Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2422" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="24" file="514.01.056" n="56" rhead="LIBER"/>
              commoditatem, Decor honeſtatem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2423" xml:space="preserve">Iconomia reſpicit diſtributionem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2424" xml:space="preserve">iustitiam quandam partium ſed
                <lb/>
              hæc ex ſuperioribus ſatis ſunt manifeſta.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2425" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div106" type="section" level="2" n="42">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head43" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De partibus Architecturæ in priuatorum & publicorum ædi-
              <lb/>
            ficiorum distributionibus, & Gnomonices, & ma-
              <lb/>
            chinationis. # Cap. III.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2426" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Artes</emph>
              ipſius Architecturæ ſunt tres, Aedificatio Gnomonice. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2427" xml:space="preserve">Machinatio: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2428" xml:space="preserve">Aedifica-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.056-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.056-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              tio autem diuiſa eſt bipartito, è quibus una eſt mœnium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2429" xml:space="preserve">communium operum in pu
                <lb/>
              blicis locis collocatio, altera eſt priuatorum ædificiorum explicatio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2430" xml:space="preserve">Publicorum autem
                <lb/>
              diſtributiones ſunt tres, è quibus una eſt defenſionis, alia religionis, tertia opportunita-
                <lb/>
              tis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2431" xml:space="preserve">Defenſionis eſt murorum, turriumq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2432" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2433" xml:space="preserve">portarum ratio ad hoſtium impetus perpetuo repellen-
                <lb/>
              dos excogitata; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2434" xml:space="preserve">Religionis deorum immortalium fanorum, ædiumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2435" xml:space="preserve">ſacrarum collocatio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2436" xml:space="preserve">Opportu
                <lb/>
              nitatis omnium locorum ad uſum publicum diſpoſitio: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2437" xml:space="preserve">uti portus, fora, porticus, balnea, theatra,
                <lb/>
              inambulationes, cæteraq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2438" xml:space="preserve">, quæ ijſdem rationibus in publicis deſignantur locis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2439" xml:space="preserve">Hæc autem ita fie
                <lb/>
              ri debent, ut habeatur ratio firmitatis, utilitatis, uenuſtatis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2440" xml:space="preserve">Firmitatis erit habita ratio, cum fuerit
                <lb/>
              fundamentorum ad ſolidum depreſsio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2441" xml:space="preserve">ex quaque materia copiarum ſine auaritia diligens ele-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.056-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.056-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              ctio: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2442" xml:space="preserve">Vtilitatis autem emendata & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2443" xml:space="preserve">ſine impeditione, uſu locorum, diſpoſitio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2444" xml:space="preserve">ad regiones ſui cu-
                <lb/>
              iuſcunque generis apta & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2445" xml:space="preserve">commoda diſtributio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2446" xml:space="preserve">Venuſtatis autem, cum fuerit ſpecies grata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2447" xml:space="preserve">ele-
                <lb/>
              gans, membrorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2448" xml:space="preserve">commenſus iuſtas habeat ſymmetriarum rationes.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2449" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2450" xml:space="preserve">Nunc præſtandum est quod ſupra polliciti ſumus; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2451" xml:space="preserve">Architecturæ ſcilicet partes inueniendæ ſunt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2452" xml:space="preserve">partes in-
                <lb/>
              telligo non fabricæ, ædificij, ſed partes huius tractationis & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2453" xml:space="preserve">artis: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2454" xml:space="preserve">nam cum ſupra expoſitum ſit, quæ ſpe-
                <lb/>
              cies, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2455" xml:space="preserve">quæ forma mente concipienda ſit, quidq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2456" xml:space="preserve">in animo Architecti prius ineſſe debeat, nunc dicendum
                <lb/>
              in quibus rebus exterius exprimenda ſit forma illa ſpeciesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2457" xml:space="preserve">interna: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2458" xml:space="preserve">nam ordinare, diſponere, diſtribuere,
                <lb/>
              metiri, decorare, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2459" xml:space="preserve">uenustare ſunt ex eorum numero, quæ per ſe eſſe non poſſunt, aliquid enim extet opor
                <lb/>
              tet, quod ordinemus, diſponamus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2460" xml:space="preserve">reliquis rebus perficiamus, nam ( ut diximus ) Ars habitus eſt dire-
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              ctor operum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2461" xml:space="preserve">Triplex igitur Architecturæ ſubiecta wateries. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2462" xml:space="preserve">Aedificatio, Gnomonica, Machinatio: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2463" xml:space="preserve">In his
                <lb/>
              tribus ordinatio, distributio, ſymmetria, decor, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2464" xml:space="preserve">uenustas artis eſt collocanda Aedificationem abſoluit pri
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.056-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.056-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              mo, tertio, quarto, quinto, ſexto, ſeptimo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2465" xml:space="preserve">octauo libro: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2466" xml:space="preserve">Gn omonicam nono: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2467" xml:space="preserve">Machinationem decimo:
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2468" xml:space="preserve">Aedificatio duplex, aut enim publicorum explicatio est. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2469" xml:space="preserve">Publica, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2470" xml:space="preserve">communia opera tripartita intelligun-
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2471" xml:space="preserve">Sunt enim aut defenſionis, aut religionis, aut opportunitatis: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2472" xml:space="preserve">nam ſecuritas hoſtes, religio Deum, oppor
                <lb/>
              tunitas ciues reſpicit, quæſola, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2473" xml:space="preserve">maxima ſunt hominibus ex rebus neceſſarijs. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2474" xml:space="preserve">Defenſio mœnia, oppida,
                <lb/>
              propugnacula, uias, portas conſiderat, de quibus primo libro agitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2475" xml:space="preserve">Religio templa, ædesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2476" xml:space="preserve">ſacras, de qui
                <lb/>
              bus tertio & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2477" xml:space="preserve">quarto: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2478" xml:space="preserve">opportunitas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2479" xml:space="preserve">commoditas forum, curiam, baſilicas, theatra, porticus, ambulatio-
                <lb/>
              nes, portus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2480" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi, de quibus libro quinto. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2481" xml:space="preserve">Priuatam uerò uniuerſam rationem ſequentes libri expli
                <lb/>
              cant, ornamentaq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2482" xml:space="preserve">ædificiorum ſeptimo libro explicantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2483" xml:space="preserve">Octauo autem aquarum ductus exponuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2484" xml:space="preserve">At-
                <lb/>
              que hæc est uniuerſalis Vitruuianæ tractationis explicatio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2485" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum nos altius uniuerſum negotium repeten
                <lb/>
              tes, integram totius Architecturæ ſpeciem ante oculos ponemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2486" xml:space="preserve">Quoniam ergo ſcire arbitramur, cum cau-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.056-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.056-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              ſas cognoſcimus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2487" xml:space="preserve">Quot ſunt cauſarum genera quærendum eſt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2488" xml:space="preserve">quiquid igitur factum eſt ab aliquo factum est,
                <lb/>
              ex aliqua re, ad aliquem finem, aliqua forma, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2489" xml:space="preserve">ſpecie. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2490" xml:space="preserve">Effecta res igitur quatuor babet cauſas: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2491" xml:space="preserve">effectri-
                <lb/>
              cem, quam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2492" xml:space="preserve">agentem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2493" xml:space="preserve">motricem appellant, finem, formam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2494" xml:space="preserve">materiem: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2495" xml:space="preserve">Architectum formauimus
                <lb/>
              agentem ornatum illis dotibus, quas ſupra enumerauimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2496" xml:space="preserve">Formam quoque totius artis expreßimus, eamq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2497" xml:space="preserve">diximus ex Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2498" xml:space="preserve">conſtare, ordinatione, diſpoſitione, ſymmetria, decore, uenustate, diſtributione. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2499" xml:space="preserve">Finis iam
                <lb/>
              manifestus est, omnis enim ars ad finem uitæ utilem, tendit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2500" xml:space="preserve">Vtilitas igitur finis est uniuerſalis omnium ar-
                <lb/>
              tefactorum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2501" xml:space="preserve">Materies artis eſt uel ad neceſſitatem uel ad modum, uel ad iucunditatem referenda: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2502" xml:space="preserve">neceßita
                <lb/>
              tem abſoluit Aedificatio, modum machinatio, iucunditatem Gnomonica. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2503" xml:space="preserve">Totius ædificationis formam hoc
                <lb/>
              modo explicabimus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2504" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2505" xml:space="preserve">Cum natura comparatum ſit ut ſinguli ſingula, aut aliqua, nullus omnia poſſit, indigentia homines una
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.056-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.056-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              compulit, ac in unum cætum congregauit: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2506" xml:space="preserve">hinc ſocietas illa, quæ ciuitas appellatur, quæ multitudo eſt
                <lb/>
              quædam utilitatis cauſa in locum unum congregata. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2507" xml:space="preserve">Hanc multitudinem uniuerſam poſſumus conſiderare,
                <lb/>
              uel ea ratione, qua multitudo eſt, uel quatenus in ea aliquis excellat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2508" xml:space="preserve">præſtet: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2509" xml:space="preserve">ſi multitudinem uniuerſam
                <lb/>
              reſpicie mus, pro eius ſalute & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2510" xml:space="preserve">ſecuritate, urbem illi condemus munitam mœnijs, propugnaculis, foſſa, ualloq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2511" xml:space="preserve">pro commoditate, uias, pontes, cloacas, angiportus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2512" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi, quæ ad omnium commoda pertinent: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2513" xml:space="preserve">ſi
                <lb/>
              uero præſtantes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2514" xml:space="preserve">excellentes ex ea multitudine deligamus, inueniemus alios digniores, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2515" xml:space="preserve">potentiores eſſe
                <lb/>
              alios minus dignos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2516" xml:space="preserve">potentes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2517" xml:space="preserve">inter dignos potentesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2518" xml:space="preserve">unum, aut plures: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2519" xml:space="preserve">ſi unus, aut electione aliorum
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2520" xml:space="preserve">legitime præerit ille, aut ui & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2521" xml:space="preserve">contra leges; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2522" xml:space="preserve">ſi legitime præſit, princeps verus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2523" xml:space="preserve">legitimus; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2524" xml:space="preserve">ſi uiolenter
                <lb/>
              tyrannus perfidus appellabitur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2525" xml:space="preserve">intuitu finis utrique Architectus propriæ ædificationis rationem habere
                <lb/>
              debet: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2526" xml:space="preserve">Principi Regiam, Tyranno. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2527" xml:space="preserve">Arcem conſtruet: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2528" xml:space="preserve">inter digniores, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2529" xml:space="preserve">potentiores, alij diuino cultui, ac reli-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.056-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.056-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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