Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div778" type="section" level="1" n="143">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22654" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="272" file="0282" n="291" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            ammollarſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22655" xml:space="preserve">coſi fatti paſſare nall’altra parte cõ la iſteſſa ragione cõ le ſtãghe ſi ſtẽdono per li Naſpi, fin che ſuoni-
              <lb/>
            no egualmente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22656" xml:space="preserve">coſi cõ i ſerramenti de i cugni ſi tẽprano le Catapulte al ſuono con udito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22657" xml:space="preserve">orecchia Mnſicale.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22658" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22659" xml:space="preserve">Queſto accennò Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22660" xml:space="preserve">nel Primo Libro uolendo, che lo Architetto haueſſe qualche ragione di Muſica, perche ſe è quella proportione da ſuono, à
              <lb/>
            ſuono, che è da ſpatio à ſpatio, non prima ſerrar ſi deono i Fori posti ne i capi, per liquali ſi tirano le funi torte, che rendino ſuoni eguall, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22661" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            allhora renderanno ſuoni eguali, che ci ſera paritȧ de ſpatij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22662" xml:space="preserve">eguale tiramento dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22663" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra delle funi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22664" xml:space="preserve">quando queſto dal-
              <lb/>
            l’orecchia ſer à udito, alhora ſer à molto bene temperata la carcatura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22665" xml:space="preserve">il colpo ſer à dritto e giuſto, come la ragione ci dimoſtra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22666" xml:space="preserve"/>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div780" type="section" level="1" n="144">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head144" xml:space="preserve">CAP. XIX. DELLE COSE DA OPPVGNARE, E DA DIFFENDERE,
            <lb/>
          ET PRIMA DELLA INVENTIONE DELLO ARIETE
            <lb/>
          ET DELLA SVA MACHINA.</head>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22667" xml:space="preserve">IO HO detto quello, che io ho potuto di queſte coſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22668" xml:space="preserve">Reſtami dire delle Machine da battere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22669" xml:space="preserve">da
              <lb/>
            oppugnare in che modo cõ machinationie uittorioſi Capitani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22670" xml:space="preserve">le Città eſler posſino diffeſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22671" xml:space="preserve">Pri
              <lb/>
            ma quanto appartiene alla oppugnatione, coſi ſi dice eſſer’ſtato ritrouato l’Ariete. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22672" xml:space="preserve">I Carthagineſi
              <lb/>
            per oppugnar Gade s’accãparono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22673" xml:space="preserve">hauendo prima preſo il Caſtello ſi sforzarono di gettarlo à ter
              <lb/>
            ra, ma poi che non haueuano ferramenti per roinarlo preſero una traue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22674" xml:space="preserve">queſta cõ le mani ſoſte-
              <lb/>
            nendo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22675" xml:space="preserve">urtãdo con uno de capi continuamẽte andauano ſcalcinãdo la ſommità del muro, è ſman
              <lb/>
            tellando i primi corſi delle pietre à poco à poco leuarono tutta la diffeſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22676" xml:space="preserve">Dapoiaccade, che un certo Fabro di Tiria
              <lb/>
            detto Pefaſmeno indutto da queſta ragione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22677" xml:space="preserve">inuentione, drizzata un’antenna da quella ne ſoſpeſe un’altra per tra
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0282-02" xlink:href="note-0282-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            uerſo in bilancia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22678" xml:space="preserve">coſi tirãdo indietro, e ſpignendo inanzi con gran colpi roinò il muro di Gaditani.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22679" xml:space="preserve">Ma Cetra Cal
              <lb/>
            cedonio fece prima un Baſamento di legno poſto ſopra ruote, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22680" xml:space="preserve">poi ſopra ui fabricò con traui dritti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22681" xml:space="preserve">con chiaui, e
              <lb/>
            trauerſi uno ſteccato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22682" xml:space="preserve">in queſti ſoſpeſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22683" xml:space="preserve">appicco l’Ariete, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22684" xml:space="preserve">di Corami de buoi fece la coperta, accioche piu ſicu-
              <lb/>
            ri foſſero quelli, che nella machina poſti fuſſero, à batter la muraglia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22685" xml:space="preserve">queſta ſorte di machina per eſſer alquanto
              <lb/>
            tarda ne i forzi ſuoi, fu dal detto Teſtudine Arietaria nominata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22686" xml:space="preserve">Poſti adunque da prima queſti gradi, à tal ſorte di
              <lb/>
            machina, auenne dapoi che quãdo Philippo figliuolo d’Aminta ſi poſe all’aſſedio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22687" xml:space="preserve">à batter Bizantio, che Polindo
              <lb/>
            Theſalo ui aggiunſe molte ſorti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22688" xml:space="preserve">molte facilità, dalqual poiimpararono Diade, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22689" xml:space="preserve">Cherea, che andarono al ſoldo cõ
              <lb/>
            Aleſſandro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22690" xml:space="preserve">Perche Diade nei, ſuoi ſcritti dimoſtra hauer trouato, le Torri, che andauano, lequali ancho disfatte ſo
              <lb/>
            lea portar nello eſſercito. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22691" xml:space="preserve">Oltra di queſto egli trouò la Triuella, la machina aſcēdente, per laquale à pie piano ſi pote
              <lb/>
            ua paſſare alla muraglia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22692" xml:space="preserve">Et ancho trouò il Coruo, che roinaua le mura, detto Grue da alcuni. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22693" xml:space="preserve">Similmente uſaua lo
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0282-03" xlink:href="note-0282-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            Ariete con le ruote di ſotto, le ragioni delquale egli ci laſciò ſcritte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22694" xml:space="preserve">dice, che la piu picciola Torre non deue eſſer
              <lb/>
            mẽ alta di cubiti 60. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22695" xml:space="preserve">larga 17, raſtremata di ſopra la quinta parte del ſuo diſotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22696" xml:space="preserve">che le erte da baſſo di 10 parti d’un
              <lb/>
            piede, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22697" xml:space="preserve">di ſopra di mezzo piede ſi douean fare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22698" xml:space="preserve">che biſogna fare quella Torre di 10 tauolati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22699" xml:space="preserve">che per ogni lato
              <lb/>
            hauer deue le ſue fineſtre. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22700" xml:space="preserve">Ma la Torre piu grãde doueua eſſer alta 120 cubiti, larga 22 e mezzo *** *** & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22701" xml:space="preserve">raſtremata di
              <lb/>
            ſopra ſimilmente la quinta parte ***: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22702" xml:space="preserve">i ſuoi dritti ò erte dal ſondo d’un piede, dal di ſopra di mezzo piede, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22703" xml:space="preserve">queſta
              <lb/>
            altezza egli faceua di 20 tauolati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22704" xml:space="preserve">ciaſcuno tauolato haueua il circuito di tre cubiti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22705" xml:space="preserve">la copriua di corami crudi,
              <lb/>
            accioche fuſſero da ogni colpo ſicure. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22706" xml:space="preserve">L’apparecchio della Γ eſtuggine Arietaria ſi faceua con la iſteſſa ragione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22707" xml:space="preserve">Per-
              <lb/>
            che haueua lo ſpacio di 30 cubiti, l’altezza oltra la ſommità di 16. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22708" xml:space="preserve">ma l’altezza della ſommità del ſuo piano di 7 cubiti.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22709" xml:space="preserve">Vſciua in alto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22710" xml:space="preserve">ſopra il mezzo faſtigio del tetto una Torricella nõ meno larga di 12 cubiti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22711" xml:space="preserve">di ſopra s’alzaua in
              <lb/>
            altezza di 4 tauolati, nellaquale dal tauolato di ſopra ſi poneuano gli Scorpioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22712" xml:space="preserve">le Catapulte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22713" xml:space="preserve">dalla parte di ſot-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0282-04" xlink:href="note-0282-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            to ſi raccoglieua una grande quātità diacqua per eſtinguer il fuoco, caſo che egli ui fuſſe gettato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22714" xml:space="preserve">Poneuaſi ancho in
              <lb/>
            eſſa la machina Arietaria, detta da Greci Chriodochi, nella quale ſi poneua un baſtone, ò morello fatto al torno ſo-
              <lb/>
            pra ilquale era poſto l’Ariete, che à forza di funi tirato inanzi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22715" xml:space="preserve">indietro faceua coſe merauiglioſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22716" xml:space="preserve">queſto ancho
              <lb/>
            come la Torre era di corami crudi coperto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22717" xml:space="preserve">Quãto alla Triuella egli ci laſciò ſcritto queſte ragioni. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22718" xml:space="preserve">Egli faceua quella
              <lb/>
            machina, come una teſtuggine, che nel mezzo nelle ſue erte haueua un canale, come ſi ſuol far nelle Baliſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22719" xml:space="preserve">nelle
              <lb/>
            Catapulte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22720" xml:space="preserve">Queſto canale era longo 50 cubiti, alto uno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22721" xml:space="preserve">in eſſo ſi poneua per trauerſo un Naſpo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22722" xml:space="preserve">dal capo dalla
              <lb/>
            deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22723" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra due taglie, per lequali ſi moueua quel traue col capo ferrato, che ui era dẽtro, ſotto lo iſteſſo ca
              <lb/>
            nale quelli, che erano rinchiuſi ſicuri, faceuano piu preſti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22724" xml:space="preserve">piu gagliardi i mouimenti di quella. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22725" xml:space="preserve">Sopra quel traue,
              <lb/>
            che iui era ſi gettauano gl’archi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22726" xml:space="preserve">i uolti per coprire il canale, accioche ſoſteneſſero il corame crudo, colquale era
              <lb/>
            quella machina in uolta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22727" xml:space="preserve">Del Coruo egli non pensò che fuſſe da ſcriuere alcuna coſa, hauendo auuertito, che quella
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0282-05" xlink:href="note-0282-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            machina non era di alcun ualore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22728" xml:space="preserve">Ma della machina che s’accoſtaua Grecamente Epiuatra nominata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22729" xml:space="preserve">delle machi-
              <lb/>
            natione da mare, che poſſono entrar nelle Naui, egli ſolamente ha promeſſo di ſcriuere, io ho bene auuertito, che
              <lb/>
            egli non ci ha le ſue ragioni eſplicate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22730" xml:space="preserve">Io ho ſcritto quelle coſe, che appartengono allo apparecchio delle machine
              <lb/>
            ſcritte da Diade. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22731" xml:space="preserve">Hora io dirò quelle coſe, che io ho hauuto da miei precettori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22732" xml:space="preserve">che à me pareno di utilità.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22733" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22734" xml:space="preserve">Le coſe tratate nel preſente cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22735" xml:space="preserve">della inuẽtione dello Ariete, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22736" xml:space="preserve">della Fabrica ſua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22737" xml:space="preserve">delle Torriè Testuggini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22738" xml:space="preserve">della Triuella, et delle altre ma
              <lb/>
            chine ſono aſſai bene inteſe, però non mi par’ che ſianeceſſario tentar di eſplicarle meglio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22739" xml:space="preserve">di queſte ſe ne fa mentione appreſſo gli Hiſtorici,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22740" xml:space="preserve">de gli effetti loro ſe ne parla copioſamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22741" xml:space="preserve">inomi di queste machine, come gli altri ſono preſi dalle ſorme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22742" xml:space="preserve">da gli effetti loro, come
              <lb/>
            facilmente ſi può intender, ſenza noſtra fatica.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22743" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div782" type="section" level="1" n="145">
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head145" xml:space="preserve">CAP. XX. DELL’ APPARECCHIO DELLA
            <lb/>
          TESTVGGINE PER LE FOSSE.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22744" xml:space="preserve">LA TESTVGGINE, che ſi apparecchia alla congeſtione delle Foſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22745" xml:space="preserve">che ancho ſi puo acco-
              <lb/>
            ſtare alle mura in queſto modo ſi deue fare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22746" xml:space="preserve">Facciaſi una Baſa detta Eſchara da Greci, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22747" xml:space="preserve">ſia queſta
              <lb/>
            quadrata per ogni lato piedi uinticinque, i ſuoi trauerſi quattro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22748" xml:space="preserve">queſti contenuti ſiano da altri
              <lb/>
            due trauerſi grosſi f. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22749" xml:space="preserve">5. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22750" xml:space="preserve">larghi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22751" xml:space="preserve">5. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22752" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22753" xml:space="preserve">ſian queſti trauerſi diſtanti tra ſe da un piede e mezzo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22754" xml:space="preserve">per
              <lb/>
            ogni ſpacio di quelli ſiano ſottopoſti alcuni arborſcelli Amaxopodes detti da Greci, nei quali ſi
              <lb/>
            uoltano i Perni delle ruote cerchiati di lame di ferro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22755" xml:space="preserve">quegli arborſcelli ſiano coſi temperati, che
              <lb/>
            habbian i Cardini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22756" xml:space="preserve">i Fori loro per doue le ſtanghe paſſando poſſano quelli à torno uoltare, accioche inanzi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22757" xml:space="preserve">in-
              <lb/>
            dietro dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22758" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22759" xml:space="preserve">per torto in angulo, doue ricercherà il biſogno per gli arborſcelli inanzi mo-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0282-07" xlink:href="note-0282-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            uer ſi posſino, ſopra la baſa poſti ſiano due trauicelli, che ſportino in una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22760" xml:space="preserve">nell’altra parte ſei piedi, d’intorno à que
              <lb/>
            gli ſporti conficcati ne ſian due altri che ſportino inanzi le ſronti piedi ſette grosſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22761" xml:space="preserve">larghi come ſono quelli, che
              <lb/>
            nella Baſa deſcritti ſono, ſopra queſta collegatura drizzar ſi deono le portelle congiunte, oltra i Cardini di piedi no-
              <lb/>
            ue, groſſe per ogni uerſo un piede, è un palmo, lontane una dall’altra un piede e mezzo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22762" xml:space="preserve">Siano queſte dal diſopra rin
              <lb/>
            chiuſe tra le traui cardinate, ſopra le traui poſti ſiano i capreoli, ò chiaui, che co i cardini l’uno entri dentro l’altro
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22763" xml:space="preserve">ſiano leuati piedi noue, ſopra i capreoli ſi pone un traue quadrato, che lega, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22764" xml:space="preserve">congiugne i traui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22765" xml:space="preserve">queſti da i </s>
          </p>
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