Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div279" type="section" level="1" n="37">
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9422" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="105" file="0111" n="120" rhead="QVARTO"/>
            drizzarle ſi ſpezzaſſero non ſuſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9423" xml:space="preserve">la ſpeſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9424" xml:space="preserve">la ſatica gettata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9425" xml:space="preserve">In ſomma riſpondino (come ho detto altre uolte) le coſe deſtre alle ſinistre,
              <lb/>
            le dinanz@, alle di dietro, l’alte alle baſſe, le eguali all’ineguali, in modo, che ogni coſa poſta ſia al luogo ſuo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9426" xml:space="preserve">Io ho detto con che ragione è ſtata
              <lb/>
            ritrouata la miſura delle colonne. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9427" xml:space="preserve">Voglio hora ſare auuertiti alcuni, iquali ſi merauigliano, che Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9428" xml:space="preserve">steſſo, non pur altri, che hanno ſabrica
              <lb/>
            to tra gli antichi Architetti, s’habbia alcuna uolta ſcoſtato dalle dette miſure. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9429" xml:space="preserve">Detto ho di ſopra con l’autorità di Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9430" xml:space="preserve">che largione delle coſe,
              <lb/>
            e in ſe uera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9431" xml:space="preserve">durabile, onde con la proportione ſe ne uiue, e sta ſenza oppoſitione, ma non ſempre diletta quel ſentimẽto dell’animo noſtro,
              <lb/>
            ilquale ſorſe piu adentro per aſcoſa ſorza di natura penetrando non conſente, à gliocchi, che la pura, e ſemplice proportione alcuna ſiata
              <lb/>
            diletti, ma dalla materia delle coſe, dalla grandezza, dalla diſtanza (come ho detto) richiede alcuna maniera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9432" xml:space="preserve">ſorma, che acconci quello gra-
              <lb/>
            tioſamente, che troppo ſemplicemente ci porge la miſura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9433" xml:space="preserve">proportione, come nelle statue antiche ſi uede altre di noue, altre di dieci, altre
              <lb/>
            tra noue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9434" xml:space="preserve">dieci teſte ſormate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9435" xml:space="preserve">nella Muſica ci ſono ſimilmente alcuni ſuoni, che dolcemente uengono alle orecchie, che però non ſi chiama
              <lb/>
            no conſonanze, però dico che ogn’uno ceſſar deue di merauigliarſi, quando ritroua in molte opere la miſura alquanto uariata, et diuerſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9436" xml:space="preserve">E aſ
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0111-01" xlink:href="note-0111-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            ſai trailmaggiore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9437" xml:space="preserve">minore ecceſſo contenerſi uariando imezzi con giudicio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9438" xml:space="preserve">ſottigliezza d’auuertimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9439" xml:space="preserve">però da gli ſpatij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9440" xml:space="preserve">ua
              <lb/>
            ni, Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9441" xml:space="preserve">ha regolato nel terzo libro l’altezza delle colonne, ne mai è uſcito de i termini. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9442" xml:space="preserve">Plinio nel trenteſimo ſeſto libro al trenteſimo terzo
              <lb/>
            capo parla delle colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9443" xml:space="preserve">delle miſure loro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9444" xml:space="preserve">del Tempio di Diana Eſeſia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9445" xml:space="preserve">delle ſue proportioni. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9446" xml:space="preserve">Oltra le tre predette maniere di colon
              <lb/>
            ne ci ſono le Attiche quadrangulari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9447" xml:space="preserve">di pari ſpacio de lati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9448" xml:space="preserve">Quello che dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9449" xml:space="preserve">di Callimacho Architetto, che per la eleganza dell’arte
              <lb/>
            era detto Cachizotecnos, altri leggono Tixitecnon, perche ſottilmente poliua l’arte ſua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9450" xml:space="preserve">ſorſe quadra meglio à Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9451" xml:space="preserve">La Simmetria,
              <lb/>
            ouero compartimento di quel Capitello, in queſto modo far ſi deue, che quãto ſerà la groſſezza della colonna da pie
              <lb/>
            di tanto ſia l’altezza del capitello con il dado. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9452" xml:space="preserve">Ma la larghezza del dado coſi habbia la ragion ſua, che quan to ſerà l’al
              <lb/>
            tezza, due tanti ſia la diagonale, percioche gli ſpatij haueranno per ogni uerſo le ſrõti giuſte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9453" xml:space="preserve">Le fronti della larghez
              <lb/>
            za ſiano in dentro piegate da gli eſtremi anguli del dado per la nona parte della larghezza della fronte ſua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9454" xml:space="preserve">Habbia al
              <lb/>
            baſſo del Capitello tãta groſſezza, quanto è la colõna di ſopra, oltra l’Apotheſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9455" xml:space="preserve">lo Aſtragalo, Che dalla ſorma da moder
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0111-02" xlink:href="note-0111-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            ni come lor parte tõdino, è collarino uien detto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9456" xml:space="preserve">La groſſezza del dado per la ſettima dell’altezza del capitello. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9457" xml:space="preserve">Toltane la groſ-
              <lb/>
            ſezza del dado diuidaſi il reſto in tre parti, dellequali una ſi dia al ſoglio da baſſo, il ſecõdo ſoglio habbia l’altezza di
              <lb/>
            mezzo, i cauletti la iſteſſa altezza tẽghino, dai quali naſcono fuori le foglie, che riceueno il dado. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9458" xml:space="preserve">Dalle foglie de i cau
              <lb/>
            letti nate eſchino ſin ſu gli eſtremi anguli. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9459" xml:space="preserve">Le uolute, ma le rittorte minori, che Helices dette ſono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9460" xml:space="preserve">che ſottopoſte
              <lb/>
            ſono à i ſiori poſti nel mezzo del dado nelle fronti ſiano ſcolpite, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9461" xml:space="preserve">intagliate, i ſiori da quattro parti ſormati ſiano
              <lb/>
            tanto grandi quãto è la groſſezza del dado, coſi in queſte riſpõdenze di miſure ſormati ſeranno i capitelli corinthij.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9462" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9463" xml:space="preserve">Io ho eſpoſto di ſopra queſta compoſitione aſſai chiaramente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9464" xml:space="preserve">dimoſtratela in diſſegno, uero è che ſi ha auuertito appreſſo gli antichi che ſitro
              <lb/>
            ua il dado eſſer oltra la teſta del capitello, ilche ſorſe gli daua maggior ſueltezza.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9465" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9466" xml:space="preserve">Sono ancho le manieie de i capitelli, che alle medeſime colonne s’impongono con diuerſi uocaboli nominate, dei qua
              <lb/>
            li ne le propieta delle miſure, ne la maniera delle colonne potemo nominare, ma conoſcemo, cheiuocaboli di
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0111-03" xlink:href="note-0111-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            quelli ſtati ſono trasferiti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9467" xml:space="preserve">mutati da i capitelli Corinthij, ò Puluinati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9468" xml:space="preserve">Dorici, le Simmetrie de i quali ſtate ſo-
              <lb/>
            no in ſottigliezza di noue ſculture trapportate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9469" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9470" xml:space="preserve">La maggior parte de i belli ediſici antichi ſono di maniera compoſta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9471" xml:space="preserve">queſta maniera è uaria, ſecondo la diuerſità delle proportioni, che ſi com
              <lb/>
            pongono inſieme, però non ha nome propio, benche à di nostri ſe le dia il nome d’ltaliana. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9472" xml:space="preserve">Veggonſi tanti capitelli, con tanta diuerſità di
              <lb/>
            lauori, che non ci è numero, altri con ſoglie d’Oliua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9473" xml:space="preserve">ſono bellisſimi, altri hanno legature d’ammali, altre di altre coſe ſecondo la ſantaſia
              <lb/>
            de cõpoſitori, che però deono eſſer garbati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9474" xml:space="preserve">eſſere ad imitation di qualche opera dinatura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9475" xml:space="preserve">Et di questa maniera ſi dirà nel ſine del libro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9476" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div286" type="section" level="1" n="38">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head38" xml:space="preserve">CAP. II. DE GLIORNAMENTI.
            <lb/>
          DELLE COLONNE.</head>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9477" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">Perche</emph>
            di ſopra le Origini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9478" xml:space="preserve">le inuentioni delle colonne ſecondo le maniere loro ſono deſcrit-
              <lb/>
            te, egli non mi par lontano dal propoſito noſtro con leiſteſſe ragioni trattare de gli ornamenti di
              <lb/>
            quelle, come ſono nati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9479" xml:space="preserve">con quai principij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9480" xml:space="preserve">da che origini ritrouati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9481" xml:space="preserve">In tutti gli ediſicij ſi po-
              <lb/>
            ne di ſopra la trauatura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9482" xml:space="preserve">l’opera di legname con diuerſi uocaboli nominata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9483" xml:space="preserve">ſi come nelle no-
              <lb/>
            minanze, coſi nell’ effetto ritoene diuerſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9484" xml:space="preserve">uarie utilità, imperoche ſopra le colonne pilaſtri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9485" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ante ſi pongono le traui, ne i taſſelli e trauature i piccioli traui, e gli asſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9486" xml:space="preserve">ſotto à i tetti ſe gli ſpa-
              <lb/>
            tij maggiori iono ui ua il colmello nel ſommo del colmo, onde poi dette ſono le colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9487" xml:space="preserve">ancho ſi pongono i tra-
              <lb/>
            uicelli attrauerſati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9488" xml:space="preserve">le chiaui, ma ſe gli ſpacij non ſeranno tanto grandi, ma commodi il colmello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9489" xml:space="preserve">i Cantieri uen
              <lb/>
            ghino in fuori ſin’all’ eſtremo del grondale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9490" xml:space="preserve">ſoprai Cantieri ſtiano i Tempiali, ò Pianelle, dapoi di ſopra ſotto le
              <lb/>
            tegole gli Aſſeri, che ſportino in modo, che da gli ſporti loro coperti ſiano i pareti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9491" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9492" xml:space="preserve">Mirabile dottrina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9493" xml:space="preserve">pratica di Architettura ci inſegna Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9494" xml:space="preserve">nel preſente capo, percioche eglici rende conto di tutti gli adornamenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9495" xml:space="preserve">mem-
              <lb/>
            bri, che ſopra le colonne ſi mettono, dimoſtrandoci chiar amente l’origine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9496" xml:space="preserve">la inuentione di quelli, dalche laragione di molti uocaboli nel pre
              <lb/>
            ſente luogo ci appare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9497" xml:space="preserve">Certo è (come ſpeſſo ho detto) che dalla necesſità alla magniſicenza del ſabricare ſono gli arteſici peruenuti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9498" xml:space="preserve">Lanatura
              <lb/>
            c’impoſe lanecesſità, ma l’animo grande acceſo dalla concorrenza cercò di auanzar ſe ſteſſo, ſiche i primi ſabricarono, come lor ſatto ueniua,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9499" xml:space="preserve">quanto il biſogno richiedeua, ſucceſſero le conteſe d’auanzarſi l’un l’altro, ma però ſi ſondauano le inuentioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9500" xml:space="preserve">gli accreſcimenti ſopra
              <lb/>
            la imitatione di quelle coſe, che per loro natura doueuano eſſer tali però niuna coſa ſecero ne gli adornamẽti, di che non ne poteſſero pienamen
              <lb/>
            te rendere laragione dalla imitatione delle coſe ſatte per necesſità, ilche perche non ſia accaduto Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9501" xml:space="preserve">ce lo dimoſtra in queſto modo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9502" xml:space="preserve">Eleuato lo
              <lb/>
            ediſicio nella già dimoſtrata ſorma, dal ſondamento ſin alla cima de i Pareti, colonne, e muri, biſognaua coprirlo, accicche perſettamente ſi ue
              <lb/>
            deſſe il ſine dell’opera, nel coperto era neceſſario prouedere, che i pareti unitiſteſſero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9503" xml:space="preserve">legati inſieme. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9504" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9505" xml:space="preserve">il coperto acconciamente ſi ripo
              <lb/>
            ſaſſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9506" xml:space="preserve">La onde per hauer quanto s’è detto, e da ſapere, che biſogna ſar tutto queſto lauoro di legname, che materiatio è detto da Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9507" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9508" xml:space="preserve">conoſce
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0111-06" xlink:href="note-0111-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            re diſtintamente inomi, gli eſſetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9509" xml:space="preserve">il ſito di tutte le parti, ſaperemo adunque come alcuna uolta gli ſpatij da coprire ſono grandi, alcuna uol
              <lb/>
            ta minori, ſecondo la grandezza de gli ediſici, e diſtanza de i pareti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9510" xml:space="preserve">Però nelle legature de i tetti ui ua piu, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9511" xml:space="preserve">meno artiſicio, ſecondo il
              <lb/>
            biſogno, ſopra le colonne, ſoprai pilaſtri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9512" xml:space="preserve">ſopra le ante ui uanno gli Architraui come s’è detto, cioè le traui maeſtre. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9513" xml:space="preserve">Ma nell’opera di le-
              <lb/>
            gname che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9514" xml:space="preserve">chiama contignatione, ui uanno alcuni trauicelli, che Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9515" xml:space="preserve">chiama tigna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9516" xml:space="preserve">le aſſe, che ſono tauole ſeccate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9517" xml:space="preserve">in queſto conuen
              <lb/>
            gono tutte le opere di legname. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9518" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe’l tetto ſi ſpanderà molto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9519" xml:space="preserve">ſerà troppo largo nella ſommità del colmo ui ua per longo uno traue
              <lb/>
            maeſtro, che ſi chiama in Latino Columen, colmello noi dicemo, dalquale naſcono come ſigliuoli tutti i legamenti del tetto, ſi come del-
              <lb/>
            la ſpina maestra nel peſce naſcono tutte le altre. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9520" xml:space="preserve">Et ſor ſe di qua è uſurpato quello, che ſi ſuol dire il tale e dital columello, ci ſon’ i trauerſi
              <lb/>
            ci ſono ancho le chiaui dette capreoli dalla ſimiglianza de pampini che legano la uite, perche coſi quelli abbracciano i Cantieri, ma i trauicelli at
              <lb/>
            trauerſati ſi dicono latinamente transtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9521" xml:space="preserve">uolgarmente Cadena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9522" xml:space="preserve">ſono quelli ſopra i quali ſi ripoſſano le chiaui. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9523" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe il tetto ſerà commo
              <lb/>
            do, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9524" xml:space="preserve">non porter à pericolo di slegarſi ouero ſchiauarſi, ſi potrà bastare il colmello ſolamente con i canteri ſuoi, che ſono alcuni legni lun-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0111-07" xlink:href="note-0111-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            ghi del tetto iquali uengono dal colmo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9525" xml:space="preserve">diſcendeno dai lati inſino ſotto le grõdi, ſopra queſti canteri, iquali ſanno parere iltetto come una
              <lb/>
            galea riuerſcia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9526" xml:space="preserve">uſaſi tra noi di dire la galea eſſer in cantiero, quando è ſatto il ſuo corbame, ui uannoi Tempiali, che ſono trauetti, iqua
              <lb/>
            liuanno à trauerſo i cantieri incontra le ſronti del tetto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9527" xml:space="preserve">Soprai tempiali, ui uanno gli Aſſeri, che ſono legni larghi quattro once, che uanno
              <lb/>
            ſopra i tempiali, come i Cantieri di ſotto, ſopra queſti aſſeri ui ſi pongono le tegole, i capi dellequali ſi ſcontrano ripoſando ſopra il mezzo de
              <lb/>
            gli Aſſeri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9528" xml:space="preserve">queſto è quanto la necesſità ci ha dimoſtrato, ſi perche il tetto steſſe in piouere, accioche s’egli ſuſſe piano, non poteſſe ſopportar
              <lb/>
            le neui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9529" xml:space="preserve">gli altri impeti delle tempeſte, ſi perche ſcacciaſſe de i pareti le acque, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9530" xml:space="preserve">ſuſſe benisſimo legato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9531" xml:space="preserve">queſto è quanto Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9532" xml:space="preserve">ha detto
              <lb/>
            fin hora, ilquale hauendo diſpoſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9533" xml:space="preserve">la trauatura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9534" xml:space="preserve">il tetto ſecondo il biſogno dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9535" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9536" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi ogni coſa ſi uedrà conſeruare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9537" xml:space="preserve">il luogo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9538" xml:space="preserve">la maniera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9539" xml:space="preserve">la maniera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9540" xml:space="preserve">l’ordine propio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9541" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9542" xml:space="preserve">Hora tenendoſi à mente gli eſſetti di ciaſcuna delle ſopradette coſe potremo benisſimo ſapere la origine de gli ornamenti, che nelle opere di pie-
              <lb/>
            tra ſono ſtati introdutti da i grandi Architetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9543" xml:space="preserve">con che ragione s’habbiano à fare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9544" xml:space="preserve">per piu ſacile facile intelligenzale figure ſon queste.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9545" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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