Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[131] a b g. concentricum. d. eius centrũ.t z. eccentricum.h. eius centrum.e z. epicyclus.g. eius centrum.d b. & g z. œquales.d z. parallelogrammum.motus {concentrici a d g. \\ epicycli e g z. \\ eccentrici t b z. uet t dg. \\ iugieccentric. a d t. anguli t b z. & e g z. œqua-les ſunt.angulus a d g. œqualis augulis. {adt. \\ adg. f n b a d o k
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[132] b k epicyclus.b. centrum eius.h. uigum.n. Antijugum epicycli.k. punctũ primœ morœ.c. mundi centrum.o. punctũ ſecundæ morœ.h l k. arcus primœ mo rœ.k n o. arcus regreſſus-o b k. arcus directio-nis. L K A H B N O C
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[133] Porfioni del cerchio che fannoſe s̃teſſe torno dlaTramòntanaTram ontanaSlmiſifudineTramonſangCarro che uoſge infomoalla Framonlana
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[134] a b c d f
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[135] A. ſectio parabole.B. vestigium. C. parabole.G. ſectio ellipſis.D. ſectio hyperbole.E. vestigium F. hyperbole. a f a f 1 f f f 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 4 5 4 4 5 6 C 5 5 6 F 7 A 6 6 8 7 8 7 7 D 8 9 8 8 9 10 11 10 10 11 11 11 11 b 12 g e d b e h d gf g b 6 7 3 1 2 4 6 8 10c g b E a 11 9 7 3 3 1 d 2 4 6 8 10 e ha f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 a b c d 9 8 7 6 3 2 1 f b a H d g 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ff 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 g
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[136] m q 0 s k h c b s n L I p q s
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[137] Il polo.cqiunot.orizonte c e b a f
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[138] l n k mcridl. parte delverno E e h a s i 9 8 7 6 5della jtate 4 3 parte g h f x lacato manaco b r c linca del.piano t
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[139] Analemmatis figura.MERIDIAN: S. M. MLSLACITREVM.M.MERIDIAN: .S.OMVERTICAV.M..S.. O. M.ORIZON:W. A.STAB:
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[140] 11 ſ x d 11 p k 1 2 1 2 3 4 5f 6 r 11 10 9 8 7 n f m 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 1 02 3 4 1g c 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 e 11 10 9 8 7 q b o
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[141] 1 3 b x z g 2 5 f p 0 1 4 t I c e o n m r u 6 q i h 8 y d 5
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[142] 5 4 b 3 2 7 8 9 10 f 6 5 7 1 11 6 5 7 9 4 4 8 8 N 9 x 12 1 11 2 10 3 9 4 8 5 7 3 39 9 F 6 g 2 2 10 10 o a @ d 1 11 7 6 z 1 11 8 6 7 c 1 12 10 1@ 1 2 1 1 11 11 5 11 2 2 10 21 11 b f @ 8 3 3 9 9 12 1 4 5 g 6 10 8 11 1 9 10 2 2 2 10 5 7 2 z 9 c 8 4 7 5 9 3 10 4 8 8 4 3 7 2 10 7 5 9 3 1 11 12 8 4 11 1 10 2 0 @ d 7 5 9 3 I 8 4 7 5 6 c &
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[143] 5 6 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 1 11 4 8 3 9 d d 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 1 1 v n c
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[144] 12 1 1 1111 2 2 10 10 3 3 9 9 4 4 8 8 5 5 7 7 6 6 6 T 7 7 5 5 8 8 4 4 9 9 3 3 10 10 2 2 11 11 1 1 12
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[145] 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 1 2 3 10 4 5 E 6 6 7
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[146] 9 3 4 2 8 10 11 12 1 5 7 6 6 G
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[147] 8 9 10 7 6 5 11 1 8 1 11 F
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[148] 16 15 17 14 14 18 19 19 13 13 20 20 12 12 21 21 11 11 H 22 22 10 10 23 23 9 9 24 16 16 23 23 17 17 22 22 18 18 21 21 29 20
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[149] 19 20 21 18 17 22 23 17 16 18 17 9 15 14 13 11 13 20 16 12 21 17 20 22 21 11 22 10 23 9 18 L 17 18 19
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[150] 23 17 22 16 18 9 21 23 19 10 19 20 22 11 21 20 13 19 14 18 15 17 16 K
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[151] 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 23 15 14 13 12 11 10 11 12 21 22 10 9 23 M
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[152] Q K r n r 12 11 K 2 2 @ 4 p 8 7 e t 8 9 c P 7 4 3 10 7 @ P 5 q P 6 2 8 7 q P t t 11 1 I 1 11 7 q p 2 10 q p 3 9 @ a e b 4 8 2 7 6 5 P 10 6 f P 9 3 8 4 f P 1 f P 11 10 2 a f b e 4 9 3 11 10 2 11 1 11 1 u m 12 15 @ d 12 4 5 m 3 4 5 7 8 9 d @ 2 @ 0 10 2 11 1 a 0 s 7 1 n P p 5 6 7 10 6 6 6 3 4 8 9 7 e 5 5 7 4 5 3 10 11 12 1 2 3 8 9 3 1 e H 23 10 22 24 23 22 15 16 17 18 19 21 13 14 20
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[153] Horologia in plano meridiani.6 5 4 3 2 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 u l d 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 b n n n n n 5 4 3 2 1 a c e c y n n n n n p 1 2 3 4 5 n ſ ſ 4 3 2 1 r 4 3 2 1 e 4 3 2 1 B 9 10 11 12 13 14 e H 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 e E g r 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 F g d 23 22 21 20 19 18 18 c g G d f a b e g c 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f D e 11 10 19 18
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[154] Horologia in plano æquinoctialis.d b 5 6 7 4 8 9 3 g f k L @ m 2 10 l 8 1 11 a e b B L 1 f k m h @ z r s 1 n 11 A 2 1 10 12 3 9 11 1 4 8 10 1 2 5 6 7 b d 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 c 6 7 5 8 4 9 3 18 17 16 10 2 16 17 18 19 11 12 1 19 20 14 14 20 21 13 13 21 22 12 12 22 23 11 23 24 24 14 14 23 15 23 22 15 22 16 16 21 17 21 20 19 18 17 18 19 20
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[155] 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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[156] Instrumenta è regione poſita ſeruiunt fronti horologij ſequentis, illud uero inſerius eſt immobil-le ad aliud, & aliud ab artiſicio aquæ mouetur.B 270 A 360 stella.p.@ f 180 C 10 hircuſ@ 20 30 40 x cani ſminor* 50 60 70 80 90 C@nis Maior* D
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[157] 6 5 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 1 11 12 T R 12 L 11 1 A f C 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6
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[Figure 158]
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[Figure 159]
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[Figure 160]
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            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9481" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="106" file="514.01.138" n="138" rhead="LIBER"/>
              ne pro rata conſtituantur contracturæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9482" xml:space="preserve">Hæ autem propter altitudinis interuallum ſcandentis oculi
                <lb/>
              ſpeciem fallunt, quamobrem adijciuntur craſsitudinibus tem peraturæ . </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9483" xml:space="preserve">Venuſtatem enim perſequi-
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              tur uiſus, cuius ſi non blandimur uoluptati proportione, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9484" xml:space="preserve">modulorum adiectionibus, uti id, in quo
                <lb/>
              fallitur, temperationeadugeatur, uaſtus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9485" xml:space="preserve">inuenuſtus conſpicientibus remittetur aſpectus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9486" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9487" xml:space="preserve">Obſeruandum est uenuſtatem columnas habere, ſi tenuiores in ſummo ſint, quàm imo, hanc uero tenuita-
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              tem non ſolum efficere altitudinem, ipſa ſuapte natura , ſed etiam arte constitui oportere, oſtendit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9488" xml:space="preserve">eam
                <lb/>
              uocat contracturam, quoniam columnæ in ſummo ab ima craſſitudine, quaſi contrahi uidentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9489" xml:space="preserve">Obſeruandum
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              est tamen quo altiores columnæ ſunt, eo minus eſſe contrahendas, nam ipſa ( ut dixi) altudo ſuapte natura
                <lb/>
              contractionis ſpeciem quandam facit, qua
                <unsure/>
              madmodum optices ratio demonſtrat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9490" xml:space="preserve">Ratio autem contracturæ ab
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.138-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.138-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              ipſa rerum natura deſumpta est. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9491" xml:space="preserve">graciliores enim res naſcentes, ac tenuiores ſunt, quo magis a terra eriguntur,
                <lb/>
              quod & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9492" xml:space="preserve">in arboribus obſeruatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9493" xml:space="preserve">Habent etiam in medio columnæ adiectionem quandam, ſic enim uidentur
                <lb/>
              pondera ſuſtinere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9494" xml:space="preserve">in medio tumorem quendam facere , quam Græcientaſin uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9495" xml:space="preserve">Regulæ autem contra-
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              cturæ ſunt, hæc, ita diſpoſitæ.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9496" xml:space="preserve"/>
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            <handwritten number="24"/>
            <handwritten number="25"/>
            <handwritten number="26"/>
            <handwritten number="27"/>
            <handwritten number="28"/>
            <note position="right" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Columnæ altitudinis. # Scapus imus erit partium. # contractura ſummi ſcapi.
              <lb/>
            Ad XV. pedes. # VI. # V.
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            Ad XX. pedes. # VI. s # V. s
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            Ad XXX. pedes. # VII. # VI.
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            Ad XL. pedes. # VII. s # VI. s
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            Ad L. Pedes. # VIII. # VII.
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            </note>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9497" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">De</emph>
              adiectione, quæ adijcitur in medijs columnis, quæ apud Græcos entaſis appellatur, in extremo
                <lb/>
              libro erit formata ratio eius, quemadmodum mollis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9498" xml:space="preserve">conueniens efficiatur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9499" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9500" xml:space="preserve">Promiſſam habemus a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9501" xml:space="preserve">deſcriptionem adiectionis eius, quæ in medijs columnis adijcitur, puto ego eã
                <lb/>
              iudicio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9502" xml:space="preserve">dexteritate quadam artificis, potius quàm regula contineri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9503" xml:space="preserve">mollis enim & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9504" xml:space="preserve">conueniens fieri debet,
                <lb/>
              quare ad hoc inſtrumento quodam flexibili opus eſſe iudico.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9505" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div329" type="section" level="2" n="64">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head65" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De fundationibus, & columnis, atque earum ornatu, & epiſtylijs,
              <lb/>
            tam in locis ſolidis quàm in congeſtitijs. # Cap. III.</head>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9506" xml:space="preserve">SVbſtructionis fundationes eorum operum, fodiantur ( ſi queant inueniri, ) ab ſolido, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9507" xml:space="preserve">in
                <lb/>
              ſolidum, quantum ex amplitudine operis pro ratione uidebitur, extruantur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9508" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſtructu-
                <lb/>
              ra per totum ſolum quàm ſolidiſsima fiat.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9509" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9510" xml:space="preserve">Poſtquam de ijs rebus actum eſt, quæ ad aſpectum pertinebant, tum confuſe, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9511" xml:space="preserve">uniuerſali qua-
                <lb/>
              dam ratione, tum etiam diſtinctiori quodam modo, ne ædes per ſe ſubſistere quis credat, de fundationibus ea-
                <lb/>
              rum loquitur Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9512" xml:space="preserve">atque ita ordinatim, ( ut dixi ) a fundamentis uſque ad ſummũ tectum peruenit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9513" xml:space="preserve">hoc igitur
                <lb/>
              quarto capite de fundationibus, baſibus, columnarum ornamentis, deq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9514" xml:space="preserve">epistylijs, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9515" xml:space="preserve">faſtigijs templorum Io-
                <lb/>
              nico genere conſtructorum, præcepta tradit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9516" xml:space="preserve">Substructionis fundationes ita fieri debere ostendit, ut finem re-
                <lb/>
              ſpiciamus, ad quem inuentæ ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9517" xml:space="preserve">Iacimus enim fundamenta, ut ædes firmæ ſint, ac permanentes, quod ſi fun-
                <lb/>
              dationes firmæ non erunt, quomodo firmitatem habebunt ædificia? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9518" xml:space="preserve">ut igitur firma ſint, oportet ſolum ſolidum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.138-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.138-05a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              eſſe, atque ita excauari, ut inueniatur ſolidum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9519" xml:space="preserve">oportet etiam latiores eſſe ſubſtructiones, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9520" xml:space="preserve">ampliorem lo-
                <lb/>
              cum occupare, quàm quæ ſupra terram struuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9521" xml:space="preserve">Ita enim fiet, ut ſoliditate ſoli, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9522" xml:space="preserve">amplitudine fundamen-
                <lb/>
              ti quicquid ſuperſtruxeris ſedem habeat oneri aptam, firmam, ſolidamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9523" xml:space="preserve">. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9524" xml:space="preserve">Imitabimur quoque rerum natu-
                <lb/>
                <figure xlink:label="fig-514.01.138-01" xlink:href="fig-514.01.138-01a" number="28">
                  <image file="514.01.138-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/514.01.138-01"/>
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              ram, quæ ſolidis radicibus, amplisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9525" xml:space="preserve">in arboribus innixa,
                <lb/>
              truncos parte inferiori craſſiores facit, quàm in ſuperiori.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9526" xml:space="preserve">Solum igitur in quo fundationes fiunt, aut ſolidum natura-
                <lb/>
              le, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9527" xml:space="preserve">firmum erit; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9528" xml:space="preserve">aut molle, congeſtitium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9529" xml:space="preserve">tenerum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9530" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Diuerſo modo in utroque ſubſtruendum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9531" xml:space="preserve">nam in ſolido
                <lb/>
              excauabis, foßamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9532" xml:space="preserve">duces ita amplam, vt ratio operis
                <lb/>
              poſtulabit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9533" xml:space="preserve">Ipſamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9534" xml:space="preserve">planam efficies, ne ex una parte po-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.138-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.138-06a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              tius, quàm ex alia inclinet fabricæ pondus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9535" xml:space="preserve">ſi molle erit
                <lb/>
              ſolum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9536" xml:space="preserve">congeſtitium, aut id in ſuperficie, aut depreſ-
                <lb/>
              ſius erit tenerum, ſi in ſuperficie, eò uſque excauabis do-
                <lb/>
              nec ſolidum inueni us
                <unsure/>
              , ſi in profundum abibit, palificatio-
                <lb/>
              nes crebræ faciendæ ſunt , ſolumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9537" xml:space="preserve">crebris fiſtucationibus
                <lb/>
              ſolidandum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9538" xml:space="preserve">Fundamentum ſubſtructio dicitur, quæ eſt
                <lb/>
              quicquid ſub terra ſtruitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9539" xml:space="preserve">Substructio (ut dixi) ex par-
                <lb/>
              te inferiori, amplior eſſe debet, deinde minor fieri paula-
                <lb/>
              tim. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9540" xml:space="preserve">Foſſæ amplitudo Architecti iudicio relinquitur pro
                <lb/>
              ratione operis facienda , ſoliq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9541" xml:space="preserve">natura, nam ſæpe euenire
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.138-07" xlink:href="note-514.01.138-07a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              potest in amplißimis ædificijs, templis, pontibusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9542" xml:space="preserve">ut </s>
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