Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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            <pb o="26" file="514.01.058" n="58" rhead="LIBER"/>
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div111" type="section" level="2" n="43">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head44" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De electione locorum ſalubrium & quæ obſint ſalubritati & unde
              <lb/>
            lumina capiantur. # Cap. IIII.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2663" xml:space="preserve">IN ipſis uero mœnibus ea erunt principia, Primum electio loci ſaluberrimi. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2664" xml:space="preserve">Is autem erit
                <lb/>
              excelſus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2665" xml:space="preserve">non nebuloſus, non pruinoſus, regionesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2666" xml:space="preserve">cœli ſpectans neque æſtuoſas, ne-
                <lb/>
              que frigidas, ſed temperatas, deinde ſi euitabitur paluſtris uicinitas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2667" xml:space="preserve">Cum enim au-
                <lb/>
              ræ matutinæ cum Sole oriente ad oppidum peruenient, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2668" xml:space="preserve">ijs ortę nebulæ adiungentur,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.058-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.058-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              ſpiritusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2669" xml:space="preserve">beſtiarum paluſtrium uenenatos cum nebula mixtos in habitatorum corpora flatus ſpargẽt,
                <lb/>
              efficient locum peſtilentem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2670" xml:space="preserve">Item ſi ſecundum mare erunt mœnia, ſpectabuntq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2671" xml:space="preserve">ad meridiem, aut
                <lb/>
              ad occidentem non erunt ſalubria, quia per æſtatem cœlum meridianum Sole exoriente caleſcit, me-
                <lb/>
              ridie ardet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2672" xml:space="preserve">Item quòd ſpectat ad occidentem, Sole exorto tepeſcit, meridie calet, ueſpere feruet.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2673" xml:space="preserve">Igitur mutationibus caloris, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2674" xml:space="preserve">refrigerationis corpora, quæ in ijs locis ſunt, uitiantur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2675" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2676" xml:space="preserve">Aggreditur hic ædificationem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2677" xml:space="preserve">partem, quæ in publicis operibus collocatur, huius quoque publico-
                <lb/>
              rum operum collocationis particulam ſumit, eam ſcilicet quæ ad defenſionem pertinet, quod primo libro ab-
                <lb/>
              ſoluit, his capitibus primo eligit locum, ubi mœnia ſunt ponenda; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2678" xml:space="preserve">poſtea de fundamentis turrium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2679" xml:space="preserve">muro-
                <lb/>
              rum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2680" xml:space="preserve">Inde ad diuiſionem operum, quæ intra muros ſunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2681" xml:space="preserve">eorum diſpoſitionem præcepta comparat, hinc com
                <lb/>
              munibus locis propriam poſitionem diſtribuit, ac totum defenſionis opus abſoluit, in electione locorum decor;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2682" xml:space="preserve">in fundamentis firmitas, in diſtributione, utilitas conſideratur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2683" xml:space="preserve">Decor naturalis in electione locorum ſalubrium
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.058-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.058-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              ponitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2684" xml:space="preserve">Sex ea ſunt, quæ ædificantes conſiderare debent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2685" xml:space="preserve">Primum eſt regio, ſitusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2686" xml:space="preserve">uniuerſus ad cœli partes
                <lb/>
              comparatus, alterum eſt area, certaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2687" xml:space="preserve">regionis pars muris præcingenda; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2688" xml:space="preserve">tertium eſt areæ, ſoliq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2689" xml:space="preserve">deſcriptio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2690" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              commenſus, distributioq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2691" xml:space="preserve">: hinc illud quod a ſolo erigitur ſiue murus, ſiue paries, ſiue columnatio ſit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2692" xml:space="preserve">Deinde
                <lb/>
              quicquid tegumenti loco imponitur ſeu contignatio, ſeu fornix, ſeu testudo, ſeu tectum ſit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2693" xml:space="preserve">Poſtremum eſt adi-
                <lb/>
              tus quilibet, quo res, hominesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2694" xml:space="preserve">tranſeunt, ſiue fauces, ſiue ianuæ, ſeu lumina ſint, Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2695" xml:space="preserve">ab ipſa regione or-
                <lb/>
              ditur, deq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2696" xml:space="preserve">ſalubrium locrum electione loquitur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2697" xml:space="preserve">Maxima enim locorum uirtus eſt, aerisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2698" xml:space="preserve">etenim
                <lb/>
              generationis principium eſt locus tanquam pater. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2699" xml:space="preserve">Affecta enim regio cœli qualitatibus uim maximam re-
                <lb/>
              bus præstat: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2700" xml:space="preserve">unde illud a phyſicis dictum res eo loci, ubi naſcuntur, facile conſeruari. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2701" xml:space="preserve">Aer autem nobiſcum
                <lb/>
              ſemper eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2702" xml:space="preserve">hunc ſpiritu haurimus, ab eo refrigerium cordis, ab eo uita pendet, cum orco paciſcitur, qui pe-
                <lb/>
              ſtilentem locum eligit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2703" xml:space="preserve">De regione igitur primum eſt diſſerendum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2704" xml:space="preserve">Regio qualitates quaſdam habet, quarum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.058-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.058-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              quædam manifeſtæ ſunt; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2705" xml:space="preserve">quædam occultæ, ex omnibus nonnullæ bonæ ſunt, nonnullæ noxiæ: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2706" xml:space="preserve">noxiæ cognitis
                <lb/>
              bonis dignoſcuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2707" xml:space="preserve">Ex bonis & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2708" xml:space="preserve">manifestis quædam commodis ſeruiunt, ut agrifertilitas, aquarum, fructuum,
                <lb/>
              paſcuorum copia, flumina, portus & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2709" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi, per quæ facile importari merces, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2710" xml:space="preserve">exportari poſſint, vicino-
                <lb/>
              rum quoque bonorum propinquitas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2711" xml:space="preserve">Quædam ſalubritati: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2712" xml:space="preserve">tum quia aqu as habent mobiles, perſpicuas, non
                <lb/>
              uiſcoſas, odore, colore, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2713" xml:space="preserve">ſapore carentes, tum quia uentos noxios, quemadmodum ſunt frigentes, aut calen-
                <lb/>
              tes nimium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2714" xml:space="preserve">qui flant a locis peſtilentibus, uitare poſſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2715" xml:space="preserve">Aer quoque purus, purgatus, peruius, perfla-
                <lb/>
              bilis, uniformis qualias eſt nota optimæ regionis, occultæ qualitates ab humanis, diuinis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2716" xml:space="preserve">naturalibus
                <lb/>
              rebus ſumuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2717" xml:space="preserve">Genium enim loci diuinum quid afferre uidetur, cauſam cœlo damus proprietatis & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2718" xml:space="preserve">fortu-
                <lb/>
              nælocorum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2719" xml:space="preserve">Natura quoque ſuas habet uires in regionibus, nam plantas alit proceras, fructiferas quas ſo-
                <lb/>
              lum educat, ſol ornat, imber recreat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2720" xml:space="preserve">Animalia multa utriuſque ſexus carnes optimi ſaporis habentia, homi-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.058-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.058-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              nes ſani, hilares, iucundiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2721" xml:space="preserve">pulchri, ac diuturnæ uitæ ſalubritatis inditia præbent: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2722" xml:space="preserve">cum uero merces, fructusq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2723" xml:space="preserve">immarceſcentes diu ſeruantur, ædificiaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2724" xml:space="preserve">neque ſalſedine corrumpuntur, neque uentis uitiantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2725" xml:space="preserve">reliqua ho
                <lb/>
              minum opera elaborata neque rubiginem contrahunt, neque ſitu deturpantur, temperiem loci admirabilem
                <lb/>
              oſtendunt; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2726" xml:space="preserve">Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2727" xml:space="preserve">uniuerſum hunc locum ita diſtribuit, ut quæ ſint loca ſalubria, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2728" xml:space="preserve">inſalubria oſtendat, poſtea
                <lb/>
              rationem afferat eorum, quæ dixit pulcherrima digrßione, inde inditia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2729" xml:space="preserve">experimenta ſalubritatis locorum
                <lb/>
              affert, ac demum exemplis confirmat, quæ ſuperius attulerit, omnia in eo facilia ſunt, nec indigent accura-
                <lb/>
              tiori explicatione. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2730" xml:space="preserve">Multa inuenies apud Albertum de ſalubritate locorum libro primo cap. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2731" xml:space="preserve">tertio, quarto
                <lb/>
              quinto, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2732" xml:space="preserve">ſexto, Cæterum Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2733" xml:space="preserve">locorum ſalubritatem, a cœlo, a loco, ab aere, ab aquis deſumit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2734" xml:space="preserve">A cœlo
                <lb/>
              cum dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2735" xml:space="preserve">{Regionesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2736" xml:space="preserve">cœli ſpectans neque æſtuoſas, neque frigidas, ſed temperatas } a loco cum dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2737" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              {Is autem erit excelſus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2738" xml:space="preserve">non nebuloſus neque pruinoſus } locum autem intelligit affectum qualitate aliqua: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2739" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.058-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.058-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              ab aere, cum dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2740" xml:space="preserve">{ deinde ſi euitabitur, paluſtris uicinitas } ab aquis cum dicit, { Item ſi ſecundum mare
                <lb/>
              erunt mœnia, ſpectabuntq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2741" xml:space="preserve">ad meridiem,} & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2742" xml:space="preserve">reliqua. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2743" xml:space="preserve">Fuſius medici de regionum temperamentis tractare ſo-
                <lb/>
              lent, lege Galenum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2744" xml:space="preserve">alios. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2745" xml:space="preserve">Probat autem uitiari corpora mutationibus caloris, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2746" xml:space="preserve">refrigerationis.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2747" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2748" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Haec</emph>
              autem licet animaduertere etiam ex his, quæ non ſunt animalia, in cellis enim uinarijs te-
                <lb/>
              ctis lumina nemo capit a meridie, ſed a ſeptentrione, quod ea regio nullo tempore mutationes reci-
                <lb/>
              pit, ſed eſt firma perpetuo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2749" xml:space="preserve">immutabilis, ideo etiam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2750" xml:space="preserve">granaria, quæ ad Solis curſum ſpectant,
                <lb/>
              bonitatem citò mutant, obſoniaq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2751" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2752" xml:space="preserve">poma, quæ non in ea cœli parte ponuntur, quæ eſt auerſa, a So-
                <lb/>
              lis curſu, non diu ſeruantur, nam ſemper calor, cum excoquit a rebus firmitatem eripit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2753" xml:space="preserve">uaporibus
                <lb/>
              feruidis exugendo naturales uirtutes diſſoluit eas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2754" xml:space="preserve">feruore molleſcentes efficit imbecilles, ut etiam
                <lb/>
              in ferro animaduertimus, quod quamuis natura ſit durum, in fornacibus ab ignis uapore percalefa-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.058-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.058-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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