Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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            <pb o="282" file="514.01.314" n="314" rhead="LIBER"/>
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div723" type="section" level="2" n="136">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head144" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De Gnomonicis rationibus ex radij Solis per umbram inuen-
              <lb/>
            tis, & mundo, atque planetis.
              <emph style="sc">Cao.IIII.</emph>
            </head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21378" xml:space="preserve">EA autem ſunt diuina mente comparata, habentq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21379" xml:space="preserve">admirationem magnam conſideranti=
                <lb/>
              bus, quod umbra gnomonis æquinoctialis alia magnitudine eſt Athenis, alia Alexan-
                <lb/>
              driæ, alia Romæ, non eadem Placentiæ, cæterisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21380" xml:space="preserve">orbis terrarum locis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21381" xml:space="preserve">Itaque longè
                <lb/>
              aliter diſtant deſcriptiones horologiorum locorum mutationibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21382" xml:space="preserve">Vmbrarum enim
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.314-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.314-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              æquinoctialium magnitudinibus deſignantur anelem matorum formæ, ex quibus perſiciuntur ad ra-
                <lb/>
              tionem locorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21383" xml:space="preserve">umbræ gnomonum, horarum deſcriptiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21384" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21385" xml:space="preserve">Mirabilis eſt ea, quæ hoc loco de rebus Aſtronomicis doctrina traditur a Vitruuio, ſed admiranda magis eſt
                <lb/>
              breuitas, ideo ſumma cum diligentia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21386" xml:space="preserve">animi ſagacitate conſideranda ſunt ea, quæ hoc volumine pertra-
                <lb/>
              ctantur, in quo breuiſſime, quæ ab alijs multis uoluminibus nix explicantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21387" xml:space="preserve">ſacillime exiguntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21388" xml:space="preserve">Neigi-
                <lb/>
              tur confundamur, ponam ego ordine ſingula ſecundum Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21389" xml:space="preserve">verha, quæ non uerha, ſed ſententiæ potius indi-
                <lb/>
              candæ ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21390" xml:space="preserve">Agit ergo in hoc uolumine de ratione borologiorum, quæ ſolis radijs, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21391" xml:space="preserve">umbrarum productio-
                <lb/>
              nibus deſcribuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21392" xml:space="preserve">Quoniam uero umbra non eſt niſi ubi luminoſum corpus ſit, a quo radij emiſſi ab opaco
                <lb/>
              impediuntur corpore, ideo de corporibus cœleſtibus agit, e quibus radij emittuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21393" xml:space="preserve">Et hac occaſione cœli
                <lb/>
              motionem amplectitur, figuram quoque, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21394" xml:space="preserve">menſuram totius. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21395" xml:space="preserve">Inducit hoc negotium hoc modo, quod uidentes
                <lb/>
              nos diem nocti parem, quod tempus æquinoctium uocatur, Martio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21396" xml:space="preserve">Septembrimenſe medio fere aduenient,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.314-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.314-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              omnibus, præter ijs, qui ſub æuinoctiali, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21397" xml:space="preserve">ijs qui ſub axe ſunt, quoniam illis ſemper, ijs nunquam est æqui-
                <lb/>
              noctium. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21398" xml:space="preserve">Videntes inquam huiuſmodi noctium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21399" xml:space="preserve">dierum æ quabilitatem, conſiderantesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21400" xml:space="preserve">meridianam um-
                <lb/>
              bram diuerſis orbis regionibus uario, ac diuerſo modo reſpondere ædificiorum, arborum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21401" xml:space="preserve">aliarũ rerum ere-
                <lb/>
              ctarum altitudinibus, nam nonnullis in locis pars, alijs maior, alijs minor umbra meridiana æquinoctialis ui-
                <lb/>
              detur, magnam ſumimus admirationis occaſionem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21402" xml:space="preserve">inde naturali impetu, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21403" xml:space="preserve">appetitu ad inuestigationem hu-
                <lb/>
              ius rei diuerſitatis ferimur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21404" xml:space="preserve">Cumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21405" xml:space="preserve">uideamus umbrarum diuerſitatem non poſſe aliunde uenire, niſiab ipſa
                <lb/>
              Solis altitudine, cum Sol eo tempore alibi altior, alibi preſſior eſt, aggredimur ad conſiderationem curſus So-
                <lb/>
              lis: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21406" xml:space="preserve">itaque quod in cælo efficere non poſſumus, id in terra lineamentis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21407" xml:space="preserve">ſiguris deſignamus, ratione totius
                <lb/>
              ad unguem ſeruantes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21408" xml:space="preserve">Quiuero ſubtidlius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21409" xml:space="preserve">melius eas deſcriptiones inuenerit, is ingenio prope diuino eſse
                <lb/>
              putandus eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21410" xml:space="preserve">Atque hoc eſt, quod hactenus a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21411" xml:space="preserve">dictum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21412" xml:space="preserve">nam alia umbra meridiana alibi tempore
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.314-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.314-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              æquioctij cognoſcitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21413" xml:space="preserve">ex hac diuerſitate umbrarum fiunt analemmata. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21414" xml:space="preserve">Quid uero ſit analemma decla-
                <lb/>
              rat hoc modo.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21415" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21416" xml:space="preserve">Analemma eſt ratio conquiſita Solis curſu, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21417" xml:space="preserve">umbræ creſcentis, a brumæ ob ſeruatione inuenta, c
                <lb/>
              qua per rationes Architectonicas circiniq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21418" xml:space="preserve">deſcriptiones eſt inuentus effectus in mundo.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21419" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21420" xml:space="preserve">Annum ueteres a bruma incipiebant, nonnulli hibernum ſolſtitium uocant, quod eſt a medio fere Decembri
                <lb/>
              menſe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21421" xml:space="preserve">animaduerterunt in meridie brumæ umbram eſſe longiorem, quàm in reliquo tempore meridiano: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21422" xml:space="preserve">ideo
                <lb/>
              colligebant tunc temporis ſolem minus eſſe ſupra horizonta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21423" xml:space="preserve">Deſcribentes igitur in plano circulos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21424" xml:space="preserve">erigentes
                <lb/>
              gnomones, lineas a deſcriptis circulis ducebant ad acumen gnomonum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21425" xml:space="preserve">eas lineas producentes adſubie-
                <lb/>
              ctam lineam, tanquam ad planum, comparabant umbrarum longitudines gnomonum altitudinibus, atque ita
                <lb/>
              ſingulis diebus meridianam Solis altitudinem ſumentes, conſpiciebant a brumæ tempore Solem quotidie magis
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.314-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.314-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              inmeridie ſupra horizonta conſurgere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21426" xml:space="preserve">ita umbras meridianas colligentes, in plano deſcriptiones facie-
                <lb/>
              bant, ostendendo in terris cœlieffectus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21427" xml:space="preserve">Hanc deſignationem uocabant analemma, quod eſt tanquam præ-
                <lb/>
              ſcriptio curſus Solis ſecundum diuerſas orbis regiones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21428" xml:space="preserve">Quoniam hero in analemmatis finitione Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21429" xml:space="preserve">dixit
                <lb/>
              fuiſſe inuentum cœli effectum in mundo, ideo declarat hoc loco quid ſit mundus, inquiens.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21430" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21431" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Mvndvs</emph>
              autem eſt omnium naturæ rerum conceptio ſumma, cœlumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21432" xml:space="preserve">ſyderibus conformatum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21433" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21434" xml:space="preserve">Duo mundus amplectitur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21435" xml:space="preserve">cœlum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21436" xml:space="preserve">quod ſub cœlo continetur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21437" xml:space="preserve">Neceſse eſt in mundi finitione cœlum col-
                <lb/>
              locare, quoniam in cœlo lucentia corpora ponuntur, quorum radij effectus faciunt in mundo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21438" xml:space="preserve">Mundus ergo
                <lb/>
              eſt maximus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21439" xml:space="preserve">ſummus rerum conceptus, quoniam perfectum corpus eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21440" xml:space="preserve">nam perfectum est, cui nihil deeſt,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21441" xml:space="preserve">cui nihil addi poteſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21442" xml:space="preserve">Mundo igitur, quoniam ex tota materia conſtat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21443" xml:space="preserve">omnia complectitur, principio,
                <lb/>
              medio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21444" xml:space="preserve">fine terminatur, continet, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21445" xml:space="preserve">non continetur, perfecti nomen conuenit, quod illi tribuit Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21446" xml:space="preserve">cum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.314-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.314-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              dicat, {conceptio ſumma.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21447" xml:space="preserve">} nam ſi ſummum eſt, extra ipſum nihil eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21448" xml:space="preserve">in ipſo omnia concipuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21449" xml:space="preserve">Mundus
                <lb/>
              ergo maximus eſt ommium naturarum rerum agentium, ſiue patientium complexus, unde elementa, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21450" xml:space="preserve">quæ
                <lb/>
              ex elementis fiunt, ſiue abſoluta, ſiue imperfecta ſorma ſint; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21451" xml:space="preserve">cælos quoque in quibus agendi uis inest, in mun-
                <lb/>
              do contineri neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21452" xml:space="preserve">hæ autem naturæ omnes contiguæ ſunt, ut omnis eorum uirtus a cœleſtibus formis diri-
                <lb/>
              gatur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21453" xml:space="preserve">effingatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21454" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21455" xml:space="preserve">cælum appellat ſyderibus conformatum, quare de cœlo tractat.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21456" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21457" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Id</emph>
              uoluitur continenter circum terram, atque mare, per axis cardines extremos.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21458" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21459" xml:space="preserve">Priorem mundi finitionis partem omittit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21460" xml:space="preserve">quoniam ad negocium non pertinet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21461" xml:space="preserve">alteram uero maxime
                <lb/>
              neceſſariam ſumit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21462" xml:space="preserve">paucis uero uerbis multa complectitur, quæ nos ordine explicabimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21463" xml:space="preserve">Cælum igitur mo-
                <lb/>
              neri,ſenſui patet,nam corpora cœleſtia locum mutare conſpiciuntur, quoniam modo nidentur hoc, modo alio in
                <lb/>
              loco. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21464" xml:space="preserve">Quoduerò continenter, ac ſine ceſſatione moueatur, item apparet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21465" xml:space="preserve">Quod demum in orbem moueatur
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.314-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.314-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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