Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div771" type="section" level="1" n="140">
          <pb o="271" file="0281" n="290" rhead="DECIMO."/>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div774" type="section" level="1" n="141">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head141" xml:space="preserve">CAP. XVI. DELLE RAGIONI DELLE BALISTE.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22547" xml:space="preserve">IO HO DETTO delle ragioni delle Catapulte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22548" xml:space="preserve">di che membri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22549" xml:space="preserve">con che proportioni ſi fac
              <lb/>
            ciano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22550" xml:space="preserve">Ma la ragione delle Baliſte ſono uarie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22551" xml:space="preserve">differenti, però tutte ſono ad uno effetto drizzate,
              <lb/>
            perche altre con Stanghe, altre con Molinelli, alcune con molte Taglie, e con molti raggi, alcune
              <lb/>
            con Argane, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22552" xml:space="preserve">altre con Ruote e Timpani ſono tirate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22553" xml:space="preserve">Ma con tutto queſto niuna Baliſta ſi fa ſe
              <lb/>
            non ſecondo la propoſta grandezza del ſaſſo, che da tale ſtrumento ſi manda, però della ragione di
              <lb/>
            quelle non è ageuole à tutti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22554" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22555" xml:space="preserve">eſpedita coſa trattarne, ſe non à quelli, che hanno l’arte di numera-
              <lb/>
            re, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22556" xml:space="preserve">di moltiplicare, perche ſi fanno ne i capi alcuni Fori per gli ſpacij de i quali tirate ſono & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22557" xml:space="preserve">caricate, con capello
              <lb/>
            di Donna ſpecialmente, ò con neruo le Funi, lequali ſi pigliano dalla proportione della grandezza del peſo, di quel
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0281-01" xlink:href="note-0281-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            faſſo, che ha da eſſer tirato dalla Baliſta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22558" xml:space="preserve">Si come dalla lunghezza della ſaetta detto hauemo pigliara ſſi la miſura delle
              <lb/>
            Catapulte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22559" xml:space="preserve">Ma accioche ancho quelli, che non hanno le ragioni della Geometria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22560" xml:space="preserve">della Arithmetica posſino eſpe-
              <lb/>
            ditamente operare, perche nel pericolo della guerra non ſiano occupati nel penſarui ſopra, io faro manifeſto ridu-
              <lb/>
            cendo la coſa alla ragione de i noſtri peſi quelle coſe, che io ho hauute per certe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22561" xml:space="preserve">quelle che in parte io ho appreſe
              <lb/>
            da mei Precettori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22562" xml:space="preserve">con quali coſe i peſi de i Greci habbian riſpetto à, i moduli ſommariamẽte io ſon per eſponere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22563" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22564" xml:space="preserve">Si può creder molto à Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22565" xml:space="preserve">in questa materia percioche egli era prepoſto all’artegliarie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22566" xml:space="preserve">all’apparato delle Baliſte, Scorpioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22567" xml:space="preserve">delle Ca-
              <lb/>
            tapulte, ſecondo che egli afferma nella dedicatione del Libro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22568" xml:space="preserve">Potemo ancho uedere quanto neceſſario ſia ali’ Architetto la cognitione del-
              <lb/>
            l’ Arithmetica, et della Geometria, come egli ha detto nel Primo Libro, perche le proportioni de numeri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22569" xml:space="preserve">le ſolutioni delle coſe, che cõ nume
              <lb/>
            ri non ſi poſſono fare, ma ſi bene per uia di linee, come prouato hauemo nel Nono Libro, uẽgono da l’arte del numerare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22570" xml:space="preserve">da l’arte del miſu-
              <lb/>
            rare, et qui ci ſerue quella dimãda di trouare le linee di mezzo proportionali à dua date, ſecõdo che dice Archimede, et Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22571" xml:space="preserve">delle ragion loro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22572" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div776" type="section" level="1" n="142">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head142" xml:space="preserve">CAP. XVII. DELLA PROPORTIONE DELLE PIETRE,
            <lb/>
          CHE SI DEONO TRARRE AL FORO
            <lb/>
          DELLA BALISTA.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22573" xml:space="preserve">QVELLA Baliſta, che deue mandar fuori una pietra di due libre hauerà il foro del ſuo capitello di
              <lb/>
            cinque dita, ſe di quattro libre, dita ſei, ſe di otto dita ſette, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22574" xml:space="preserve">noue parti, ſe di dieci, dita otto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22575" xml:space="preserve">no-
              <lb/>
            ue parti, ſe di uinti dita dieci, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22576" xml:space="preserve">noue parti, ſe di quaranta, dita dodici e mezzo & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22577" xml:space="preserve">K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22578" xml:space="preserve">ſe di ſeſſanta
              <lb/>
            dita tredeci, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22579" xml:space="preserve">l’ottaua parte d’un dito, ſe di ottanta dita quindeci, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22580" xml:space="preserve">noue parti d’un dito. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22581" xml:space="preserve">Se di cen
              <lb/>
            to e uinti, piedi uno e mezzo, e d’un dito e mezzo *** *** ſe di cento e ottanta, piedi due & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22582" xml:space="preserve">dita cin-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0281-03" xlink:href="note-0281-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            que, ſe di ducento libre piedi due, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22583" xml:space="preserve">di dita ſei, ſe di ducento e dieci, piedi due, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22584" xml:space="preserve">dita ſette *** *** ſe di
              <lb/>
            ducento e cinquanta, piedi due dita undeci e mezzo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22585" xml:space="preserve">Determinata la grandezza del foro facciaſi una Scutula detta
              <lb/>
            da Greci Peritritos, che per lunghezza ſia due ſori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22586" xml:space="preserve">della duodecima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22587" xml:space="preserve">ottaua parte d’un foro, la larghezza due fo
              <lb/>
            ri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22588" xml:space="preserve">della ſeſta parte d’un foro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22589" xml:space="preserve">Partiſcaſi la metà della diſſegnata linea, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22590" xml:space="preserve">poi che ſerà partito ſiano ritirate e raſtre-
              <lb/>
            mate le ultime parti di quella forma di modo, che quella linea habbia la ſua torta diſſegnatione per la ſeſta parte del-
              <lb/>
            la lunghezza, ma di larghezza la doue è la ſua piega habbia la quarta parte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22591" xml:space="preserve">Ma la doue è la curuatura, la doue gli an
              <lb/>
            guli cõ i capi loro ſportano in fuori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22592" xml:space="preserve">i fori ſi deono uoltare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22593" xml:space="preserve">il raſtremamẽto deue tornar in dietro per la ſeſta par
              <lb/>
            te della larghezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22594" xml:space="preserve">Il foro ſi fa di forma alquãto lõghetta tanto, quãto è groſſo l’Epizige, poi che coſi ſerà formato par
              <lb/>
            tiſcaſi à torno di modo, che ell’habbia la eſtrema curuatura dolcemente uoltata *** *** la groſſezza ſia d’un foro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22595" xml:space="preserve">Fa-
              <lb/>
            cianli i moggetti di fori 11 e mezzo la larghezza 159 *** *** la groſſezza oltra quello, che entra nel foro ſia di fori 51, al-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0281-04" xlink:href="note-0281-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            l’ultimo de la larghezza ſia di foro 15. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22596" xml:space="preserve">la longhezza delle erte ſia di fori V S 5. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22597" xml:space="preserve">la curuatura per la metà d’un foro la
              <lb/>
            groſſezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22598" xml:space="preserve">u. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22599" xml:space="preserve">d’un foro & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22600" xml:space="preserve">LX. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22601" xml:space="preserve">parte egli ſi da di piu alla larghezza quanto s’è fatto appreſſo il foro nella deſcrittione
              <lb/>
            in larghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22602" xml:space="preserve">groſſezza la. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22603" xml:space="preserve">V. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22604" xml:space="preserve">parte di un foro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22605" xml:space="preserve">L’altezza la quarta parte, la longhezza della regola che è nella mẽſa
              <lb/>
            è di fori otto, la larghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22606" xml:space="preserve">la groſlezza, per la metà del foro, la groſſezza del Cardine 112 *** ***. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22607" xml:space="preserve">groſſezza del foro
              <lb/>
            299 *** *** la curuatura della regola 15 K la larghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22608" xml:space="preserve">groſſezza della regola eſteriore tanto, la lunghezza, che ci da-
              <lb/>
            ra la uerſura della formatione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22609" xml:space="preserve">la larghezza dell’erta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22610" xml:space="preserve">la ſua curuatura K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22611" xml:space="preserve">Ma le regole di ſopra ſerãno eguali alle
              <lb/>
            regole di ſotto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22612" xml:space="preserve">K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22613" xml:space="preserve">le menſe del trauerſo di fori unK la lunghezza del Fuſto del Climacyclo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22614" xml:space="preserve">di fori tredici *** *** la groſ-
              <lb/>
            ſezza di tre K lo ſpacio di mezzo largo una quarta d’un foro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22615" xml:space="preserve">*** la groſſezza un’ottaua *** *** K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22616" xml:space="preserve">la parte di ſopra del
              <lb/>
            Climaciclo che è uicina congiunta alla menſa per tutta la ſua lunghezza ſi parte in cinque parti, dellequali due ſi dã
              <lb/>
            no à quel membro, che Greci chiamano Chilon *** *** la larghezza 5. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22617" xml:space="preserve">la groſſezza 9 *** la lunghezza di tre fori e mez-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0281-05" xlink:href="note-0281-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            zoK. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22618" xml:space="preserve">le parti prominenti del chilo di mezzo foro, quella del Plenthigomato di 3. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22619" xml:space="preserve">d’ un foro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22620" xml:space="preserve">d’un Sicilico. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22621" xml:space="preserve">Et quel-
              <lb/>
            lo, che è à i Perni, che ſi chiama la Fronte trauerſa è di tre fori, la larghezza delle regole di dentro 5. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22622" xml:space="preserve">d’un foro, la groſ-
              <lb/>
            ſezza 3 K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22623" xml:space="preserve">il riempimento dell’orecchia che è per coprire la Securina s’intende K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22624" xml:space="preserve">la larghezza, del fuſto del Climaci-
              <lb/>
            do 25. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22625" xml:space="preserve">la groſſezza di fori dodici K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22626" xml:space="preserve">la groſſezza del quadrato, che è preſlo al Climaciclo F S d’un foro, ne gli eſtremi K.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22627" xml:space="preserve">ma il Diametro dell’ Aſſe ritondo ſerà eguale al chilo, alle chiauette. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22628" xml:space="preserve">5. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22629" xml:space="preserve">manco una ſeſtadecima K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22630" xml:space="preserve">la longhezza dell’an
              <lb/>
            teridio di fori F 111 9, la larghezza da baſſo 5 ***: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22631" xml:space="preserve">d’un foro la groſſezza di ſopra 2 K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22632" xml:space="preserve">la Baſa, che ſi chiama Eſcara per
              <lb/>
            longhezza è di fori *** la contra baſa di fori quattro *** *** la larghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22633" xml:space="preserve">groſſezza dell’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22634" xml:space="preserve">dell’altra *** *** d’un
              <lb/>
            foro, ſi caccia à mezzo una Colõna di altezza K. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22635" xml:space="preserve">la cui larghezza, e groſſezza e d’un foro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22636" xml:space="preserve">mezzo, ma l’altezza non
              <lb/>
            ha proportione di foro, ma ſerà baſtante, quello che ſerà neceſſario all’uſo *** *** d’un braccio la lunghezza di fori VI
              <lb/>
            *** *** la groſſezza nella radice ne gli eſtremi F. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22637" xml:space="preserve">Io ho eſpoſto quelle Simmetrie trattando delle Baliſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22638" xml:space="preserve">delle Ca-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0281-06" xlink:href="note-0281-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            tapulte, che io ho giudicato ſommamente eſpedite, ma come ſi carchino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22639" xml:space="preserve">tirino con funi torte di neruo, è di ca-
              <lb/>
            pelli, quanto potrò con i ſcritti abbracciare non laſcierò.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22640" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22641" xml:space="preserve">Et qui che potemo noi dire in tanta ſcorrettione di teſto? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22642" xml:space="preserve">in tanta conſuſione di miſure, e in tanta oſcurità di uocaboli? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22643" xml:space="preserve">Mirabile era certo questa
              <lb/>
            machina tirãdo fin ducento è cinquanta libre di peſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22644" xml:space="preserve">ci uoleua una grandisſima manifattura, di parti e membri di eſſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22645" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div778" type="section" level="1" n="143">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head143" xml:space="preserve">CAP. XVIII. DELLE TEMPRE, E CARCATVRE DELLE
            <lb/>
          BALISTE, ET DELLE CATAPVLTE.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22646" xml:space="preserve">PIGLIANSI traui lunghisſimi ſopra i quali ſi cõficcano i gattelli, dentro de quali uãno i naſpi,
              <lb/>
            ma per mezzo gli ſpacij di quelle traui ſi tagliano dentro le forme, nellequali s’inueſtono i capitel-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0281-07" xlink:href="note-0281-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            li delle Catapulte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22647" xml:space="preserve">con cugni ſono fermati, e tenuti accioche nel caricarle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22648" xml:space="preserve">tirarle non ſi moui-
              <lb/>
            no. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22649" xml:space="preserve">Piglianſi poi i moggetti di Rame, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22650" xml:space="preserve">quelli ſi mettono dentro ne i capitelli, dentro i quali uan
              <lb/>
            no i cugnetti di ferro detti da Greci Epiſchidi, oltra di queſto ui ſi pongono le anſe delle corde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22651" xml:space="preserve">ſi
              <lb/>
            fanno paſſare dall’altra parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22652" xml:space="preserve">d’indi ſe riportano ài Naſpi, inuolgẽdoſi nelle ſtãghe, accioche per
              <lb/>
            quelle ſteſe, e tirate le corde quãdo con le mani ſeranno tocche, habbian eguale riſpõdenza di ſuono nell’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22653" xml:space="preserve">l’al-
              <lb/>
            tra parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22654" xml:space="preserve">quãdo queſto haueremo fatto queſto allhora con cugni à i Fori, ſi ſerrano di modo, che non poſſono </s>
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