Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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              <s xml:id="echoid-s21653" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="285" file="514.01.317" n="317" rhead="NONVS."/>
              ſeruantes Lunam ratione alicuius ſtellæ fixæ modo cum ea, modo abea, interim ante eam ferri, contrariam
                <lb/>
              motionem cognouere, ſæpius autem id obſeruantes, etiam motum Lunæ metiti ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21654" xml:space="preserve">Vnde quinta concluſio,
                <lb/>
              minifeſta eſt, quam Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21655" xml:space="preserve">ponit, dum dicit {alius alia circuitionis magnitudine ab occidente ad orientem in
                <lb/>
              mundo peruagantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21656" xml:space="preserve">} Postea cuiuſque motus examinat, inquiens.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21657" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21658" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Lvna</emph>
              die octauo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21659" xml:space="preserve">uigeſimo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21660" xml:space="preserve">amplius circiter hora, cœ circuitionem percurrens, ex quo cœ-
                <lb/>
              perit ſigno ire, ad id ſignum reuertendo perficit lunarem menſem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21661" xml:space="preserve">Sol autem ſigni ſpatium, quod eſt
                <lb/>
              duodecima pars mundi menſe uertente uadens tranſit, ita duodecim menſibus duodecim ſignorum
                <lb/>
              interualla peruagando cum redit ad id ſignum unde cœperit, perſicit ſpatium uertentis anni. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21662" xml:space="preserve">exeo
                <lb/>
              quem circulum Luna terdecies in duodecim menſibus percurrit, eum Sol eiſdem menſibus ſemel
                <lb/>
              permetitur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21663" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21664" xml:space="preserve">Solannum, Luna menſem, primus motus diem facit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21665" xml:space="preserve">Quare motus buiuſmodi ſunt diligenter examinandi.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21666" xml:space="preserve">Poſtquam igitur oſtenſum eſt in motibus cæleſtibus eſſe diuerſitatem, quatenus ad eorum motuum terminos
                <lb/>
              ſpectat, nunc oſtenditur etiam ineſſe diuerſitatem eorum, quatenus ad celeritatem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21667" xml:space="preserve">tarditatem pertinet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21668" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Quare temporis interualla metitur, quibus unumquodq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21669" xml:space="preserve">ſyderum integram uerſationem circum cæli ambitum
                <lb/>
              facit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21670" xml:space="preserve">Nos ut hæc facilius intelligantur, quædam examinabimus non indigna ſcitu, ex quibus ordo, nume-
                <lb/>
              rus, poſitio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21671" xml:space="preserve">motus orbium cæleſtium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21672" xml:space="preserve">ſyderum dignoſcentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21673" xml:space="preserve">Cæleſtis natur a corporata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21674" xml:space="preserve">ſumma
                <lb/>
              octo continet cælos ſeparatos, contiguos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21675" xml:space="preserve">idem centrum cum mundo habentes, extra quos nullus est mo-
                <lb/>
              tus, niſi imaginatione effictus, ut multa, quæ nobis in his orbibus apparent, aliquo modo ſeruemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21676" xml:space="preserve">Septem
                <lb/>
              orbes errantibus ſeptem conceduntur, citima terris Luna eſt, ſummus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21677" xml:space="preserve">remotiſſimus eſt Saturnus, reliqui
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.317-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.317-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              ſuo ordine collocantur, ut dicemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21678" xml:space="preserve">Caracteres, quibus deſcribuntur ſunt hi, 5 Saturnus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21679" xml:space="preserve">4. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21680" xml:space="preserve">Iuppiter.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21681" xml:space="preserve">♂ Mars. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21682" xml:space="preserve">* Sol. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21683" xml:space="preserve">♀ Venus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21684" xml:space="preserve">☿ Mercurius. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21685" xml:space="preserve">☽ Luna. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21686" xml:space="preserve">octauum cælum, quod firmamentum ap-
                <lb/>
              pellant, infixis stellis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21687" xml:space="preserve">hærentibus eſt attributum, maximum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21688" xml:space="preserve">capaciſſimum, quoniam reliqua omnia
                <lb/>
              continet, tanquam omnium locus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21689" xml:space="preserve">Numerus orbium ex celeritate inferiorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21690" xml:space="preserve">ex tarditate ſuperiorum ſy-
                <lb/>
              derum deprebenſus eſt, nam ſydera, quæ in mundo lucent, ſuperiora tardius mouentur, inferiora uerò cele-
                <lb/>
              rius. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21691" xml:space="preserve">Sumitur quoque ordinis argumentum ex eo, quod altiora corpora ab inferiora ſunt, cum inter oculos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21692" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              nos in imo habitemus, quod oculis noſtris proximum eſt, occultat ea, quæ ſuperiora ſunt, cum inter oculos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21693" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              corpus ſublimius interponitur, addito eo diſcrimine, quod eſt inter terminum uiſionis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21694" xml:space="preserve">locum, in quo uere ſi-
                <lb/>
              turn eſt ſydus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21695" xml:space="preserve">quod quidem diſcrimen aſpectus diuer ſitas uocatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21696" xml:space="preserve">quæ nil aliud eſt, quàm maioris circuli ar-
                <lb/>
              cus, qui ſupra uerticem tranſit duabus lineis interceptus, quarum alteram ab orbis centro, alteram ab ocu-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.317-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.317-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              lo ſupraterræ planum produci imaginamur, ita ut & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21697" xml:space="preserve">per centrum ſydris tranſiens in arcum prædictum ter-
                <lb/>
              minetur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21698" xml:space="preserve">Linea uero illa, quæ ab orbis centro per medium ſydus ad arcum in ſignifero produci imaginamur,
                <lb/>
              ueri loci linea nuncupatur, eſt enim tanquam index ueri ſyderis loci, ſed ea, quæ ab oculo per medium ſydus
                <lb/>
              ad ſigniferum peruenit, apparentis loci linea nominatur, quoniam apparentem non uerum ſyderis locum in ſi-
                <lb/>
              gnifero ponit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21699" xml:space="preserve">Vnde angulus inter duas prædictas lineas interceptus, diſcriminis eius interuallum erit, quod
                <lb/>
              tanto maius erit, quanto depreßiori loco ſydus erit collocatum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21700" xml:space="preserve">ad horizontem proximum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21701" xml:space="preserve">Sed cum ſy-
                <lb/>
              dus imminet uertici, nullum diſcri
                <lb/>
                <figure xlink:label="fig-514.01.317-01" xlink:href="fig-514.01.317-01a" number="127">
                  <description xml:id="echoid-description73" xml:space="preserve">a. centrum mundi.
                    <lb/>
                  b. oculus in ſuperficie terræ
                    <lb/>
                  c. ſydus.
                    <lb/>
                  d. uertex.
                    <lb/>
                  b c a. angulus diuerſitatis.</description>
                  <variables xml:id="echoid-variables85" xml:space="preserve">c d 6 a</variables>
                </figure>
              men aſpectus est, quoniam lineæ
                <lb/>
              illæ in unam coeunt, ideo diſcri-
                <lb/>
              men huiuſmodi in Luna maximũ
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.317-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.317-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              eſt, paruum in Sole, uix ſenſibile
                <lb/>
              in Marte, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21702" xml:space="preserve">nullo modo in ſupe-
                <lb/>
              rioribus dignoſci poteſt, quoniam
                <lb/>
              ab oculis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21703" xml:space="preserve">a centro maxime ab-
                <lb/>
              ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21704" xml:space="preserve">Deſcriptio autem dictorum eſt bæc. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21705" xml:space="preserve">Luna igitur, quoniam uelocißimo curſufertur, maiorq́ habet ui-
                <lb/>
              ſionis diſcrimina, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21706" xml:space="preserve">quia demum Solem impedit, proxima terris est, quoniam uero aliqua ex prædictis ra-
                <lb/>
              tionibus concluditur, Martis, Iouis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21707" xml:space="preserve">Saturni ſydera ſupra Solem collocari, ideo Martis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21708" xml:space="preserve">Veneris or-
                <lb/>
              bes ſub Sole eſſe colligemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21709" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21710" xml:space="preserve">ea ratio cogit nos infra Solem duo illa ſydera collocare, quod
                <lb/>
              ſeruatur proportio interualli a Sole ad terræ centrum, quoniam nimium eſſet interuallum inter Lunam,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21711" xml:space="preserve">Solem, niſi ſydera illa cum ſuis orbibus interponerentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21712" xml:space="preserve">unde diamerorum rationes, quæ tabu-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.317-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.317-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              lis collectæ uidentur, ſeruari poſſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21713" xml:space="preserve">Rationi quoque conſentaneum est Solem medium eſſe & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21714" xml:space="preserve">ſu -
                <lb/>
              periores planetas ab inſerioribus diuidere, quoniam inferiores una inter ſe uerſationum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21715" xml:space="preserve">motionum
                <lb/>
              ratione, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21716" xml:space="preserve">ſimilitudine conueniunt, alia uero ſuperiores. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21717" xml:space="preserve">illi in epicyclis, hi in deferentibus orbibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21718" xml:space="preserve">Sol igitur
                <lb/>
              oculus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21719" xml:space="preserve">cor mundi est, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21720" xml:space="preserve">tanquam rex, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21721" xml:space="preserve">dominus in medio collocatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21722" xml:space="preserve">Defficile uerò est iudicare de
                <lb/>
              Mercurio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21723" xml:space="preserve">Venere, quis eorum ſuperior ſit, quoniam pari fermè uolubilitate uerſantur, paruum est aſpe-
                <lb/>
              ctus diſcrumen, nec percipitur quis eorum alternm occultet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21724" xml:space="preserve">Quiuero ſpeculationibus aptiores fuerunt, natura
                <lb/>
              intentionem coniectantes dixere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21725" xml:space="preserve">naturam effeciſſe planetarum orbes ab ecliptica inclinatos ut in coitu, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21726" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              obiectu ſyderum id punctu euitare poſſent, quod diametro obijcitur, nam Solis uicinitas illis foret noxia, quo
                <lb/>
              niam luminis defectum parit quem combuſtionẽ barbari uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21727" xml:space="preserve">obiectus etiam, quem oppoſitionem dicunt,
                <lb/>
              ſi toto diametro fiat, eclipſim facit, qualem Luna ſingulis menſibus pateretur, niſi ab ecliptica iter defle-
                <lb/>
              cteret. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s21728" xml:space="preserve">Hinc eſt quod rerum natura parens magis hanc noxam euitare uoluit in his ſyderibus, quæ ſunt circa
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.317-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.317-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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