Vitruvius Pollio, I dieci libri dell?architettura, 1567

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    <archimedes>
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                  <s id="s.001781">
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                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  lore ſouo detti latinamente concha. </s>
                  <s id="s.001782">i compimenti trapoſti ſono tra l'oſſa, & l'apriture, & al­
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                  tre parti. </s>
                  <s id="s.001783">Hora ſi dirà quanto ſi conuenga a ciaſcuna parte. </s>
                  <s id="s.001784">il che accioche commodamente ſi
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                  faccia, ſi dirà della quantità, & qualità delle pietre. </s>
                  <s id="s.001785">Sono le pietre ouero di ſoperficie, anguli,
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                  & linee eguali dette, quadrate, ouero uariate; & ſono dette incerte. </s>
                  <s id="s.001786">ſono alcune grandi, che
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                  ſenza ſtromenti, & machine non ſi poſſono maneggiare; altre minute, che con una mano ſi leua­
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                  no; altre mezane, dette giuſte. </s>
                  <s id="s.001787">Hanno le pietre qualità diuerſa; perche alcune ſono uiuaci
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                  forti, ſuccoſe, come la ſelice, & il marmo, nelle quali è innato il ſuono, & la ſodezza: altre
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                  eſauſte, & leggieri, come è il Tofo, & le pietre arenoſe. </s>
                  <s id="s.001788">I marmi ſono proſſimi all'honor delle
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                  gemme per la bellezza, & gratia loro, & ſpecialmente que marmi nobili, che per la uarietà
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                  di colori, o per la gran bianchezza o finezza, & ſplendore, o traſparenza danno mer auiglia,
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                  come il Pario, il Porfido, il Serpentino, l'Alabaſtro, & altri ſimiglianti marmi meſchi, o gra­
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                  niti. </s>
                  <s id="s.001789">Il ſelice ueramente ha molte qualità, duro, tenero, tenace, friabile, graue, leggiero, o
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                  che in eſſo non puo il fuoco, o ſi conuerte in cenere, & è ſquamoſo, ſopporta il freddo, & l'ac­
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                  que, non riſplende, però non è marmo: entra però nelle fabriche, come anche alcuni ſaſſi. </s>
                  <s id="s.001790">Ma
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                  la cote come la Damaſchina, il Tocco, che proua i metalli, alcune pietre, che nelle Indie ſi uſano
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                  per tagliare, ſono per aguzzare i ferri, ſi conſumano a poco a poco con ſe ſteſſe, ma preſto con­
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                  ſumano le altre coſe. </s>
                  <s id="s.001791">& la parte che è riuolta al Sole è migliore di quella di ſotto; perche dal So­
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                  le ſi fanno perfette. </s>
                  <s id="s.001792">I ſaſſi ſono diuerſi per la proprietà, come la calamita, per la uirtù, il Calamo­
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                  co, per lo colore, l'Amochriſo per la pittura, l'Alabandico per la forma, il Trochite per la no­
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                  biltà di reſiſtere al fuoco, come la Magneſia all'acqua. </s>
                  <s id="s.001793">la proprietà della calamita è nota; tira
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                  & ſcaccia il ferro, dimoſtra le parti del Cielo, & i uenti a i nauiganti, & fa effetti merauiglioſi
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                  con incognite cauſe. </s>
                  <s id="s.001794">La ſpuma della canna detta Calamoco, è fortiſſima, & calidiſſima, & con­
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                  ſuma i corpi in quella ſepolti. </s>
                  <s id="s.001795">il Trochite è ſtriato o canellato nel piano, & nel mezo del piano
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                  ha un punto, dal quale ſi parteno tutti i canali, & il piano è circondato da un lieue timpanuzzo
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                  & ſi muoue da ſe ſoprapoſtoui l'aceto, l'Amochriſo, cioè arena d'oro, ha colore d'oro, è ſqua­
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                  glioſa: & ſe ne fa poluere da ſeccar le ſeritture l'Alabandico dimoſtra in ſe uarie figure. </s>
                  <s id="s.001796">Ma di
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                  queſti ſaſſi pochi ſono all'uſo delle fabriche, benche per alcuni adornamenti poſſono eſſer prez­
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                  zati. </s>
                  <s id="s.001797">Io ho detto della quantità, & qualità delle pietre; hora io dirò del modo di porle inſieme,
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                  & prima di alcune auuertenze. </s>
                  <s id="s.001798">Ogni pietra deue eſſer intiera, non fangoſa, ma bagnata bene,
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                  & ſe eſſer puo, di torrente. </s>
                  <s id="s.001799">le intiere dal ſuono ſi conoſceno. </s>
                  <s id="s.001800">le cauate di nuouo ſono piu atte, la
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                  pietra altre fiate adoperata non rieſce, & non ſi attacca bene, perche di gia ha beuuto l'humore,
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                  altri con minute pietre, & molta calce empieno le fondamenta, altri ui metteno ogni ſorte di rot­
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                  tame. </s>
                  <s id="s.001801">Egli ſi deue imitar la natura, che nel fare i monti tra le piu ſode pietre tramette la piu te­
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                  nera materia: coſi ſopra grandi, quadrate, & intiere pietre ſi getta gran copia di calce ſtempera
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                  ta. </s>
                  <s id="s.001802">le piu gagliarde parti delle pietre ſi pongono, oue è biſogno di maggior fermezza. </s>
                  <s id="s.001803">Se la pie­
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                  tra è atta a romper ſi non in lato ſi ponga, ma ſteſa giacendo. </s>
                  <s id="s.001804">la faccia della pietra, che è taglia­
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                  ta per trauerſo, è piu forte, che quella, che è tagliata per lungo, nel fondar le colonne non è ne­
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                  ceſſario di continuare il fondamento, ma ſi fa ſotto la colonna, (accioche col peſo loro non fori­
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                  no la terra) fare un muretto, & tirare da colonna a colonna un'arco riuerſcio. </s>
                  <s id="s.001805">La pietra ſecca
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                  & ſitibonda uuole ſabbia di fiume, la hurnida per natura, quella di caua. </s>
                  <s id="s.001806">non ſi adoperi arena
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                  di mare nelle opere riuolte all'Oſtro. </s>
                  <s id="s.001807">a minute pietre ſpeſſa, & ſoda calce ſi ponga; benche la
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                  tenace ſia ſtata da gli antichi approuata. </s>
                  <s id="s.001808">Gioua di bagnare ſpeſſo la muratura. </s>
                  <s id="s.001809">non uogliono quel­
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                  le pietre eſſer bagnate, che dentro non ſiano humide, & negreggianti eſſendo rotte, o ſpezzate. </s>
                  <s id="s.001810">
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                  Le gran pietre sdrucciolando per lo liquido meglio ſi aſſettano, & però deono andare ſopra tenera
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                  & liquida calce. </s>
                  <s id="s.001811">Hora ci reſta a dire delle maniere del murare. </s>
                  <s id="s.001812">Tre ſono le maniere del murare l'or
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                  dimaria, la incerta, la reticulata. </s>
                  <s id="s.001813">Di queſte tratta Vitr. nel preſente Capo, & per dichiaratio­
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                  ne maggiore, ſi eſporranno alcune uoci. </s>
                  <s id="s.001814">Et prima cemento, è pietra roza, non tagliata, uul­
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                  gare ſenza determinata forma: ogni giorno per Roma ne uanno i giumenti carichi. </s>
                  <s id="s.001815">Et in terra
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
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            </subchap1>
          </chap>
        </body>
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    </archimedes>
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