Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of Notes

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          <pb o="216" file="0226" n="235" rhead="LIBRO"/>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18894" xml:space="preserve">Ma la ſtella di Marte da 683 giorni uagando per gli ſpatiij de i Segni peruiene la doue cominciando da prima fatto haue-
              <lb/>
            ua il ſuo corſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18895" xml:space="preserve">in quei ſegni, che piu uelocemente traccorre, poi, che hauerà fatto la dimora ſna, riempie la ragione
              <lb/>
            del numero de i giorni, Ma la Stella di Gioue, con piu moderati gradi aſcendendo contra il corſo del mondo miſura
              <lb/>
            ogni ſegno qua ſi in 365 giorni, e ſta per anni 11 & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18896" xml:space="preserve">giorni 363, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18897" xml:space="preserve">ritorna in quel ſegno, nelquale dodici anni prima ſi
              <lb/>
            trouaua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18898" xml:space="preserve">Saturno ueramente per meſi uentinoue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18899" xml:space="preserve">alquanti giorni di piu paſſando per un ſegno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18900" xml:space="preserve">in uentinouean-
              <lb/>
            ni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18901" xml:space="preserve">quaſi 160 giorni uien reſtituito in quel ſegno di doue 30 anni prima ſi moſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18902" xml:space="preserve">d’indi naſce, che quanto egli è
              <lb/>
            men lontano dall’ultimo cielo, tanto piu ſpacio di circuito facendo appare de gli altri piu tardo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18903" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18904" xml:space="preserve">Quanto dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18905" xml:space="preserve">dalle parole ſue ſi fa manifeſto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18906" xml:space="preserve">ma come noi intendiamo quello, che egli ha detto, per le ſopraposte ſpeculationi ſi uede.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18907" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18908" xml:space="preserve">Ma quei pianeti, che ſopra il camin del Sole, fanno i loro giri, ſpecialmente quando ſeranno in quel triangulo nelquale
              <lb/>
            ſera il Sole alhora non uanno inanzi, ma douendo ritornare dimorano fin tanto, che il Sole partendo da quel train-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0226-01" xlink:href="note-0226-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            gulo paſſerà in altro ſegno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18909" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18910" xml:space="preserve">Pare che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18911" xml:space="preserve">tratti in queſto luogo de gli aſpetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18912" xml:space="preserve">delle occultationi delle ſtelle ragionando de i progreßi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18913" xml:space="preserve">delle dimore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18914" xml:space="preserve">ne rĕde egli la cau
              <lb/>
            ſa à modo ſuo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18915" xml:space="preserve">riſiuta la oppenion d’altri, Noi ſimilmente ragionaremo ſecondo la da noi propoſta intentione delle apparenze, et de gliaſpet
              <lb/>
            ti quello, che hanno ſtimato i periti astronomi, et poi ueniremo à Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18916" xml:space="preserve">Conſider amo adunque il Sole in quattro luoghi principali terminati dal-
              <lb/>
            Porizonte & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18917" xml:space="preserve">dal meridiano, che ſono in oriente, nel mezzo del Cielo di ſopra, nell'occidente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18918" xml:space="preserve">nel mezzo del cielo ſotterra, ſtando adunque
              <lb/>
            il Sole in uno di queſti quattro luoghi puo star prima in oriente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18919" xml:space="preserve">ſe ſtando il Sole in oriente la ſtella, ò il pianeta ſar a in oriente, chiamaremo
              <lb/>
            quello stato mattutino, ſe al mezzo dì, meridiano, ſe all’occidente ueſpertino, ſe alla mezza notte, intempesto, per uſare il nome de latini; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18920" xml:space="preserve">à
              <lb/>
            queſto modo ciaſcun ſito de i quattro della ſtella à quattro modi ſi riſerirà al Sole, la doue ſedici ſeranno li habitudini delle ſtelle al Sole. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18921" xml:space="preserve">Di quel
              <lb/>
            le habitudini la meridiana è, ma non ſi uede imperoche la preſentia del Sole debilita lo aſpetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18922" xml:space="preserve">però uera non apparente ſi chiama, ma il ri-
              <lb/>
            ſpetto della mezza notte è, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18923" xml:space="preserve">ſi uede ſempre, eccetto quando ſotterra la stella è nel mezzo del cielo è, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18924" xml:space="preserve">ſi uede: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18925" xml:space="preserve">perche di notte ogni ſtella ſi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0226-02" xlink:href="note-0226-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            uede nell’orizonte, ouero ſopra la terra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18926" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18927" xml:space="preserve">però uera & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18928" xml:space="preserve">apparente la chiamaremo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18929" xml:space="preserve">finalmente lhabitudine mattutina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18930" xml:space="preserve">ueſpertina della
              <lb/>
            stella ſopra la terra ò nell’orizonte è, ma non ſi uede, percioche il raggio del Sole, che ſta nell’orizonte ce la toglie, puo ben eſſer, che la ſi ueda,
              <lb/>
            ſel Sole ſerà tăto ſotto Porizŏte, che la ſua luce indebollita, ò nõ tanto gagliarda cieda, ouero allhora comincia, ò ceßi di ciedere alraggio delle
              <lb/>
            ſtelle. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18931" xml:space="preserve">In quel caſo lhabitudine delle stelle è chiamata apparente, ò prima, ò poi il naſcimẽto mattutino. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18932" xml:space="preserve">A dú que della ſtella, che prima ci appare,
              <lb/>
            e detto apparẽza, ò prima uiſta, et quello dapoi, è detto apparẽza, ò uiſta ultima. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18933" xml:space="preserve">Similmĕte diremo apparĕza, ò uiſta prima ueſpertina et apparĕ
              <lb/>
            za, ò uiſta ultima ueſpertina, et alcuni chiamano l’apparèza mattutina, orto ò naſcimẽto matutino, et la ueſpertina orto ò naſcimẽto ueſpertino,
              <lb/>
            nõ per quella ragione, che la stella naſca, et uegna ſopra l’orizõte, imperoche l’apparẽza uerſpertina ſi uede nell’orizõte occidẽtale, ma per que
              <lb/>
            ſto perche la naſce, et eſce ſuori, da iraggi del Sole, ſimilmẽte l’apparẽza ultima ò mattutina, ò ueſpertina, e detta occaſo mattutino, ò ueſpertino,
              <lb/>
            pche entrando ne i raggi del Sole s’aſconde nella ſua luce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18934" xml:space="preserve">Hora io dirò à quali ſtelle auuenghino ſimili effetti di apparẽze, ſecondo che io ho im
              <lb/>
            parato da buoni autori, imperoche altrimenti auuengono à quelle, che ſono piu tarde del Sole, altrimenti a quelle, che ſono piu ueloci. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18935" xml:space="preserve">le ſtelle
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0226-03" xlink:href="note-0226-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            fiſſe adunque, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18936" xml:space="preserve">i tre ſuperiori percioche ſono ſopra il Sole poco prima dell’occaſo uero ueſpertino mancano dopo il Sole, et ſi poſſono uedere,
              <lb/>
            ma dapoi auicinandoſi à quelli il ſole uerſo l’oriente, perche egli è piu ueloce fanno nell’orizonte occidentale l’ultima apparenza ueſpertina, ò ſi
              <lb/>
            aſcondono fino che dopo l’orto uero mattutino partendoſi il Sole uer ſo l’oriente facciano nell’orizonte à leuante la prima apparenza mattuti
              <lb/>
            na. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18937" xml:space="preserve">Ma la luna per qualche ſpacio auanti il naſcimento mattutino ſi può ueder prima, che leui il Sole, mà auicinandoſi al Sole uerſo Leuante
              <lb/>
            eſſendo ella piu ueloce fa l’ultima apparenza mattutina à Leuante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18938" xml:space="preserve">ſi leua dallo aſpetto noſtro, ſin che dopo il uero occaſo ueſpertino la-
              <lb/>
            ſciando il Sole faccia à Ponente la prima apparenza ueſpertina. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18939" xml:space="preserve">Ma Venere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18940" xml:space="preserve">Mercurio, che ſono hora piu tardi, hora piu ueloci del Sole,
              <lb/>
            fanno il medeſimo, che ſanno i tre di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18941" xml:space="preserve">ancho quello, che fa la Luna. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18942" xml:space="preserve">Imperoche fanno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18943" xml:space="preserve">la prima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18944" xml:space="preserve">l’ultima apparenza tanto ueſper
              <lb/>
            tina, quanto mattutina. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18945" xml:space="preserve">Maitre ſuperiori ſanno l’ultima apparenza ueſpertina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18946" xml:space="preserve">poi ſubito la prima mattutina uerſo la ſommita dello Epi
              <lb/>
            ciclo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18947" xml:space="preserve">Ma Venere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18948" xml:space="preserve">Mercurio fanno le iſteſſe eſſendo rettrogradi, et nella parte oppoſta al giogo, perche questi due fanno Pultima apparenza
              <lb/>
            mattutina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18949" xml:space="preserve">poco dapoi la prima ueſpertina appreſſo il giogo dello Epiciclo, ilche fa ancho la Luna, ma nel giogo del ſuo deferente.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18950" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18951" xml:space="preserve">Et queſto piace ad alcuni, che coſi ſia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18952" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18953" xml:space="preserve">Cioè i progreßi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18954" xml:space="preserve">le dimore, le apparenze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18955" xml:space="preserve">le occultationi hanno queſta cagione ſecondo alcuni.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18956" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18957" xml:space="preserve">Perche dicono, che il Sole quando è, per una certa diſtanza piu lontano, fa, che con non chiari ſentieri errando le ſtelle
              <lb/>
            con oſcure dimore ſiano impedite.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18958" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18959" xml:space="preserve">Voglion, che la lontanauza del Sole impediſca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18960" xml:space="preserve">rittegna le ſtelle, et auicinandoſi il Sole ſiano liberate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18961" xml:space="preserve">ſciolte, queſta ragione da ſe ua
              <lb/>
            giù, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18962" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18963" xml:space="preserve">la impugna dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18964" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18965" xml:space="preserve">Ma à noi non pare, che coſi ſia, perche lo ſplendore del Sole ſi laſcia molto ben uedere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18966" xml:space="preserve">è manifeſto ſenza alcuna oſcu
              <lb/>
            ratione per tutto il mondo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18967" xml:space="preserve">in modo, che egli ci appare ancho quãdo quelle ſtelle fanno i ritorni & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18968" xml:space="preserve">le dimore loro, ſe
              <lb/>
            adunque per tanti ſpacij la noſtra uiſta puo queſto auuertire, perche cagione giudichiamo noi, che à quelli diuini
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0226-05" xlink:href="note-0226-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ſplendori delle Stelle opponer ſi poſſa alcuna oſcurità?</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18969" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18970" xml:space="preserve">Queſta è buona ragione di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18971" xml:space="preserve">cerca l’apparenze delle ſtelle, ma non ſatisfa alle dimore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18972" xml:space="preserve">ritorni delle stelle, ſi come hauemo detto di ſopra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18973" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18974" xml:space="preserve">Anzi piu preſto quella ragione à noi ci farà manifeſto, che ſi come il feruore à ſe tira tutte le coſe, come uedemo i frutti
              <lb/>
            perlo calore leuarſi in alto da terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18975" xml:space="preserve">creſcere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18976" xml:space="preserve">i uapori dell’acque delle fontialle nubi per lo arco celeſte eſſer at-
              <lb/>
            tratti, coſi per la iſteſſa ragione lo impeto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18977" xml:space="preserve">la forza del Sole mandando fuori i raggi è ſtendendoli in forma triango
              <lb/>
            lare, à ſe tira le ſtelle, che gli uanno drieto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18978" xml:space="preserve">quaſi raffrenando quelle, che gli corrono auanti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18979" xml:space="preserve">rittenẽdole non le la
              <lb/>
            ſcia paſſare piu oltra, ma le forza ritornare à ſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18980" xml:space="preserve">fermarſi nel ſegno d’un’altro triangulo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18981" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18982" xml:space="preserve">Queſta ragione di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18983" xml:space="preserve">è piu presto d’Architetto, che di Filoſoſo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18984" xml:space="preserve">imperoche chi diria, chel Sole raffrenaſſe, ò rilaſciaſſe i mouimenti del ciclo co
              <lb/>
            i raggi ſuoi come un freno ? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18985" xml:space="preserve">che neceßità ſcioglier à i pianeti da quella forza ? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18986" xml:space="preserve">perche ſe queſto fuſſe, non potreßimo noi uedere tutti i pianeti,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18987" xml:space="preserve">tutte le ſtelle raccolte in una maſſa ? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18988" xml:space="preserve">non è ragioneuole, che i celeſti corpi ſieno ſottopoſti à queſte paßioni, anzi è men conueniente, che que-
              <lb/>
            ſto auuegna, che la predetta ragione di quelli, che danno alcuni ſecreti ſentieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18989" xml:space="preserve">oſcuri alle ſtelle, Ma laſciamo andare tal coſe, è ritornamo à
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0226-06" xlink:href="note-0226-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18990" xml:space="preserve">ilquale dalla riſpoſta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18991" xml:space="preserve">ſolutione della dimanda di ſopra toglie occaſione di leuare una dubitatione, laquale egli steſſo pone, et è questa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18992" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18993" xml:space="preserve">Forſe alcuno può deſiderare di ſapere, perche cagione il Sole dal quinto ſegno lontano da ſe piu preſto, che dal ſecondo
              <lb/>
            ouero dal terzo, che gli ſono piu uicini rittegna in queſti feruori i pianeti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18994" xml:space="preserve">Io come ciò pare, che auuegna eſponerò.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18995" xml:space="preserve">I raggi del Sole ſi ſtendono con lineamẽti come è la forma d’un triangulo, che habbia i lati eguali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18996" xml:space="preserve">ciò non è piu ne
              <lb/>
            meno, che al quinto ſegno da ſe lontano, ſe adunque ſparſi in giro andaſſero uagando per tutto il mondo, ne ſi ſten-
              <lb/>
            deſſero dritti à guiſa di Triangoli le coſe, che piu uicine gli fuſſero abbruccierebbero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18997" xml:space="preserve">queſto pare, che Euripide
              <lb/>
            Poeta Greco habbia molto bene conſiderato dicendo, che quelle coſe, che pin dal Sole rimote ſono, ardono molto
              <lb/>
            piu gagliardamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18998" xml:space="preserve">però ſcriue nella fauola intitolata Phetonte in queſto modo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18999" xml:space="preserve">Arde le coſe, che gli ſon piu ri-
              <lb/>
            mote, Etle uicine piu temprate laſcia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19000" xml:space="preserve">Se adunque, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19001" xml:space="preserve">lo effetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19002" xml:space="preserve">la ragione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19003" xml:space="preserve">la teſtimoniãza dell’antico poeta di
              <lb/>
            moſtra queſto eſſer uero, io nõ penſo biſogni fare altro giudicio di quello, che di ſopra detto hauemo di queſta coſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19004" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19005" xml:space="preserve">Se il Sole ritiene piu feruore quando manda i raggi triangolarmente, ragione è dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19006" xml:space="preserve">che à ſe tiri piu gagliardamente le ſtelle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19007" xml:space="preserve">quelle raſ
              <lb/>
            freni dal corſo loro, ma perche ragione queſto auuegna cioè che piu preſto il Sole faccia queſto effetto nello ſpacio del quinto ſegno, che è lo
              <lb/>
            ſpacio d’uno lato del triangulo eſcludendo però il quinto ſegno, che dal ſecondo, ouero dal terzo ſegno, che ſono piu uicini, egli dimanda hora,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19008" xml:space="preserve">riſponde à ſe ſteſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19009" xml:space="preserve">la proua è pre ſa dallo effetto iſteſſo dalla ragione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19010" xml:space="preserve">dal teſtimonio di Euripide antico poeta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19011" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche tutta queſta
              <lb/>
            materia compreſa dalla ragione di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19012" xml:space="preserve">ci pare che biſogno habbia di maggior chiarezza, però diremo quanto ſi ha da Plinio nel ſecondo li-
              <lb/>
            bro, doue egli parla di queſta mutatione dellaquale Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19013" xml:space="preserve">in questo luogo ne cerca la ragione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19014" xml:space="preserve">Et dice in questo modo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19015" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>