Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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            <pb o="33" file="514.01.065" n="65" rhead="PRIMVS."/>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3218" xml:space="preserve">Rotundæ turres quacunque parte uel ariete, uel alia machina percutiantur,#ftrmiores ſunt quàm quadra
                <lb/>
              tæ nam ea figura pluribus partibus, tanquàm cuneis constat, cuneorum natura ad centrum adacta ſolidior
                <lb/>
              efficitur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3219" xml:space="preserve">obfirmant enim ſe ſe mutuo cuneadæ rœ quælibet, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3220" xml:space="preserve">quo magis in eas impellas eo ſolidiores efficiun-
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3221" xml:space="preserve">Cæerum his temporibus alius uſits eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3222" xml:space="preserve">quemadmodum dicam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3223" xml:space="preserve">Turrium igitur præcepta ſunt bæ, quæ quæ dicta
                <lb/>
              ſunt, quæſic breuiter colligere poſſumus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3224" xml:space="preserve">Turres aut conſiderantur ea parte, qua reſpiciunt hoſtes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3225" xml:space="preserve">ſic
                <lb/>
              primum præceptum est, ut proyciantur in partem exterorem: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3226" xml:space="preserve">aut conſiderantur ea parte, qua reſpiciunt hoſtes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3227" xml:space="preserve">ſic
                <lb/>
              uitatem, ſic aliud præceptum est de earum muro diuidendo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3228" xml:space="preserve">contignatione mobili congiungendo: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3229" xml:space="preserve">aut conſi
                <lb/>
              derantur, ut mutuo inter ſe ſe habent, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3230" xml:space="preserve">ſic de interuallo unius ad alteram dictum eſt, aut demum conſideran
                <lb/>
              tur in ſe quælibet, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3231" xml:space="preserve">ſic defigura earum orbiculari uel multorum angulorum eſt dictum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3232" xml:space="preserve">#Quæ omnia ſubie-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.065-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.065-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              cta figura demonftrat.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3233" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3234" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Item</emph>
              munitiones muri turriumq́ aggeribus coniunctæ maxime tutiores#ſunt, quòd neque arie-
                <lb/>
              tes, neque ſuffo ſsiones, neque machinæ cæterę eis ualent nocere.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3235" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3236" xml:space="preserve">Obſeruatum eſt non tam muri craſsitudinem, quàm aggeris, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3237" xml:space="preserve">ierreni congest
                <unsure/>
              ionem apud muros, eos#tu-
                <lb/>
              tos reddere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3238" xml:space="preserve">nam quod machinæ, ſuffoſsionesq́ crehrisictibus muros concutiant mainfeftum eſt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3239" xml:space="preserve">#Sed ſi agge-
                <lb/>
              ris quoque ratio habeatur, murusq́ crebris ictibus muros concutiant manifeſtum eſt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3240" xml:space="preserve">#Sed ſi agge-
                <lb/>
              ger tanquàm muri humerus eſſe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3241" xml:space="preserve">hinc præcipit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3242" xml:space="preserve">ut munitiones muri, turriumq́ aggeribus coniungantur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3243" xml:space="preserve">Sed animaduertendum puto aggeremnon ſolum intelligi terræ ſaxorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3244" xml:space="preserve">congeriem, ſed etiam repletionem ſoſ
                <lb/>
              ſæ, ualliq́, uel alterius cuiuſcunque loci excauati, in quo exaggeramus,#Agger autem Vitruuianus nibil
                <lb/>
              aliud eſt niſi repletio mterualli, quod eſt inter duos muros, incamiſciatam Itali uocant.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3245" xml:space="preserve">#Agger uero, quo
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.065-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.065-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              noſtri utuntur, terraplenum, aut ſpaltum dicunt, eſt enim terræ ſubactæ aggeratio quædam parte interiori ad
                <lb/>
              euitandos ſumptus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3246" xml:space="preserve">muniendos muros accommodata: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3247" xml:space="preserve">non enim putant oportere duplicem eſſe murum, ſed
                <lb/>
              una fronte contenti, partem, quæciues reſpicit, aggere ampliſsimo bene muniunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3248" xml:space="preserve">inter aggerem murulos
                <lb/>
              quoſdam præſeripto ſpatio claudunt, quos ſperones uel contrafortes uocant, terrenum enim opus pondere pre-
                <lb/>
              mens murulos illos, tanquàm anterides, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3249" xml:space="preserve">eriſmata, continet murum ne facile prorual.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3250" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3251" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Sed</emph>
              nonin omnibus locis eſt aggeris ratio facienda, niſi quibus extra murum ex#alto#loco#plano
                <lb/>
              pedeacceſſus fuerit admœnia oppugnanda.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3252" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3253" xml:space="preserve">Maxime offenduntur ciues cum extra muros acceſſus hostium fit ex parte altiori, ſemper enim plus læditur
                <lb/>
              qui imas partes in pugnando tenet: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3254" xml:space="preserve">qua propter Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3255" xml:space="preserve">aggeris rationem eſſe habendamdicit, cum ab excelſio-
                <lb/>
              ri loco hoſtes oppugnant, quimciues, ubi igitur ex alto loco plano pede acceſſus hoſtium fieri#poteſt, tunc ag
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.065-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.065-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              geris ratio eſt habenda. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3256" xml:space="preserve">Quarationne uerò agger efficiatur ſecundum Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3257" xml:space="preserve">ſequentibus uerbis explicatur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3258" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3259" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Itaqve</emph>
              in ciuſmodi locis primum foſſæ ſunt faciendæ, latitudinibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3260" xml:space="preserve">altitudinibus quàm am-
                <lb/>
              pliſsimis, deinde fundamentum muri deprimendum eſt intra alueum foſſæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3261" xml:space="preserve">id extruendum eſt intra alueum foſſæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3262" xml:space="preserve">id extruendum eſt
                <lb/>
              ea craſsitudine, ut opus terrenum facile ſuſtineatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3263" xml:space="preserve">Item interiore parte ſubſtructionis, funda-
                <lb/>
              mentum diſtans ab exteriore introrſus amplo ſpatio, conſtituendum eſt, ita uti cohortes poſsint quem
                <lb/>
              admodum in acie inſtructæ ad defendendum ſupra latitudinem aggeris conſiſtere.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3264" xml:space="preserve">#Cum autem fun
                <lb/>
              damenta ita diſtantia intere ſe fuerint conſtituta, tunc inter ea alia tranſuerſa coniuncta, exteriori, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3265" xml:space="preserve">in
                <lb/>
              teriori fundamento pectinatim diſpoſita, quemadmodum ſerræ dentes ſolent eſſe, collocentur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3266" xml:space="preserve">#Cum
                <lb/>
              enim ſie erit factum, tunc ita oneris terreni magnitudo diſtributa in paruas partes, neque uniuerſa
                <lb/>
              pondere premens, poterit ulla ratione extrudere muri ſubſtructiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3267" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3268" xml:space="preserve">Cum hostes oppugnant, aut ab mferioriparte, ant a ſuperiorioppugnant: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3269" xml:space="preserve">ſi ab inferiori tunc murus facien
                <lb/>
              dus eſt ea ratione, qua ſupradixit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3270" xml:space="preserve">ea ſcilicet craſſitudine uti armati bomines ſupra obuiam ue-
                <lb/>
              nientes alius alium ſine impeditione præterire poſſit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3271" xml:space="preserve">item frontes utræque muri taleis oleagineis uſtula-
                <lb/>
              tis coniungendæ, ut firmius contineantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3272" xml:space="preserve">non enim opus eſt inſtructas acies in his locis muros aſcen-
                <lb/>
              dere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3273" xml:space="preserve">quod ſi a ſuperiori parte oppugnaturi accedunt, tunc murus muniendus est, turres item, atque alia pro
                <lb/>
              pugnacula fulcienda, hoc modo, quo dicit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3274" xml:space="preserve">Primum enim foſſæ ampliſſimæ ſunt faciendæ, nam prohibe-
                <lb/>
              bitur acceſſus ad muros latitudine, atque altitudine foſſarum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3275" xml:space="preserve">deinde duplex murus conſtruendus eſt, utriuſ-
                <lb/>
              que autemratio fundationis eadem erit: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3276" xml:space="preserve">nam fundamentum deprimendum eſt intra alueum foſſæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3277" xml:space="preserve">extruen
                <lb/>
              dum latius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3278" xml:space="preserve">craſſius quàm murus, qui ſupra iderit futurus, nam ita requirit fundamentorum ratio, quem
                <lb/>
              admodum ſuperiori capite dictum eſt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3279" xml:space="preserve">opus terrenum facilius ſuſtinebitur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3280" xml:space="preserve">#Erecta hac muri fronte, quæ
                <lb/>
              hoſtes reſpicit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3281" xml:space="preserve">ſupra foſſam elata, conſtruenda est altera frons pàrteriori a priori plurimum diſtans,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.065-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.065-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              naminter ambas frontes exaggerandum eſt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3282" xml:space="preserve">ſupra aggerem inst
                <unsure/>
              ruendæ ſunt acies repugnatium.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3283" xml:space="preserve">#Erectis
                <lb/>
              frontibus, uel fundatis potius, fundamenta utraque ſunt colliganda, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3284" xml:space="preserve">quaſi connectenda alijs fundamentis
                <lb/>
              tranſuerſis, quæ ab una ad aliam frontem procurrant, ita diſpoſita, quem admodum ſerræ dentes ac pectina-
                <lb/>
              tim, ut firmius utroſque muros contineant, ac aggeris pondus inter ſe diſtribuant, ita ut ſubſtructio nihil pati
                <lb/>
              poſſit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3285" xml:space="preserve">Calcato igitur terreno opere & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3286" xml:space="preserve">ſolidato, murorum frontes continebunt, at uerò obtranſuerſa fundamen
                <lb/>
              ta premere & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3287" xml:space="preserve">extrudere muri ſubſtructiones minime poterit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3288" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3289" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">De</emph>
              ipſo autem muro è qua materia ſtuatur aut perficiatur, ideo non eſt præfiniendum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3290" xml:space="preserve">quod in
                <lb/>
              omnibuslocis, quas copias, cas non poſſumus habere, ſed ubi ſunt ſaxa quadrata, ſiue ſilex
                <lb/>
              ſiue cæmentum, aut coctus later, ſiue crudus, his critutendum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3291" xml:space="preserve">Non enim uti Babylone abundantes
                <lb/>
              liquidobitumine, pto calce, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3292" xml:space="preserve">arena, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3293" xml:space="preserve">cocto latere factum habent murum, ſic item poſſunt omnes
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.065-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.065-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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