Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div111" type="section" level="2" n="43">
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              <s xml:id="echoid-s2948" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="29" file="514.01.061" n="61" rhead="PRIMVS."/>
              ptis, custoditisq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2949" xml:space="preserve">. & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2950" xml:space="preserve">infra. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2951" xml:space="preserve">Sed coloniarum alia neceßitudo eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2952" xml:space="preserve">Non enim ueniunt extrinſecus in ciuita-
                <lb/>
              tem, nec ſuis radicibus nituntur, ſed ex ciuitate quaſi propagatæ ſunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2953" xml:space="preserve">iura inſtitutaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2954" xml:space="preserve">omnia Po. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2955" xml:space="preserve">Ro.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2956" xml:space="preserve">non ſui arbitrij habent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2957" xml:space="preserve">quæ tamen conditio cum ſit magis obnoxia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2958" xml:space="preserve">minus libera, potior tamen & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2959" xml:space="preserve">præsta
                <lb/>
              bilior exiſtimatur propter amplitudinem maieſtatemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2960" xml:space="preserve">Po. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2961" xml:space="preserve">Ro. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2962" xml:space="preserve">cuius istæ coloniæ quaſi effigies paruæ, ſimula-
                <lb/>
              craq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2963" xml:space="preserve">eſſe quædam uidentur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2964" xml:space="preserve">ſimul quia obſcura, obliterataq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2965" xml:space="preserve">ſunt municipiorum iura, quibus uti iam per
                <lb/>
              ignorantiam non queunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2966" xml:space="preserve">bæc Gellius. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2967" xml:space="preserve">Nos ad rem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2968" xml:space="preserve">Eligendus igitur eſt locus quàm ſaluberrimus in mœnibus
                <lb/>
              collocandis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2969" xml:space="preserve">Quiuerò loci ſalubres habeantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2970" xml:space="preserve">qui obſint ſanitati, iam dictum eſt lucide, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2971" xml:space="preserve">copioſe,
                <lb/>
              Audiendi autem ſunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2972" xml:space="preserve">qui de agrorum culturaſcripſere, nam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2973" xml:space="preserve">Palladius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2974" xml:space="preserve">Columella, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2975" xml:space="preserve">M. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2976" xml:space="preserve">Varro
                <lb/>
              de electione ſalubrium locorum copioſe dixerunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2977" xml:space="preserve">Sed hæc eleganter præcipue M. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2978" xml:space="preserve">Varro explicat libro pri-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.061-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.061-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              mo de re rustica: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2979" xml:space="preserve">Quare inquit ſi ſalubritas non eſt, cultura non aliud eſt, quàm alea domini uitæ, ac rei fa-
                <lb/>
              miliaris. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2980" xml:space="preserve">Hoc uerò diminuitur ſcientia, ita enim ſalubritas, quæ ducitur è cœlo, ac terra, non eſt in noſtra
                <lb/>
              potestate, ſed in naturæ, ut tamen multum ſit in nobis, quod grauiora quæ ſunt, leuiora diligentia face-
                <lb/>
              repoßimus, etenim ſi propter t erram aquam odoremur, quam aliquo loco eructat, peſtilentior eſt fundus,
                <lb/>
              aut propter cœliregionem aer calidior ſit, aut uentus non bonus flet: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2981" xml:space="preserve">hæc uitia emendari ſolent domini ſcien-
                <lb/>
              tia, ac ſumptu, quod permagni intereſt ubi ſint poſitæ uillæ, quanta ſint, quo ſpectent, portici-
                <lb/>
              bus, oſtijs, ac feneſtris. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2982" xml:space="preserve">An non ille Hyppocrates medicus in magna peſtilentia non unum agrum, ſed multa
                <lb/>
              oppida ſcientia ſanauit? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2983" xml:space="preserve">Sed quid ego illum uoco ad teſtimonium? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2984" xml:space="preserve">Non hic Varro noster cum Corcyræ eſſet
                <lb/>
              exercitus, ac claßis & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2985" xml:space="preserve">onmes domus repletæ eſſent ægrotis ac funeribus, immiſſo feneſtris nouis Aquilone, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2986" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              obſtructis peſtilentibus, ianuaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2987" xml:space="preserve">permutata, cæteraq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2988" xml:space="preserve">eius generis diligentia ſuos comites, ac familiam inco-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.061-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.061-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              lumes reduxit?</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2989" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div123" type="section" level="2" n="44">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head45" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De fundamentis murorum & turrium. # Cap. V.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2990" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">CVm</emph>
              ergo hisrationibus crit ſalubritatis mœnium collocandorum explicatio, regionesq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2991" xml:space="preserve">electæ fuerint fructibus ad alendam ciuitatem copioſæ & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2992" xml:space="preserve">uiarum munitiones, aut oppor
                <lb/>
              tunitates fluminum, ſeu per portus marinæ ſubuectiones habuerint ad mœnia comporta
                <lb/>
              tiones expeditas, tunc turrium, murorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2993" xml:space="preserve">fundamenta ſic ſunt facienda.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2994" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2995" xml:space="preserve">A regione ad aream tranſit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2996" xml:space="preserve">Nam principium unum est electio regionis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2997" xml:space="preserve">loci ſaluberrimi: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2998" xml:space="preserve">Alte-
                <lb/>
              rum eſt mœnium certo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2999" xml:space="preserve">determinato ſitu collocatio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3000" xml:space="preserve">Expedita iam prima parte, in qua quid natura, quid
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.061-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.061-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              ars, quid utraque regionibus afferat copioſe explicauimus; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3001" xml:space="preserve">ſupereſt altera, quæ ad areas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3002" xml:space="preserve">mœnia circum-
                <lb/>
              ſcribenda ſpectat: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3003" xml:space="preserve">In qua quidem re multarum gentium externarum conſuetudo merito damnanda cenſetur,
                <lb/>
              quæ uel inter amplißimas ſolitudines, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3004" xml:space="preserve">ſterilißimas habitantes, uel aſperrimos & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3005" xml:space="preserve">inaceßibiles montes tan-
                <lb/>
              quàm arces incolentes,interim ſeſyluis denſiſsimis abdẽtes,uel profundis paludibus ſe quaſi immergentes,tutas
                <lb/>
              ſe putant ab omni ni & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3006" xml:space="preserve">timore. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3007" xml:space="preserve">quemadmodum apud C æſarem,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3008" xml:space="preserve">alibi legitur de Gallis,Germanis, Hibernis,
                <lb/>
              Britannisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3009" xml:space="preserve">nationibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3010" xml:space="preserve">non enim laudo ego ſaltem huiuſmodi ſecuritatem, nec mihi uidetur inopiam eſſe quæ-
                <lb/>
              rendam, ut inuidiam fugiamus, nec minus uel per ſomnium expoſcerem poeticum orbem, aut delitiarum hor
                <lb/>
              tum, ubi lacte riun
                <unsure/>
              li, melle quercus, ambroſia cœli fluunt, quoniam humanæ neceſſitati pauca poſſunt ſatiſ-
                <lb/>
              facere: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3011" xml:space="preserve">illa uerò deſiderari potius quàm baberi ſolent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3012" xml:space="preserve">Mœnia igitur loco ſalubri & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3013" xml:space="preserve">commodo ſunt collocan
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.061-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.061-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              da. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3014" xml:space="preserve">Hæc fundamentis, muris, turribus, portis, diſtributa intelliguntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3015" xml:space="preserve">De ſingulis hoc loco agit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3016" xml:space="preserve">Fun
                <lb/>
              dationum conſideratio his rebus abſoluitur, ſoli naturæ, areæ circumſcriptione, rerum diſtributione. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3017" xml:space="preserve">At
                <lb/>
              quemadmodum non negauerim fundamentum eſſe maxime neceſſarium, in omni fabrica, ita non ſemper ab
                <lb/>
              hominibus id quærendum cenſeo, cum ſæpe natura ipſa duriſſimas cotes, immania ſaxa, tanquàm arcium
                <lb/>
              fundamenta ſubſternat: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3018" xml:space="preserve">quibus in locis nulla opera, nullæmanus requirendæ ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3019" xml:space="preserve">Quod igitur ad hominum
                <lb/>
              laborem pertinet, ſoli natura quàmprimum fundationi apta conſideranda eſt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3020" xml:space="preserve">Solum ipſum multis corijs ac
                <lb/>
              (ut dicam) multis corticibus or dinauit natura, nam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3021" xml:space="preserve">groſſiori ſabulo, uel minuta quadam arenaſternitur,
                <lb/>
              interim glarea, quandoque certa, uel argilla, non nun nunquàm topho uel cæute, atque alia parte ima cernatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3022" xml:space="preserve">Quare
                <lb/>
              dam rerun diuiditur, ita ut proprietas una in ſuperficie,alia ſub cute, atque alia parte ima cernatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3023" xml:space="preserve">Quare
                <lb/>
              diligenter conſiderandum eſt, qua ſoli proprietate fundamenta iaciantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3024" xml:space="preserve">Sed in primis idſemper arte laboran-
                <lb/>
              tendum, μt quàm ſolidiſſimis locis ſubſtructiones fiant: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3025" xml:space="preserve">quod ſi naturaid nobis minime præstat, arte laboran-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.061-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.061-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              dum eſt, ut quàm ereberrimis palis, fistucationibus adactis ſolum muniamus, excauationibus crebris ſoli na-
                <lb/>
              tura pertentetur, duoq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3026" xml:space="preserve">præcipua ex cauatione commoda recipimus, alterum quod aqua, quæ ualde neceſſa
                <lb/>
              ria eſt fabricantibus, tanquàm ex puteis è foſsis hauritur, alterum quòd inditia terreni ſoliapta dignoſcimus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3027" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3028" xml:space="preserve">ſine cauationibus argumentaſoliditatis plurima ſumimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3029" xml:space="preserve">Nam ſi herbæ, quæ humidis locisnaſ
                <lb/>
              cuntur, frequenter alicubi reperiatur, certò ſcire poſſumus ibi eſſe lutum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3030" xml:space="preserve">cænoſum fundamentum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3031" xml:space="preserve">contra
                <lb/>
              uerò ſi arbores in ſiccis regionibus creſcentes uideris, ibierit fabricandum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3032" xml:space="preserve">item ſi acuta & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3033" xml:space="preserve">dura ſaxa in re-
                <lb/>
              gione reperis, tunc ſcire poteris non eſſe tibi multum laborandum in ſolida proprietate quærenda. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3034" xml:space="preserve">Scaturien
                <lb/>
              tes fontes, ſonitusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3035" xml:space="preserve">terræob grauium rerum caſum, motumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3036" xml:space="preserve">uitare ealoca tibi docebunt, in quibus bu-
                <lb/>
              iuſmodi erunt inditia, inter glareas ob earum raritatem aqua decurrens ſubstructiones infirmat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3037" xml:space="preserve">Quærenda
                <lb/>
              igitur ſoliditazs eſt, ubifundandum eſt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3038" xml:space="preserve">hinc Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3039" xml:space="preserve">inquit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3040" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
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