Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3911" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="44" file="514.01.076" n="76" rhead="LIBER"/>
              qui a Gnomone iã poſito Septentrionem uerſus mittebatur, est enim Alexandria citra æſtiuum circulum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3912" xml:space="preserve">his
                <lb/>
              peractis ex ratione, quam habet Gnomon ad umbram, Geometrica uia inuenit angulum ſub Gnomone, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3913" xml:space="preserve">ra-
                <lb/>
              dio Solis comprehenſum eſſe partem quinquageſimam rectorum angulorum quatuor, quare cum is angulus ſit
                <lb/>
              æqualis illi angulo, quem ſolis radius in terræ centro per Syenem demiſſus una cum Gnomone Alexandriæ po-
                <lb/>
              ſito, quem imaginamur etiam ferri ad centrum terræ, nam cum radij ferè eſſent paralleli, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3914" xml:space="preserve">ſimiles, anguli
                <lb/>
              quoque mutuo reſpondebant, neceſſe erat ſpatium illud circumferentiæ, inter Alexandriam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3915" xml:space="preserve">Syenem poſi-
                <lb/>
              tum eſſe totius partem quinquageſimam, cumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3916" xml:space="preserve">illud dimenſum eſſet ſtadiorum 5000. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3917" xml:space="preserve">continuo ſequebatur,
                <lb/>
              totum orbem eſſe ſtadiorum 250000. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3918" xml:space="preserve">cumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3919" xml:space="preserve">octo stadij milliare faciant, conſequens eſt ut 250000. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3920" xml:space="preserve">ſtadia
                <lb/>
              ſint milliaria 312050. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3921" xml:space="preserve">atque ita Tlinius, Vitruuius, alijq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3922" xml:space="preserve">authores componendi ſunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3923" xml:space="preserve">ſi diuerſitas aliqua
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.076-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.076-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              eſt inter eos, eam a menſurarum diuerſitate proficiſci puto. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3924" xml:space="preserve">Hæc ex ſchemate ubi †. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3925" xml:space="preserve">habebis.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3926" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3927" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Itaqve</emph>
              dextra, ac ſiniſtra circa Auſtrum, Euronotus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3928" xml:space="preserve">Altanus flare ſolent, circa Affricam Li-
                <lb/>
              bonotus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3929" xml:space="preserve">ſubueſperus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3930" xml:space="preserve">Cirea Fauonium Argeſtes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3931" xml:space="preserve">certis temporibus Etheſiæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3932" xml:space="preserve">Ad latera Cau-
                <lb/>
              ri, Circius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3933" xml:space="preserve">Corus, circa Septentrionem Traſcias, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3934" xml:space="preserve">Gallicus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3935" xml:space="preserve">Dextra ac ſiniſtra circa Aquilonem
                <lb/>
              Supernas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3936" xml:space="preserve">Boreas, circa Solanum Carbas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3937" xml:space="preserve">certo tempore Ornithiæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3938" xml:space="preserve">Euri uerò medias partes te-
                <lb/>
              nent in exrremis Cæcias & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3939" xml:space="preserve">Vulturnus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3940" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3941" xml:space="preserve">Atque hoc modo quatuor & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3942" xml:space="preserve">uiginti nomina uentorum habentur, quemadmodum figura I. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3943" xml:space="preserve">oſtendit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3944" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3945" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Svnt</emph>
              autem & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3946" xml:space="preserve">alia plura nomina, flatusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3947" xml:space="preserve">Ventorum, a locis, aut fluminibus, aut montium pro
                <lb/>
              cellis tracta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3948" xml:space="preserve">Præterea auræ matutinæ, quas ſol cum emergit de ſubterranea parte uerſando pulſat ae-
                <lb/>
              ris humorem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3949" xml:space="preserve">impetu ſcandendo trudens, exprimit aurarum antelucano ſpiritu flatus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3950" xml:space="preserve">qui cũ exor
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.076-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.076-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              to ſole permanſerint, Euri uenti tenent partes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3951" xml:space="preserve">Et ea re, quod ex auris procreatur a Græcis σμρος ui
                <lb/>
              detur eſſe appellatus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3952" xml:space="preserve">Craſtinus quoque dies propter auras matutinas σμρς fertur eſſe uocitatus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3953" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3954" xml:space="preserve">Videbat Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3955" xml:space="preserve">multas uentorum denominationes a locis particularibus deſumptas, nec ignorabat inconstan
                <lb/>
              tes eas eſſe appellationes, ideò eas poſuit, ut ſciremus non eſſe curandum quid quiſque ponat, ſed ad rem ipſam
                <lb/>
              communi quadam ratione intendendum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3956" xml:space="preserve">ſunt igitur plura nomina flatusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3957" xml:space="preserve">uentorum a locis, aut fluminibus,
                <lb/>
              aut montium procellis tracta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3958" xml:space="preserve">Vocat montium procellas tempestates, quæ a quibuſdam montibus uidentur
                <lb/>
              proueniri, quod patet his, qui iuxta Benacum incolunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3959" xml:space="preserve">alijs qui a montibus imbres procellas præidet fu-
                <lb/>
              turas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3960" xml:space="preserve">Sunt etiam uenti qui ***πγο\’μοι uocantur, quoniam ab humo exiliunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3961" xml:space="preserve">alij ἐκκόλπα qui a maris ſinibns per
                <lb/>
              flant, allij ἐκνέφiομ quod a nebulis profluant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3962" xml:space="preserve">Sed quis enumerabit tot flatus nomina, ſitus, regionesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3963" xml:space="preserve">Ventorũ?</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3964" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3965" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Svnt</emph>
              autem nonnulli qui negant Eratoſthenem ueram menſuram orbis terræ potuiſſe colligere,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.076-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.076-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              quæ ſiue eſt certa, ſiue non uera, non poteſt noſtra ſcriptura non ueras habere terminationes regio-
                <lb/>
              num unde uentorum ſpiritus oriantur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3966" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3967" xml:space="preserve">Quamuis opponant aliqui, affirmentq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3968" xml:space="preserve">Eratoſthenem non potuiſſe ueram menſuram orbis terræ colligere, non
                <lb/>
              tamen impediunt rationem Vitruuij, quæ poſita eſt in eo maximo interuallo, quod quiſque uentus occupat, in
                <lb/>
              quo plures mutationes ſolent fieri acceſſu, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3969" xml:space="preserve">receſſu uentorum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3970" xml:space="preserve">ideo inquit Vitr.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3971" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3972" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Ergo</emph>
              ſi ita eſt tantum erit, uti non certam menſuræ rationem, ſed aut maiores impetus, aut mino
                <lb/>
              res habeant ſinguli uenti.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3973" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3974" xml:space="preserve">Si igitur non. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3975" xml:space="preserve">certam uenti habent menſuræ rationem, magnaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3976" xml:space="preserve">occupant interualla, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3977" xml:space="preserve">quandoque maio-
                <lb/>
              res, quandoque minores habeant impetus, nihil refert an certam orbis menſuram iuuenerit Eratosthenes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3978" xml:space="preserve">ideò
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.076-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.076-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3979" xml:space="preserve">non contendit pro Eratosthene, ſed ſuam ſententiam tuetur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3980" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum obſeruatum eſt parti uni,quam
                <lb/>
              gradum appellant in maiori aliquo cœli circulo reſpondere in terris ſexaginta duo millia paſſuum cum dimidio,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3981" xml:space="preserve">ideò uniuerſum ambitum eſſe ſtadia 180000. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3982" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſunt milliaria 22500. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3983" xml:space="preserve">Obſeruatio autem huiuſmodiſu-
                <lb/>
              mitur hoc modo, metimur arcum circuli magni interpoſitum duorum locorum uerticibus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3984" xml:space="preserve">metimur etiam loco
                <lb/>
              rum interuallum in terra, quod cœli interuallo reſpondet, idemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3985" xml:space="preserve">habet centrum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3986" xml:space="preserve">quoniam ſimiles circum
                <lb/>
              ferentiæ habent cum proprijs circulis comparationem, ideo ut ſe habebit arcus inter uertices locorum ad cir-
                <lb/>
              culum uniuerſum, ita ſe habebit terreſtris itineris ſpatium inter duo loca, ad uniuerſum terræ ambitum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3987" xml:space="preserve">Sed
                <lb/>
              hæc Geometris relinquendas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3988" xml:space="preserve">Vitruuiana præcepta audienda. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3989" xml:space="preserve">Quoniam igitur breuius aliquanto uideba-
                <lb/>
              tur Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3990" xml:space="preserve">expoſuiſſe regiones uentorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3991" xml:space="preserve">qua ratione eorum flatus noxij uitare poſſemus in dirigendis uijs, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3992" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              angiportis ideo inquit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3993" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3994" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Qvoniam</emph>
              hæcanobis ſunt breuiter expoſita, ut facilius intelligantur, uiſum eſt mihi in extremo
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.076-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.076-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              uolumine formam, ſiue uti Græci χήματα dicunt duo explicare. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3995" xml:space="preserve">Vnum ita deformatum, ut appareat un
                <lb/>
              de certi uentorum ſpiritus oriantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3996" xml:space="preserve">Alterum quemadmodum ab impetu eorum aduerſis directioni-
                <lb/>
              bus uicorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3997" xml:space="preserve">platearum uitentur nocentes flatus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3998" xml:space="preserve">Idem repetit, quod ſupra dixit, ſed facilius & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3999" xml:space="preserve">ex
                <lb/>
              peditius. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4000" xml:space="preserve">inquit igitur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4001" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4002" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Erit</emph>
              autem in exæquata planitie centrum ubi eſt litera A. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4003" xml:space="preserve">Gnomonis autem antemeridiana
                <lb/>
              umbra ubi eſt B. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4004" xml:space="preserve">Et ab centro ubi eſt A. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4005" xml:space="preserve">diducto circino ad id ſignum umbræ ubi eſt B. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4006" xml:space="preserve">circum-
                <lb/>
              agatur linea rotundationis, repoſito autem Gnomone ubi ante fuerat, expectanda eſt dum decreſcat,
                <lb/>
              faciatq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4007" xml:space="preserve">iterum creſcendo parem antemeridianæ umbræ poſtmeridianam, tangatq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4008" xml:space="preserve">lineam rotunda-
                <lb/>
              tionis, ubi erit littera C. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4009" xml:space="preserve">tunc ab ſigno, ubi eſt B. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4010" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4011" xml:space="preserve">ab ſigno ubi eſt C. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4012" xml:space="preserve">circino decuſſatim de-
                <lb/>
              ſcribatur, ubi erit D. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4013" xml:space="preserve">Deinde per decuſlationem ubi eſt D. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4014" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4015" xml:space="preserve">centrum producatur linea ad extre-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.076-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.076-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              mum, in qua erunt litteræ E. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4016" xml:space="preserve">F. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4017" xml:space="preserve">hæc linea erit index meridianæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4018" xml:space="preserve">ſeptentrionalis regionis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4019" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
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