Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div173" type="section" level="1" n="26">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head26" xml:space="preserve">LIBRO TERZO
            <lb/>
          DELLA ARCHITETTVRA
            <lb/>
          DI M. VITRVVIO.</head>
          <figure number="23">
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div174" type="section" level="1" n="27">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head27" xml:space="preserve">PROEMIO.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5880" xml:space="preserve">IL DELPHICO Apollo nelle riſpoſte date à Pythia, affermò Socrate eſſer di tutti
              <lb/>
            ſapientisſimo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5881" xml:space="preserve">Queſti ſi dice, che cõ prudenza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5882" xml:space="preserve">dottisſimamente diceſſe, che biſogna
              <lb/>
            ua, che i petti de gli huomini fuſſero come fineſtre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5883" xml:space="preserve">aperti, affine chė haueſſero i ſenſi
              <lb/>
            non occulti, ma paleſi ad eſſer conſiderati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5884" xml:space="preserve">Voleſſe Iddio che la natura ſeguitando la
              <lb/>
            opinione di Socrate ſatto haueſſe i petti apparenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5885" xml:space="preserve">chiari, perche ſe ciò ſtato fuſſe,
              <lb/>
            non ſolamente le uirtù, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5886" xml:space="preserve">i uitij de gli animi ſi uederiano, ma anchora le ſcienze delle
              <lb/>
            diſcipline à gli occhi ſottopoſte con certo giudicio ſi approueriano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5887" xml:space="preserve">Ma à gli eruditi,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5888" xml:space="preserve">conoſcenti huomini grande, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5889" xml:space="preserve">ferma riputatione s’accreſcerebbe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5890" xml:space="preserve">Et però perche
              <lb/>
            la natura non à modo d’altri, ma al ſuo coſi fare ha uoluto, non può eſſer, che gli huo-
              <lb/>
            mini con gli ingegni ſotto i petti oſcurati habbiano potuto le aſcoſe ſcienze de gli ar-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0062-01" xlink:href="note-0062-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            tificij, come ſono, giudicare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5891" xml:space="preserve">Et anchora esſi artefici, tutto che promettino la loro
              <lb/>
            prudenza, ſe non haueranno quantità di danari, ò uero non ſeranno ſtati conoſciuti per la uecchiezza delle loro offi-
              <lb/>
            cine, ò non haueranno hauuto gratia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5892" xml:space="preserve">eloquenza da piazza, non poſſono per la induſtria de gli ſtudi loro hauer
              <lb/>
            authorita alcuna, che creduto lor ſia, che ſappiano quello, di che fanno profesſione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5893" xml:space="preserve">Et queſto ſpecialmente ſi può
              <lb/>
            conoſcer da gli antichi ſtatuari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5894" xml:space="preserve">Pittori, che di quelli, coloro che hanno hauuto i ſegni di dignità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5895" xml:space="preserve">la gratia di
              <lb/>
            eſſer commendati con eterna memoria ſi mantengono alla poſterità, come fu Mirone, Policleto, Phidia, Liſippo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5896" xml:space="preserve">
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            gli altri, che hanno con l’Arte loro la nobilità cõſeguita. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5897" xml:space="preserve">Perche come alle gran Città, ò uero à, i, Re, ò uero à i nobili
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            huomini fatto hanno opere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5898" xml:space="preserve">fabriche, coſi ottennero quello, che io ho detto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5899" xml:space="preserve">Ma quei, che ne di manco ſtudio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5900" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ingegno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5901" xml:space="preserve">ſolertia ſtati ſono, ne manco belle opere hanno laſciato, à gli ignobili cittadini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5902" xml:space="preserve">à quelli, che ſono ſta-
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            ti di baſſa conditione di fortuna, non hanno di loro laſciato ricordatione, perche non dall’induſtria, ne dalla ſolertia.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5903" xml:space="preserve">
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0062-02" xlink:href="note-0062-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            dell’Arte, ma dalla felicita ſono ſtati abbandonati, come fu Hellas Athenieſe, Chione Corinthio, Pharace Efeſio,
              <lb/>
            Bedas Bizantino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5904" xml:space="preserve">molti altri. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5905" xml:space="preserve">Similmente i Pittori come Ariſtomene Thaſio, Policle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5906" xml:space="preserve">Atramiteno, Nico-
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            macho, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5907" xml:space="preserve">gli altri, à i quali ne induſtria, ne ſtudio dell’Arte, ne ſolertia mancò, ma ò uero la poca robba, ò la debil
              <lb/>
            fortuna, ò uero nell’ambitione delle concorrenze l’eſſer uinti da gli auerſari impedi la loro grandezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5908" xml:space="preserve">Ne però ſi
              <lb/>
            deue altri merauigliarſi, ſe per l’ignoranza dell’arte s’oſcurano le uirtù, ma grandemente ſdegnarſi quando bene
              <lb/>
            ſpeſſo la gratia de i conuiti luſingheuolmente da, i, ueri giudicij, alla falſa approbatione conduca. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5909" xml:space="preserve">Et però, ſe (come
              <lb/>
            piacque a Socrate) i ſenſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5910" xml:space="preserve">l’openioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5911" xml:space="preserve">le ſcienze creſciute dalle diſcipline, chiare e e perſpicue fuſlero ſtate, non
              <lb/>
            la gratia, non l’ambitione ualerebbe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5912" xml:space="preserve">Ma s’egli ci fuſſe, chi con uere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5913" xml:space="preserve">certe fatiche impiegate nell’imparare le
              <lb/>
            dottrine, ginnto fuſſe al colmo della ſcienza, à queſti ſi darebbe uolentieri l’opere à fare, ma perche quelle non ſo-
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            no illuſtri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5914" xml:space="preserve">apparenti, nello aſpetto (come penſamo che biſognaua) anzi io uedo piu preſto gli indotti, che i dot
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0062-03" xlink:href="note-0062-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            ti di gratia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5915" xml:space="preserve">di fauore ſuperare, non iſtimando io, che buono ſia il contender con gli ignoranti di ambitione, piu
              <lb/>
            preſto con tai precetti dimoſtrerò la uirtù della ſcienza noſtra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5916" xml:space="preserve">Nel primo libro adunque, ò Imperatore ti hò eſpo-
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            ſto dell’Arte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5917" xml:space="preserve">che potere ella habbia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5918" xml:space="preserve">di che diſcipline faccia biſogno che l’Architetto ornato ſia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5919" xml:space="preserve">ſoggiunſi le
              <lb/>
            cagioni perche coſi biſognaua, che egli ammaeſtrato fuſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5920" xml:space="preserve">diuiſi in ſomma le ragioni dell’Architettura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5921" xml:space="preserve">diuiſe
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            io le ho poſcia diffinite, oltra ciò quello che era prima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5922" xml:space="preserve">neceſſario delle mura, come far ſi debbia la elettione de, i,
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            luoghi ſani con diſcorſi ho dimoſtrato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5923" xml:space="preserve">i uenti quanti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5924" xml:space="preserve">quali ſieno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5925" xml:space="preserve">da che parti ſpirino, con diſcrittioni di
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            linee ho eſpoſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5926" xml:space="preserve">inſegnato à fare, i, giuſti compartimenti delle piazze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5927" xml:space="preserve">de i borghi dentro le mura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5928" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi ho
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            poſto fine al primo uolume. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5929" xml:space="preserve">Nel ſecondo io ho fornito di trattare della materia, che utilità ſi habbia da eſſa ne gli
              <lb/>
            edificij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5930" xml:space="preserve">che forza le dia la natura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5931" xml:space="preserve">Hora nel terzo dirò de i Tempi de gli immortali Dei, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5932" xml:space="preserve">in che maniera deono
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            eſſer diſſegnati.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5933" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5934" xml:space="preserve">DETTO ha Vitruuio nel Primo Libro al terzo capo che tre ſono le parti della Architettura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5935" xml:space="preserve">Vna dellequali era la
              <lb/>
            Edificatione, detto ha ſimilmente, che la edificatione er a in due parti diuiſa, una delle quali apparteneua alla Fabrica del-
              <lb/>
            le mura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5936" xml:space="preserve">delle opere communi, ne, i, publici luoghi, l’altra era tutta nelle priuate fabriche collocata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5937" xml:space="preserve">Ha uoluto, che
              <lb/>
            le distributioni delle publiche opere fußero di tre maniere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5938" xml:space="preserve">L’una pertinente alla Diffeſa, l’altra alla Religione, la ter-
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            za alla Opportunità, nel medeſimo Libro ha fornito quanto s’aſpettaua alla Difeſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5939" xml:space="preserve">Doueua poſcia delle Fabriche per-
              <lb/>
            tinenti alla Religione trattare, ma parendogli molto neceſſario eſponere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5940" xml:space="preserve">la materia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5941" xml:space="preserve">il modo per porre la materia
              <unsure/>
              <lb/>
            inſieme (come detto hauemo) diede ſoggetto al Secondo Libro, nel quale chiaramente della materia piu neceſſaria alle Fabriche, ha uoluto trat
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            tare eſponendo la natura, l’uſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5942" xml:space="preserve">le ragioni di quella, pero hauendoſi da quella ſbrigato, ritorna hora alla Diſtributione delle coſe pertinen
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0062-05" xlink:href="note-0062-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ti alla Religione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5943" xml:space="preserve">tratta de i Sacri Tempi nel terzo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5944" xml:space="preserve">nel quarto Libro abbracciando tutto il corpo della preſente materia, per ilche ſi
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            può dire che qui comincia tutto il bello, che di mano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5945" xml:space="preserve">d’ingegno s’aſpetta dallo Architetto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5946" xml:space="preserve">Qui l’Ordine ha luogo, qui la Diſpoſitione ſi
              <lb/>
            troua, qui ſi uede la Simmetria, il Decoro, la Gratia & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5947" xml:space="preserve">la Diſtributione, nelle qual coſe il ualor dello Architetto, la forza dell’ Arte l’Acutez-
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            za dello ingegno riluce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5948" xml:space="preserve">Onde ſi può dire con il gran Poeta.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5949" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5950" xml:space="preserve">O´ Muſe, ò alto ingegno hor m’aiutate
              <lb/>
            O´ Mente, che ſcriueſti ciò ch’io uidi
              <lb/>
            Qui ſi parrà la tua Nobilitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5951" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5952" xml:space="preserve">Et ueramente, ė degna conſideratione quella, che ſi far à ſopra la preſente materia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5953" xml:space="preserve">molto gentilmente è ſtato auuertito da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5954" xml:space="preserve">imperoche
              <lb/>
            ſapendo egli la grande importanza della coſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5955" xml:space="preserve">che infinita, è la ſchier a de gli ſciocchi, s’ha moſſo à deſiderar quello, che Socrate deſidera-
              <lb/>
            ua, che foſſe nella fabrica dell’huomo, ciò, è che ogn’uno haueſſe una finiſtrella nel petto, accioche dentro ſi uedeſſe la Scienza l’Arte, e il Bene,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0062-06" xlink:href="note-0062-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            che ui fuſſė, perche la Gratia, il Fauore, la Fortuna luogo darebbeno quando il dotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5956" xml:space="preserve">l’intelligente con l’imperito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5957" xml:space="preserve">ignorante di
              <lb/>
            pari ueniſſero al giuditio delle genti, ſarebbe la uirtu di piu ſtima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5958" xml:space="preserve">l’Arroganza cederebbe alla Modeſtia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5959" xml:space="preserve">Credo io, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5960" xml:space="preserve">haueſſe bello,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5961" xml:space="preserve">alto penſiero, uiuo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5962" xml:space="preserve">ſoaue guſto delle alte ragioni dell’ Architettura, onde in ſe ſteſſogodendone deſideraua, che tutto il mondo conoſceſſe
              <lb/>
            la bellezza della uirtù, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5963" xml:space="preserve">però concorreua nella oppinione di Socrate, la dignit à delquale ſopra tutti gli huomini fu giudicata dall’Oraculo
              <lb/>
            che per nome d’ A pollo fu dato alla ſua ſacer doteſſa Pithia nominata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5964" xml:space="preserve">Certamente io ho oßeruato, che non ſenza grande cagione Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5965" xml:space="preserve"/>
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