Vitruvius Pollio, I dieci libri dell?architettura, 1567

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <subchap1>
              <subchap2>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001510">
                    <pb pagenum="73" xlink:href="045/01/081.jpg"/>
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  ria, & dì forma naturale. </s>
                  <s id="s.001511">& uolle, che queſti fuſſero inſiniti, cioè di numero grandiſſimo, & di
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                  figure diuerſe. </s>
                  <s id="s.001512">& però altri ritondi, altri piani, altri dritti, altri adunchi, altri aeuti, altri rin
                    <lb/>
                  tuzzati, altri di quadrata, altri d'altra forma facendo, & nel uacuo del mondo diſpergendogli,
                    <lb/>
                  uoleua, che per la unione, & per la ſeparatione di quelli ſatta diuerſamente, ſi produceſſero le
                    <lb/>
                  coſe, & mancaſſero, come ci appare. </s>
                  <s id="s.001513">Et queſta era l'opinione di Democrito, per la quale ſi com
                    <lb/>
                  prende, ch egli uoluto habbia, & creduto, che la natural figura, & apparenza de i corpi ſia la
                    <lb/>
                  forma loro ſoſtantiale, & uera; il che in uero non è, perche la figura è accidente, & non ſoſtan­
                    <lb/>
                  za delle coſe. </s>
                  <s id="s.001514">Pare che Vitr. uoglia, che Democrito habbia hauuto la opinione de i Pithagoriciſe
                    <lb/>
                  bene egli non ha nominato aere, acqua, terra, nè fuoco: & forſe per queſta cagione egli nell'otta
                    <lb/>
                  uo libro non ha fatto mentione di queſto. </s>
                  <s id="s.001515">Ma dichiamo anchora noi alcuna coſa. </s>
                  <s id="s.001516">Quattro ſono i
                    <lb/>
                  <18>rincipij materiali di tutte le coſe ( come uogliono gli antichi, che gli chiamorono primi corpi )
                    <lb/>
                  & queſti ſono terra, acqua, aete, & fuoco. </s>
                  <s id="s.001517">Et ſe piu oltra paſſare ſi uoleſſe, egli ſi potrcbbe
                    <lb/>
                  dire anche queſti eſſer compoſti d'altri principij; ma non ſi conuiene piu adentro penetrare in que­
                    <lb/>
                  ſto luogo. </s>
                  <s id="s.001518">perche hora ſi tratta di que principij, le qualità de i quali fanno tutte le mutationi, &
                    <lb/>
                  gli effetti, che nelle coſe ſi trouano, & quelle qualità deono eſſer manifeſte come ne i ſeguenti uer­
                    <lb/>
                  ſi tratti dalle noſtre Meteore ſi dimoſtra.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001519">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Poi che da prima il mondo giouanetto
                    <lb/>
                  Moſtrò ſua bella faccia, che confuſa,
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                  Ogni forma teneua in un' aſpetto:
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001520">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Et la diuina mano aprio la chiuſa
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                  A gli elementi, & in gioconda uece
                    <lb/>
                  Fu ſua uirtute nelle coſe infuſa.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001521">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Delle piaggie mondane ancora fece
                    <lb/>
                  L'ordine bello, e'l uariato ſtile,
                    <lb/>
                  A beneficio dell' humana ſpece.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001522">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Dalla terra l'humor, l'aura gentile
                    <lb/>
                  Dal foco ſcielſe, & a que corpi diede
                    <lb/>
                  Loco ſublime, a queſti baſſo, e humile.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001523">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Et ſe l'un per diſtanza l'altro eccede,
                    <lb/>
                  Pure han tra lor uirtù conueniente,
                    <lb/>
                  Ond'il tutto qua giu d'indi procede.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001524">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Etra lor ben ſi cangiano ſouente,
                    <lb/>
                  Et la terra nell' acqua riſoluta
                    <lb/>
                  Rara diuenta, liquida, & corrente.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001525">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  L'Humor la ſua grauezza anche rifiuta,
                    <lb/>
                  E s' aſſotigliain aer, & queſti ancora
                    <lb/>
                  In ſottiliſſimo foco ſi tramuta.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001526">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  In queſto uariar non ſi dimora,
                    <lb/>
                  Ch'il fuoco ſcema la ſua leggierezza,
                    <lb/>
                  Et per la nuoua forma ſi ſcolora.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001527">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  L'aer lubrico, & graue a piu chiarezza
                    <lb/>
                  Si moue del liquor, che a maggior pondo,
                    <lb/>
                  Giugne la ſiccitade, & la ſodezza.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001528">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Coſi natura uariando il mondo,
                    <lb/>
                  Ripara d'una in l'altra la ſemenza',
                    <lb/>
                  Delle coſe, che'l fan bello, & giocondo.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001529">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Onde'l morir non è, ſe non ſtar ſenza
                    <lb/>
                  L'eſſer di prima, e'l naſcer cominciare
                    <lb/>
                  Altr'eſſer, altra forma, altra apparenza.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001530">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Queſto continuato uariare
                    <lb/>
                  Dello ſtato mondano ordine tiene,
                    <lb/>
                  Soggetto alle uirtù celeſti, & chiare
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001531">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Ch'indi lo eterno corſo lo mantiene,
                    <lb/>
                  Lo tempra, & lo diſcerne, & uariande
                    <lb/>
                  In pro di noi uiuenti lo ritiene. </s>
                  <s id="s.001532">
                    <lb/>
                  Et la miſura d'ogni coſa è'l quando.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001533">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Quattro adunque ſono le prime qualità, inanzi le quali niun'altra ſi troua. </s>
                  <s id="s.001534">Caldo, ſecco, hu­
                    <lb/>
                  mido, & freddo. </s>
                  <s id="s.001535">da queſte per le loro meſcolanze uengono tutte le altre, duro, molle, aſpro, pia
                    <lb/>
                  no, dolce, amaro, lieue, graue, tenace, raro, denſo, & ogni altra ſeconda qualità. </s>
                  <s id="s.001536">la doue è
                    <lb/>
                  neceſſario, che lo Architetto, il quale ha da conſiderare la bontà, & gli effetti della materia,
                    <lb/>
                  che egli deue adoperare, ſappia le forze delle prime qualità, come dice Vitr. quando nel fine del
                    <lb/>
                  preſente Capo dice
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  {
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Vedendoſi adunque, che dal corſo di que principij conuenientemente compo
                    <lb/>
                  ſti
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  }
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  & il reſtante. </s>
                  <s id="s.001537">Quattro anche ſono le poſſibili, & naturali concorrenze delle prime qualità
                    <lb/>
                  ne gli elementi; imperoche ſtanno inſieme l'humore e'l calore, l'humore e'l freddo, il freddo e'l
                    <lb/>
                  ſecco, il ſecco e'l caldo: & ciaſcuno de gli elementi ha due di quelle, ma una gli è propria, l'altra
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                  appropriata. </s>
                  <s id="s.001538">Il fuoco propriamente è caldo, l'aere humido, l'acqua fredda, la terra ſecca, &
                    <lb/>
                  appropriatamente il fuoco è ſecco, l'aere caldo, l'acqua humida, la terra fredda. </s>
                  <s id="s.001539">Quelli elemen
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
              </subchap2>
            </subchap1>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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