è uenato, tanto piu è intiero, piu dura eſſendo il colore pur-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0055-01" xlink:href="note-0055-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            gato, elimpido; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5174" xml:space="preserve">Emigliore quello la cui uena, è piuſimile alla Pietra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5175" xml:space="preserve">La uena ſottile moſtra la Pietra ſpiaceuole. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5176" xml:space="preserve">La piu torta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5177" xml:space="preserve">che piu
              <lb/>
            gira, e piu auſtera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5178" xml:space="preserve">La nodoſa e piu acerba. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5179" xml:space="preserve">Quella Pietra piu ageuolmente ſi fende, che nel mezzo hauna roſſa linea come putrida, proſ-
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            ſima à quella è la bianchegna. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5180" xml:space="preserve">Et quella che à uerde ghiaccio ſi asſimiglia, è, piu difficile. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5181" xml:space="preserve">Il numero delle uene dimoſtra la Pietra inconſtante,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5182" xml:space="preserve">che crepa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5183" xml:space="preserve">Le uene dritte ſono giudicate peggiori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5184" xml:space="preserve">Quella Pietra è piu ſoda, le cui ſcheggie ſono piu acute, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5185" xml:space="preserve">terſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5186" xml:space="preserve">La Pietra che ſpez-
              <lb/>
            zata rimane piu liſcia di ſoperficie, è piu atta allo ſcarpello. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5187" xml:space="preserve">L’aſpra, quanto piu biancheggia, tanto meno ubidiſce alferro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5188" xml:space="preserve">La foſca quanto
              <lb/>
            piu la Luna ſcema, tanto meno conſente al ferro, ogni Pietra ignobile tanto è piu dura, quanto è piu cauernoſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5189" xml:space="preserve">Quella che non aſciuga l’ac-
              <lb/>
            qua che ſi li ſpruzza di ſopra, à piu cruda. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5190" xml:space="preserve">Ogni Pietra graue, è piu ſoda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5191" xml:space="preserve">piu ſi liſcia, che la leggiera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5192" xml:space="preserve">Et la piu leggiera della piu graue,
              <lb/>
            è piu fragile. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5193" xml:space="preserve">Quella che percoſſa riſuona è della ſorda piu denſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5194" xml:space="preserve">La Stroppicciata, che ſa zi Zolfo, è piu dura, che la ſenza odore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5195" xml:space="preserve">Quel-
              <lb/>
            la, che piu reſiſte allo ſcalpello, piu anco dura alle acque, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5196" xml:space="preserve">mali tempi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5197" xml:space="preserve">Ogni Pietra dinouo cauata è piu tenera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5198" xml:space="preserve">io ne ho ueduti in An-
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            glia che ſi lauorano alle caue, perche ſe ſtanno troppo fuori ſindurano di modo, che non ſi poſſono lauorare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5199" xml:space="preserve">Se non ſono poſti una inuernata
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0055-02" xlink:href="note-0055-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            nell’acqua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5200" xml:space="preserve">Soffiando l’Ostro piu facilmente ſi lauorano le Pietre, che ſoffiando Borea. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5201" xml:space="preserve">Quella, che nell’acqua ſi fà piu greue, ſi disfà per l’hu-
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            more, quella che per lo fuoco ſi ſgretola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5202" xml:space="preserve">apre non dura al Sole. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5203" xml:space="preserve">Della quantità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5204" xml:space="preserve">qualità ſi dir à diſotto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5205" xml:space="preserve"/>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div159" type="section" level="1" n="22">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head21" xml:space="preserve">CAP. VIII. DELLE MANIERE DEL MVRARE,
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          E QVALITA SVE.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head22" xml:space="preserve">Le parti di poner inſieme le Pietre ſon queſte.</head>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5206" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">VItrvvio</emph>
            ce inſegna il modo, et le maniere di porre inſieme le Pietre, cõmenda la muratura de Mattoni, et con bel-
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            li eſſempi ſimilmente proua quanto dice. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5207" xml:space="preserve">Prima che io eſpona Vitr, io diro delle parti della Fabrica ſoprail ſondamento,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5208" xml:space="preserve">quale ſia officio di ciaſcuna, in ogni Fabrica conſideramo il baſſo, la cima, ilati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5209" xml:space="preserve">Il baſſo è il paumento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5210" xml:space="preserve">ſuolo, la ci-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0055-03" xlink:href="note-0055-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            ma ſono i Copertiè colmi, i lati ſono i Partiò muri. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5211" xml:space="preserve">Del Pauimento ſi dira nel Settimo Libro, de i coperti nel quarto.
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            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5212" xml:space="preserve">Hora ſi dirà del Muro, il quale è differente dal fondamento in queſto, che il fondamento dai lati della foſſa ſolamente ſoste-
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            nuto per eſſer intiero, conſiſte: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5213" xml:space="preserve">ma il muro, ò, Parete di piu Parti è compoſto, perche ha il Poggio, il Procinto, la Cornice, l’oſſa e, ſoſtegni, Pa-
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            priture, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5214" xml:space="preserve">le labra, il compimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5215" xml:space="preserve">le ſue oſſeruationi, noieſponeremo l’uſo delle dette parti, à guiſa de Medici, i quali nella conſtitutione
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            della loro Arte trattano dell’uſo della parti del corpo humano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5216" xml:space="preserve">Poggio è quella parte che io direi Scarpa, che è la prima diſotto, che ſi leua
              <lb/>
            dal fondamento, alquanto piu groſſa, che il Muro, ò Parete. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5217" xml:space="preserve">Procinto, è Corona ſono parti del Muro una diſopra, l’altra nel mezzo Procinto, è
              <lb/>
            quella parte di mezzo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5218" xml:space="preserve">quella legatura, che lega il Muro d’intorno come cornice, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5219" xml:space="preserve">nelle Mura della Città ſi potrebbe chiamare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5220" xml:space="preserve">ſi chia
              <lb/>
            ma Cordone, l’oſſa è ſoſtegni ſono come Anguli Pilaſtri, Colonne, Trauamenti, Erte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5221" xml:space="preserve">ciò che ſta ſopra le apriture, come che elle ſiano ò in ar-
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            co, ò dritte, perche l’arco è come Traue piegato, è Traue come Colonna trauerſa, è Colonna come Traue dritto in piedi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5222" xml:space="preserve">Le apriture, è la bra
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            ſono, come le fineſtre; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5223" xml:space="preserve">le cannoniere, le porti, i bucchi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5224" xml:space="preserve">in parte i nichi, che latinamente conche ſi portriano dire. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5225" xml:space="preserve">I compimenti trappoſti ſo-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0055-04" xlink:href="note-0055-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            no tra l’oſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5226" xml:space="preserve">l’apriture, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5227" xml:space="preserve">altre parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5228" xml:space="preserve">queſto ſia à bastanza detto delle parti del Muro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5229" xml:space="preserve">Hora ſi dira quanto conuenga à ciaſcuna par-
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            te, ilche accioche commodamente ſi faccia, ſi dir à della quantita, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5230" xml:space="preserve">qualità delle Pietre del modo diporle inſieme, delle maniere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5231" xml:space="preserve">regole del
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            murare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5232" xml:space="preserve">Sono le Pietre, ouero di ſoperficie anguli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5233" xml:space="preserve">linee equali dette quadrate, ouero diſſoperficie, angoli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5234" xml:space="preserve">linee uariate dette incerte.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5235" xml:space="preserve">Sono alcune grandi, che ſenza ſtromenti, emachine, non ſi poſſono maneggiare, altre minute, che con una mano ſi leuano, altre mezzane ditte
              <lb/>
            giuſte, hanno ancho le Pietre qualità diuerſa perche alcune ſono uiuaci, forti, piene di ſucco come la Selice, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5236" xml:space="preserve">il Marmo, nellequali il ſuono è
              <lb/>
            innato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5237" xml:space="preserve">la ſodezza, altre eſauſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5238" xml:space="preserve">leggieri come toſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5239" xml:space="preserve">Pietre arenoſe, i Marmi ſono Prosſimi all’honor delle Gemme, per la bellezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5240" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            gratia loro, è ſpecialmente que Marmi nobili, che per la uarieta di colori, ò per la gran bianchezza, ò per la finezza, e ſplendore, ò traſparen-
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            za loro danno merauiglia, come e il Pario, il Porphido, il Serpentino, il Phengitico l’Alabaſtro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5241" xml:space="preserve">altri ſimiglianti Marmi, Il Selice ueramen-
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            teò tenero, duro, tenace, friabile, graue, leggiero, ò che non ſi paſſa dal fuoco, ò che ſi conuerta in cenere, è ſquamoſo, ſopporta il freddo, è l’ac-
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            que, non riſplende, però non è Marmo, entra però nelle fabriche, come ancho alcuni ſasſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5242" xml:space="preserve">Ma la Cote come è la Damaſchina, il Tocco, che pro-
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0055-05" xlink:href="note-0055-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ua i metalli, alcune Pietre che nell’Indie ſi uſano per tagliare ſono per aguzzar iferri, ſi conſumano à poco à poco ſe ſteſſe, ma preſto conſuma
              <lb/>
            no l’altre coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5243" xml:space="preserve">la parte, che e riuolta al Sole, è migliore, che quella di ſotto, perche dal Sole ſi fanno perfette. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5244" xml:space="preserve">I Sasſi ſono duerſi per la pro
              <lb/>
            pietà, come la Calamita, per la uirtu, come il Calamocho, cioò ſpuma di canne, per lo colore, come l’Amochriſo, per la pittura comal’Alabandi-
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            co, per la forma come il Trochite, per la nobiltà di reſiſtere al fuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5245" xml:space="preserve">all’acqua come la Magneſia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5246" xml:space="preserve">La propieta della Calamita è nota, perche
              <lb/>
            tira, è ſcaccia il ferro, dimoſtra le parti del Cielo, ſerue à nauiganti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5247" xml:space="preserve">famirabili effetti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5248" xml:space="preserve">La ſpuma delle Arondine Calamocho nominata, è
              <lb/>
            fortisſima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5249" xml:space="preserve">caldisſima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5250" xml:space="preserve">conſuma i corpi in eſſa ſepolti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5251" xml:space="preserve">Il Trocchiere è ſtriato, ò cannellato nel piano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5252" xml:space="preserve">nel mezzo del piano ha un pun
              <lb/>
            to, dalquale ſi partono tutte le ſcannellature, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5253" xml:space="preserve">il piano è circondata da un lieue timpanuzzo, moueſi da ſe poſtoui ſopra l’aceto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5254" xml:space="preserve">Ammochiſo,
              <lb/>
            cioe Arena d’oro perche è di color d’oro, ſquammoſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5255" xml:space="preserve">ſe ne fà polue da ſeccar le lettere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5256" xml:space="preserve">L’Alabandico dimoſtra in ſe uarie figure. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5257" xml:space="preserve">La
              <lb/>
            Magneſia reſiſte mirabilmente alfuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5258" xml:space="preserve">all’acqua, ma di queſti ſasſi pochi ſono all’uſo delle Fabriche, benche per adornamenti poſſono eſſer
              <lb/>
            apprecciati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5259" xml:space="preserve">Io ho detto della quantità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5260" xml:space="preserve">qualita delle Pietre, hora diro dil modo di porle inſieme, perche importa molto alla fermezza delle
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0055-06" xlink:href="note-0055-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            Fabriche. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5261" xml:space="preserve">Ogni Pietra deue eſſer intera, non fangoſa, ma bagnata bene, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5262" xml:space="preserve">s’eſſer può di torrente, le intiere al ſuono ſi conoſcono, le cauate di
              <lb/>
            nuouo ſon piu commode, la Pietra altre fiate adoperata non rieſce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5263" xml:space="preserve">non ſi attacca bene, perche di gia ha ſorbito Phumido, Altri con minu-
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            te Pietre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5264" xml:space="preserve">calce copioſa empiono iſondamenti, altri ui mettono ogni ſorte dirottame. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5265" xml:space="preserve">Deueſi imitar la Natura, che nel far imonti tra le
              <lb/>
            piu ſode Pietre la piu tenera trammette. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5266" xml:space="preserve">Coſi ſopra grande quadrate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5267" xml:space="preserve">intiere Pietre gran copia di calce ſtemperata ſi getta, le piu gagliar-
              <lb/>
            de parti delle Pietre ſi pongono oue è di maggior fermezza biſogna. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5268" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo la uena atta à romperſi, non in lato ma ſteſa giacendo ſi ponga.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5269" xml:space="preserve">La faccia della Pietra tagliata per trauerſo, e piu forte, che quella, che per lungo, è tagliata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5270" xml:space="preserve">Nel fondar le Colonne non è neceſſorio continuar
              <lb/>
            il fondamento, ma conuienſi fare ſotto le Colonne, accio col peſo loro nonforino la terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5271" xml:space="preserve">tirare da Colonna à Colonna un’arco allariuer-
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            ſcia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5272" xml:space="preserve">La Pietra ſecca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5273" xml:space="preserve">ſitibonda conſabbia di fiume ſiconfà la bagnata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5274" xml:space="preserve">humida di natura con quella di caua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5275" xml:space="preserve">Non ſi adoperiſabbia di
              <lb/>
            Mare nelle opere di uerſo Ostro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5276" xml:space="preserve">A minute Pietre ſpeſſa calce, à ſecche ſoda ſi ponga, benche la tenace ſia stata da gli antichi approuata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5277" xml:space="preserve">Le
              <lb/>
            grandi Pietre uanno ſopra tenera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5278" xml:space="preserve">liquida calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5279" xml:space="preserve">forſe questo fi fà, perche ſdrucciolãdo nel liquido meglio ſi aſſettano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5280" xml:space="preserve">però gioua ſot-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0055-07" xlink:href="note-0055-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            toporui alcuna coſa teſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5281" xml:space="preserve">liquida, perche le Pietre dal graue peſo non ſiano rotte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5282" xml:space="preserve">Gioua bagnare ſpeſſo la muratura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5283" xml:space="preserve">Non uogliono quel
              <lb/>
            le Pietre eſſer bagnate, che dentro non ſian bumide, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5284" xml:space="preserve">negrezzanti eſſendo ſpezzate, è rotte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5285" xml:space="preserve">Hora cireſta à dire delle maniere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5286" xml:space="preserve">regole
              <lb/>
            del murare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5287" xml:space="preserve">Tre ſono le maniere del murare, l’Ordinaria, la Incerta, la Reticulata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5288" xml:space="preserve">Di queſte ne tratta Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5289" xml:space="preserve">nel preſentte Cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5290" xml:space="preserve">Et dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5291" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5292" xml:space="preserve">Le maniere di murare ſon queſte; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5293" xml:space="preserve">prima quella, che ſi fà in modo di Rete, che hor ſi uſa da ognuno, poi l’antica laqual
              <lb/>
            ſi chiama Incerta, di queſte due piu bella è la prima, laquale poi a fare le fiſſure è facile, perche in ogni parte ha i </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>