Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div318" type="section" level="1" n="43">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head43" xml:space="preserve">CAP. VII. DELLE RAGION THOSCANE DE SACRI TEMPI.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10382" xml:space="preserve">L luogo nelquale ſi deue ſabricare il tempio quando hauerà ſei parti di longhegza leuandone una,
              <lb/>
            ſi dia il reſtante alla larghezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10383" xml:space="preserve">Ma la lunghezza in due parti ſi diuida, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10384" xml:space="preserve">quella parte, che ſerà di
              <lb/>
            dentro ſia diſſegnata per gli ſpacij delle celle, ma la uicina alla fronte ſia lafciata per porui ordinata
              <lb/>
            mente le colonne, ſimilmente diuiderai la larghezza in parti dieci, di queſte tre ne darai allo ſpacio
              <lb/>
            delle celle minori, che ſono dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10385" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra, ouero le laſcierai doue eſſer deono le ali, ma
              <lb/>
            le altre quattro ſi diano al mezzo del tempio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10386" xml:space="preserve">Lo ſpacio dinanzi le celle nello antitempio coſi diſle-
              <lb/>
            gnato ſia per le colonne, che quelle de gli anguli ſiano dirimpetto à i pilaſtri nelle ultime parti de i pareti, ma le due
              <lb/>
            di mezzo, che ſono dirimpetto à i pareti, che ſono tra i pilaſtri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10387" xml:space="preserve">il mezzo del tempio ſiano coſi diſtribuite, che tra i
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0127-01" xlink:href="note-0127-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            pilaſtri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10388" xml:space="preserve">le prime colonne per mezzo all’iſteſſa fila ne ſian diſpoſte delle altre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10389" xml:space="preserve">ſiano dal baſſo per la ſettima par
              <lb/>
            te della lor altezza, ma l’altezza per la terza parte della larghezza del tempio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10390" xml:space="preserve">la colonna ſia dal diſopra raſtrema-
              <lb/>
            ta per un quarto della groſſezza da baſſo; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10391" xml:space="preserve">le ſpire ſiano alte per la meta della groſſezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10392" xml:space="preserve">habbian l’orlo ſatto à ſeſta
              <lb/>
            alto per la metà della ſua groſezza, il baſtone con l’apophige groſſo quanto è l’orlo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10393" xml:space="preserve">L’altezza del capitello per la
              <lb/>
            meta della groſſezza, la larghezza dello Abaco quanto è la groſſezza dal baſſo della colonna, partiſcaſi poi la groſſez
              <lb/>
            za del capitello in tre parti una ſi da all’orlo, che è in luogo dell’ A baco, l’altra all’ Echino ò Vuouolo che ſi dica, l’altra
              <lb/>
            all’ Hipotrachelio ò collarino con il tondino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10394" xml:space="preserve">l’apophige. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10395" xml:space="preserve">Sopra le colonne imponer ſi deono le traui congiunte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10396" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            concatenate al pari, che riſſeruiuo que modu li nelle altezze loro, che ſerà richieſto dalla grandezza dell’ opera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10397" xml:space="preserve">Et
              <lb/>
            queſte traui, che ſi hanno à legar in ſieme, ſian di tanta groſſezza, quanto è l’hipotrachelio della colonna di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10398" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſiano collegate in modo con chiaui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10399" xml:space="preserve">trauerſi incaſtrati, che quella incaſtratura tegni di ſpacio di due dita larga le
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0127-02" xlink:href="note-0127-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            traui, imperoche toccandoſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10400" xml:space="preserve">non riceuendo ſpiraculo di uento, ſi riſcaldano inſieme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10401" xml:space="preserve">preſto ſi guaſtano Ma ſo-
              <lb/>
            pra le traui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10402" xml:space="preserve">i pareti ſia il trappaſſo de i mutuli ſporti in ſuori per un quarto della groſſezza della colonna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10403" xml:space="preserve">nelle
              <lb/>
            frõti loro dinãzi ſiano aſſitti gli ornamẽti, che antepagmẽti ſi dicono, et ſopra quelli il timpano, che habia i ſuoi ſaſti
              <lb/>
            gi di muro, ò di legno, ma ſopra quel ſaſtigio, ò cima ſi ha à porre il colmello, i canthieri, ò coſtali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10404" xml:space="preserve">i tempiali in mo
              <lb/>
            do che’l grondale nel ſuo ſine alla tcrzera riſponda.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10405" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10406" xml:space="preserve">Qui Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10407" xml:space="preserve">tratta delle ragioni delle opere Thoſcane, hauendoſi ſpedito delle opere de Greci, prima, che io eſpona quanto apartiene alla intelligen-
              <lb/>
            za del preſente luogo, dirò alcune coſe conuenienti à tutte le ragioni deli’opere ſopradette, benche altr oue ne habbiamo detto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10408" xml:space="preserve">Prima io dico
              <lb/>
            che l’opera Dorica, è piu atta à ſoſtentar i peſi, appreſſo è la T boſcana, ſopra la Dorica nel jecondo ordine ſta la Ionica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10409" xml:space="preserve">nel terzo la Co-
              <lb/>
            rinthia come piu ornata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10410" xml:space="preserve">dilicata ad imitatione de gli alberi ſatti dalla natura nel piede rozzi, n@ll’aſcend@r piu ſottili, nella ſommit à piu
              <lb/>
            adorni; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10411" xml:space="preserve">però ſi uede in molti ediſicij l’ordine baſſo eſſer il Dorico, il di mezzo lonico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10412" xml:space="preserve">il di ſopra Corntbio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10413" xml:space="preserve">Oltra di que ſto non ſi douemo
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0127-03" xlink:href="note-0127-03a" xml:space="preserve">03</note>
            merauigliare ſe Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10414" xml:space="preserve">trattando di tutte le ragioni delle maniere del ſabricare, ba trattato delle Thoſcane, percioche l’ Architettura come ho-
              <lb/>
            ſpitc hebbe per li ſuoi primi alberghi l’Etruria, cioè la T oſcana, come ancho ſi legge de gli antichi R e di quella eſſere ſtati molti monumenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10415" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            molte ſabriche generoſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10416" xml:space="preserve">Hora Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10417" xml:space="preserve">dice che la lunghezza del tempio eſſer deue in ſei parti diuiſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10418" xml:space="preserve">cinque di eſſe ſi deono dare alla larghez-
              <lb/>
            za, in modo, che la detta proportione della larghezza alla lunghezza del tempio ſerà ſeſquiquinta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10419" xml:space="preserve">Oltra di queſto uuole, che tutta la lunghez-
              <lb/>
            za ſia partita per metà, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10420" xml:space="preserve">una ſi debbia dare per rinchiudere le celle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10421" xml:space="preserve">l’altra laſciar al portico, ouer antitempio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10422" xml:space="preserve">Fatto queſto uuole, che ſi
              <lb/>
            partiſca la larghezza del tempio in dieci parti, dellequali ne laſcia tre dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10423" xml:space="preserve">tre dalla ſinistra, per compartimento delle picciole celle,
              <lb/>
            lequali ò ſi ſaranno nella teſta, ò da i lati, come accenna Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10424" xml:space="preserve">quando dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10425" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10426" xml:space="preserve">Ouero le laſcierai doue deono eſler le ale.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10427" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10428" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo poi coſi partito ne ſegue, che le altre parti, che ſono quattro, resteranno al mezzo del tempio la onde tale proportione dal mezzo à
              <lb/>
            ciaſcuna delle bande ſer à proportione ſeſquiterza, et in queſto modo ſi ha la diſtributione della parte di dentro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10429" xml:space="preserve">Hora quanto apartiene al colõ
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0127-04" xlink:href="note-0127-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            nato dinanzi, ſaperai che per mezzo gli anguli de i pareti del tempio, ſopra iquali anguli stanno le ante, ò pilaſtri, à dirimpetto ſi deono por-
              <lb/>
            re le colonne, lequali ſono termini della lunghezza del tempio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10430" xml:space="preserve">perche da uno angulo all’ altro è molta diſtanza, per eſſer l’aſpetto areſtilo
              <lb/>
            cioè de liberi intercolumi, però uuole Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10431" xml:space="preserve">che tra le colonne angulari, ne ſiano altre due in modo, che la ſronte ſerà di quattro colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10432" xml:space="preserve">di
              <lb/>
            tre ſpatij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10433" xml:space="preserve">perche tra il pilaſtro & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10434" xml:space="preserve">la colonna angulare ui è molto ſpatio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10435" xml:space="preserve">coſi tra il parete, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10436" xml:space="preserve">le colonne di mezzo, però uuole Vitr.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10437" xml:space="preserve">che ſacciamo un’altro ordine di colonne, nel mezzo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10438" xml:space="preserve">quelle diſpoſte ſiano all’ incontro delle prime ſotto il portico dell’ antitempio, la lunghez
              <lb/>
            za di queſte colonne interiori ſerà maggiore della lunghezza di quelle della ſronte, quanto può ricercar l’ altezza dello Architraue dauanti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10439" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            pare, che per questo Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10440" xml:space="preserve">uoglia, che queſte colonne ſiano alte la ſettima parte dellà loro groſſezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10441" xml:space="preserve">l’altezza ſi prender à prima dalla lar-
              <lb/>
            ghezza del tempio, però ſi diuider à la larghezza del tempio in tre parti, l’una delle quali ſerà l’altezza delle colonne, et queſta altezza par
              <lb/>
            tita in ſette parti, ne darà una alla groſſezza dal piede della colonna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10442" xml:space="preserve">questa groſſezza poi diuiſa in quattro parti dimoſtrer à quanto eſſer
              <lb/>
            debbia raſtremata la colonna. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10443" xml:space="preserve">A me pare che manchi alcuna coſa nel testo di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10444" xml:space="preserve">anzi io direi, che non ſi deſidera piu, ch’una lettera, in mo-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0127-05" xlink:href="note-0127-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            do che la, doue dice qui inter antas, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10445" xml:space="preserve">mediam ædem fuerint diceſſe quae inter antas & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10446" xml:space="preserve">coſi ſi appunterebbe la lettione ſpa
              <lb/>
            tium, quod erit ante cellas in pronao, ita columnis deſignetur, ut angulares contra antas parietum extremorun è
              <lb/>
            regione collocentur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10447" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10448" xml:space="preserve">qui un punto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10449" xml:space="preserve">poi leggaſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10450" xml:space="preserve">Quae inter antas, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10451" xml:space="preserve">mediam aedem fuerint, ita diſttibuantur.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10452" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10453" xml:space="preserve">dimostra come ſi hanno à diſponere le colonne angulari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10454" xml:space="preserve">le di mezzo nella ſronte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10455" xml:space="preserve">le di dentro del pronao, ilche stando coſi, ci lie
              <lb/>
            ua il dubbio del Serlio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10456" xml:space="preserve">del Filandro cerca l’altezza delle colonne, ſimile intendimento, ancho di ſopra s’è ueduto, Ma le miſure delle ſpire,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10457" xml:space="preserve">de i capitelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10458" xml:space="preserve">del reſto ſono ſtate dichiarite di ſopra nel terzo libro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10459" xml:space="preserve">Reſtaci à dichiarire quello, che uuol dire Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10460" xml:space="preserve">quando egli dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10461" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10462" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſopra le traui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10463" xml:space="preserve">ſopra i pareti ſia il trappaſſo de i mutuli ſporto in ſuori per la quarta parte dell’altezza della co-
              <lb/>
            lonna.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10464" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10465" xml:space="preserve">Cioe biſogna che le teſte delle traui trappaßino oltra il parete per un quarto dell’ altezza delle colonne, come dimoſtra la ſigura, ilche ſa un largo
              <lb/>
            piouere, le teſte di queſti trauicelli deono eſſer coperte, con i ſuoi adornamenti aſſitti, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10466" xml:space="preserve">chiama antepagmenti, ò pure egli intende gli
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0127-06" xlink:href="note-0127-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            adornamenti de i ſronteſpicij de i tempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10467" xml:space="preserve">questo è migliore intendimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10468" xml:space="preserve">però dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10469" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <figure number="67">
            <variables xml:id="echoid-variables21" xml:space="preserve">2</variables>
          </figure>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10470" xml:space="preserve">Et nelle fronti di que tempi dinanzi ſiano ſitti gli antepagmẽti,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10471" xml:space="preserve">ſopra quelli il timpano, che habbia i ſuoi ſaſtigi di muro, ò
              <lb/>
            di legno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10472" xml:space="preserve">ſopra quel faſtigio il colmo, ò colmello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10473" xml:space="preserve">i can-
              <lb/>
            thieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10474" xml:space="preserve">i tempiali in modo chel grondale riſponda alla ter-
              <lb/>
            zera del coperto compito.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10475" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10476" xml:space="preserve">Per terzera, che tertiarium è detta intende Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10477" xml:space="preserve">tutta qualla legatura che dal
              <lb/>
            colmo partendoſi ſi allargha in ſorma triangolare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10478" xml:space="preserve">è dalle chiaui è trauer
              <lb/>
            ſi contenuta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10479" xml:space="preserve">rende la ſorma compita del tetto, come appare per la ſigu-
              <lb/>
            ra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10480" xml:space="preserve">a. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10481" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10482" xml:space="preserve">qui è la pianta della maniera Thoſcana, il cui alzato, è à faccie
              <lb/>
            128 ſegnate di numero imperiale.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10483" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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