Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div166" type="section" level="2" n="47">
            <pb o="48" file="514.01.080" n="80" rhead="LIBER"/>
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div174" type="section" level="2" n="48">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head49" xml:space="preserve">De priſcorum hominum uita, & de initijs humanitatis, atque
              <lb/>
            tectorum, & incrementis eorum. # Cap. I.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4341" xml:space="preserve">HOmines, ueteri more, ut ferę in ſyluis,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4342" xml:space="preserve">ſpeluncis,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4343" xml:space="preserve">nemoribus naſcebantur, ciboq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4344" xml:space="preserve">agre-
                <lb/>
              ſti ueſcendo, uitam exigebant; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4345" xml:space="preserve">interea quodam in loco ab tempeſtaribus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4346" xml:space="preserve">uentis den-
                <lb/>
              ſæ crebritatibus arbores agitatæ,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4347" xml:space="preserve">inter ſe terentes ramos ignem excitauerunt,ex eo flã-
                <lb/>
              ma uehementi perterriti, qui circa eum locum fuerunt, ſunt fugati,poſtea re quieta pro-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.080-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.080-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              pius accedentes, cum animaduertiſſent commoditatem magnam eſſe corporibus, ad ignis teporem li-
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              gna adijcientes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4348" xml:space="preserve">eum conſeruantes alios adducebant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4349" xml:space="preserve">nutu monſtrantes oſtendebant quas habe-
                <lb/>
              rent ex eo utilitates. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4350" xml:space="preserve">in eo hominum congreſſu cum profundebantur aliter e ſpiritu uoces, quotidiana
                <lb/>
              conſuetudine uocabula, ut obtigerant, conſtituerunt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4351" xml:space="preserve">deinde ſignificando res ſæpius in uſu ex euen-
                <lb/>
              tu fari fortuito cœperunt,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4352" xml:space="preserve">ita ſermones inter ſe proereauerunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4353" xml:space="preserve">Ergo cum propter ignis inuentio-
                <lb/>
              nem conuentus initio apud homines, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4354" xml:space="preserve">concilium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4355" xml:space="preserve">conuictus eſſet natus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4356" xml:space="preserve">in unum locum plures
                <lb/>
              conuenirẽt, habentes a natura primum præter reliqua animalia, ut non proni, ſed erecti a mbularent,
                <lb/>
              mundiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4357" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4358" xml:space="preserve">aſtrorum magnificentiam aſpicerent, item manibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4359" xml:space="preserve">articulis, quam uellent rem faci-
                <lb/>
              litertractarent: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4360" xml:space="preserve">cœperunt in eo cætu alij de fronde facere tecta, alij ſpeluncas fodere ſub montibus,
                <lb/>
              nonnulli hirundinum nidos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4361" xml:space="preserve">ædificationes earum imitantes, de luto, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4362" xml:space="preserve">uirgultis facere loca, quæ
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.080-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.080-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              ſubirent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4363" xml:space="preserve">Tunc obſeruantes aliena tecta,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4364" xml:space="preserve">adijcientes ſuis cogitationibus res nouas, efficiebant in
                <lb/>
              dies meliora genera caſarum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4365" xml:space="preserve">Cum eſſent autem homines imitabili, dociliq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4366" xml:space="preserve">natura, quotidie inuen-
                <lb/>
              tionibus gloriantes, alijs alij oſtendebant ædiſiciorum effectus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4367" xml:space="preserve">ita exercentes ingenia certationi-
                <lb/>
              bus, in dies melioribus iudicijs efficiebantur, primumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4368" xml:space="preserve">furcis erectis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4369" xml:space="preserve">uirgultis interpoſitis luto,
                <lb/>
              parietes texerunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4370" xml:space="preserve">Alij luteas glebas arefacientes ſtruebant parietes, materia eosiugumentantes, ui-
                <lb/>
              tandoq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4371" xml:space="preserve">imbres, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4372" xml:space="preserve">æſtus tegebant arundinibus,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4373" xml:space="preserve">fronde. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4374" xml:space="preserve">poſtea, quoniam per hybernas tempeſtates
                <lb/>
              tecta non poterant hymbres ſuſtinere, faſtigia facientes luto inducto, proclinatis tectis ſtillici-
                <lb/>
              dia deducebant.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4375" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4376" xml:space="preserve">Hactenus ordine quodam miro, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4377" xml:space="preserve">artificio initium ædificandi, incrementum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4378" xml:space="preserve">finem, quatenus huma-
                <lb/>
              nænaturæ ſatis eſt,Vitruuius explicauit, ordine inquam miro, namq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4379" xml:space="preserve">statim cauſam, quæ homines in unum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.080-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.080-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              coegit, cætusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4380" xml:space="preserve">ſociauit, expoſuit: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4381" xml:space="preserve">ex qua re duo profecta ſunt homini maxime neceſſaria; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4382" xml:space="preserve">ſermo ſcilicet,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4383" xml:space="preserve">cognitio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4384" xml:space="preserve">Ex cognitione, qua præditum fuit humanum genus, ut omnia experiri, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4385" xml:space="preserve">tentare poſſet, ſtu-
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              dium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4386" xml:space="preserve">concertatio quædam orta est, qua in operibus utentes, artificium eduxere: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4387" xml:space="preserve">Artificium enim ſtudio,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4388" xml:space="preserve">uſu comparatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4389" xml:space="preserve">Vnde Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4390" xml:space="preserve">cap. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4391" xml:space="preserve">primo libri decimi inquit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4392" xml:space="preserve"># {Et ita quæ animaduerterunt ad uſum uti-
                <lb/>
              lia eße, ſtudys, artibus, inſtitutis gradatim augenda doctrinis curauerunt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4393" xml:space="preserve">} # Ex quo loco ſatis patet Vitru-
                <lb/>
              uium hac quoque parte eundem ordinem ſeruaſſe, ut prius quæ natura exigeret, explicandum ſibi duceret,
                <lb/>
              mox ad maiores commoditates, inde ad luxum pergeret oſtendendum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4394" xml:space="preserve">Vnde ibi quoque dixit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4395" xml:space="preserve"># {Attendamus
                <lb/>
              enim primum inuentum de neceſſitate, ut ueſtitus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4396" xml:space="preserve">reliqua.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4397" xml:space="preserve">} # Patet inſuper nos recte in primo uolumine
                <lb/>
              artis originem declaraſſe: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4398" xml:space="preserve">ſed ad interpretationem quorundam uerborum accedamus condonantes Vitru-
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              uio tanquam Architecto multa non ad Grammaticorum normam elaborata. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4399" xml:space="preserve">Interim quoque animaduertens,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.080-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.080-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              quod licet inferius initia ædificandi, ita fuiſſe probet, ut dixit, non tamen comprobauit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4400" xml:space="preserve">Et illud quod attulit
                <lb/>
              de initijs humanitatis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4401" xml:space="preserve">congreſſionis hominum, quos ignis utilitate illectos ſimul conueniſſe dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4402" xml:space="preserve">alia enim
                <lb/>
              forte, certiorq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4403" xml:space="preserve">cauſa, ut pote a natura profecta nos ducit, ut credamus hominem natura ſociale animal in
                <lb/>
              unum cætum ueniſſe, ut quiſque promeret quod alteri opus eſſet, acciperetq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4404" xml:space="preserve">aliunde, quod ipſe præstare non
                <lb/>
              poſſet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4405" xml:space="preserve">At poeticum quoddam induxit Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4406" xml:space="preserve">qui etiam caſu, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4407" xml:space="preserve">fortuito ſermonem inductum fuiſſe dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4408" xml:space="preserve">Cæ-
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              terum dixerim ego uocem a natura, ſermonem ab inſtitutione ortum ſumpſiſſe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4409" xml:space="preserve">Institutio autem ſermonis ſi-
                <lb/>
              ue a natura rei, ſiue ab eo, quod cuique placuit profecta ſit, nihil ad nos modo attinet: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4410" xml:space="preserve">illud tamen obſeruan-
                <lb/>
              dum est in Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4411" xml:space="preserve">quod ſiue doctrina, ſiue ingenio ductus fuerit, ordinem quendam oſtendit, in quo quadruplex
                <lb/>
              rerum perfectio declaratur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4412" xml:space="preserve">Perficiuntur enimres primo ut ſint, mox ut agere appetant, inde ut aptitudi-
                <lb/>
              nem quandam habeant,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4413" xml:space="preserve">uim ad agendum, poſtremo ut ſecundum eam uim, facultatemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4414" xml:space="preserve">agant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4415" xml:space="preserve">finem
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.080-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.080-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              agendo conſequantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4416" xml:space="preserve">Patent igitur hæc omnia in Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4417" xml:space="preserve">conſe quenter. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4418" xml:space="preserve">cum dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4419" xml:space="preserve"># {Ergo cum propter ignis
                <lb/>
              inuentionem conuentus initio} hic ponit homines eſſe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4420" xml:space="preserve">At cum dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4421" xml:space="preserve"># {Habentes a natura præter reliqua
                <lb/>
              animalia, ut non proni ſed erecti, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4422" xml:space="preserve">reliqua.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4423" xml:space="preserve">} Item {manibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4424" xml:space="preserve">articulis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4425" xml:space="preserve">} tangit aptitudinem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4426" xml:space="preserve">im-
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              petum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4427" xml:space="preserve">Mox actiones ſubdit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4428" xml:space="preserve"># {Obſeruanles aliena tecta,} quibus actionibus finem adepti ſunt, ut quæ ſibi
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              conuenirent, agerent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4429" xml:space="preserve"># {Primumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4430" xml:space="preserve">furcis erectis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4431" xml:space="preserve">uirgultis interpoſitis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4432" xml:space="preserve">} Hic mos etiam nunc ſeruatur
                <lb/>
              a monticolis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4433" xml:space="preserve">ab ijs, quos premit inopia. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4434" xml:space="preserve">Furca autem dicitur omne id, quo quid fulcitur,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4435" xml:space="preserve">ſuſtentatur, in
                <lb/>
              modum furcæ factum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4436" xml:space="preserve"># {Materia iugumentantes} ideſt ſubstratis lignis, ac ordine quodam inuicem col-
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              locatis tranſuerſario, directeq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4437" xml:space="preserve">opus contineri faciebant, ut luteas glebas ſuſtineret, hoc in Anglia cernimus,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4438" xml:space="preserve">tunc temporis etiam fieri Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4439" xml:space="preserve">affirmat, inquit enim.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4440" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4441" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Haec</emph>
              autem ex ijs, quæ ſupra ſcripta ſunt originibus inſtituta eſle, poſſumus ſic animaduertere,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.080-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.080-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              quod ad hunc diem nationibus exteris ex his rebus ædificia conſtituuntur, ut in Gallia, Hiſpania, </s>
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