Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div204" type="section" level="2" n="52">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5365" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="59" file="514.01.091" n="91" rhead="SECVNDVS."/>
              noſtro ſenſui prorſus appareat, ſed compertus experimento, etiam dum non apparet ſciatur eße ſopitus; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5366" xml:space="preserve">pro-
                <lb/>
              pter quodeam calcem uiuam dicimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5367" xml:space="preserve">uelut ipſe ignis latens, anima fit inuiſibilis uiſibilis corporis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5368" xml:space="preserve">Iam ue-
                <lb/>
              ro quàm mirum eſt, quod cum eſtinguitur, tunc accenditur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5369" xml:space="preserve">vt enim occulto igne careat, aqua ei infunditur,
                <lb/>
              aqua ue perfunditur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5370" xml:space="preserve">cum ante ſit frigida, inde ferueſcit, unde feruentia cuncta frigeſcunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5371" xml:space="preserve">Velut expirante
                <lb/>
              ergo illa gleba, diſcedens ignis, qui latebat, apparet: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5372" xml:space="preserve">ac deinde tanquam mortua ſic frigida eſt, ut adiecta
                <lb/>
              unda non ſit arſura, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5373" xml:space="preserve">quam calcem uocabamus uiuam, uocemus extinctam, quid eſt hoc quod huic miraculo
                <lb/>
              addi poſſe uideatur? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5374" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5375" xml:space="preserve">tamen additur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5376" xml:space="preserve">Nam ſinon adhibeas aquam ſed oleum, quod magis fomes est ignis,
                <lb/>
              nulla eius perfuſione ferueſcit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5377" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div209" type="section" level="2" n="53">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head54" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De puluere puteolano. # Cap. VI.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5378" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">ESt</emph>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5379" xml:space="preserve">genus pulueris, quod efficit naturaliter res admirandas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5380" xml:space="preserve">naſcitur in regionibus Ba-
                <lb/>
              ianis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5381" xml:space="preserve">in agris municipiorum, quæ ſunt circa Veſuuium montem, quod commixtum
                <lb/>
              cum calce, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5382" xml:space="preserve">cæmento non modo cæteris ædificijs præſtat firmitates, ſed etiã moles, quæ
                <lb/>
              conſtruuntur in mari, ſub aqua ſolideſcunt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5383" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5384" xml:space="preserve">Non puto ego neceßarium hoc loco afferre quid de puluere puteolano tum Plinius, tum Seneca, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5385" xml:space="preserve">alij
                <lb/>
              dicant, totum enim a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5386" xml:space="preserve">deſumptum eſt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5387" xml:space="preserve">fides ea, quæ Plinio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5388" xml:space="preserve">alijs debetur, non aliunde eſt, quàm a
                <lb/>
              Vitruuio, quare ſatis eſt admonere, quid hoc capite agatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5389" xml:space="preserve">Agit ergo Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5390" xml:space="preserve">de quodam genere pulueris,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.091-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.091-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              quod Puteolanum dicitur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5391" xml:space="preserve">declarat ubinaſcitur, mox quid in ædificijs præstet utilitatis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5392" xml:space="preserve">Cauſam demum rei
                <lb/>
              deducit ex initijs rerum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5393" xml:space="preserve">Philoſophiæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5394" xml:space="preserve">Naſcitur inquit in regionibus Baianis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5395" xml:space="preserve">in agris municipiorum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5396" xml:space="preserve">Præstat autem hunc uſum, ut non ſolum ædificijs, quæ in terra fiunt, ſoliditatem afferat, ſed molibus quæ
                <lb/>
              conſtruuntur in mari firmitatem maximam comparet, utique ſi Cumano miſceatur cæmento, ut ait Plin. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5397" xml:space="preserve">Lib. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5398" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              35. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5399" xml:space="preserve">cap. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5400" xml:space="preserve">I3. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5401" xml:space="preserve">ubi etiam alia terræ genera ponit, quæ in lapidem conuertuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5402" xml:space="preserve">Eius enim est naturæ, ut merſus
                <lb/>
              cum calce, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5403" xml:space="preserve">cęmentis lapideſcat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5404" xml:space="preserve">Puteolanus dicitur a puteolanis collibus, ubi naſcitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5405" xml:space="preserve">Puteoli ciuitas
                <lb/>
              olim a iuſto imperio Dicarchia uocabatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5406" xml:space="preserve">Estautem ea ciuitas nunc Pozzolo nominata, in ora Campaniæ a
                <lb/>
              puteorum multitudine ſic nominata, a Samijs condita, ut Euſebio placet, quo tempore Brutus Tarquinios ex-
                <lb/>
              pulit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5407" xml:space="preserve">alij ab aquarum calidarum putore uolunt dictam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5408" xml:space="preserve">Baiæ est ciuitas Campaniæ a Baio Vlißis ſocio ibi
                <lb/>
              ſepulto, amœnißimo ſitu poſita. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5409" xml:space="preserve">unde Hor. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5410" xml:space="preserve">Nullus in urbe locus Eaijs prælucet amœnis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5411" xml:space="preserve">Municipium quid
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.091-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.091-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              ſit, dixi libro primo.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5412" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5413" xml:space="preserve">Hoc autem fieri hac ratione uidetur, quod ſub his montibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5414" xml:space="preserve">terræ feruentes ſunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5415" xml:space="preserve">fontes
                <lb/>
              crebri, qui non eſſent, ſi non in imohaberent aut de ſulfure, aut alumine, aut bitumine ardentes ma-
                <lb/>
              ximosignes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5416" xml:space="preserve">Igitur penitus ignis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5417" xml:space="preserve">flammæ uapor perinteruenia permanans, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5418" xml:space="preserve">ardens efficit leuem
                <lb/>
              eam terram, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5419" xml:space="preserve">ibi, quinaſcitur, tophus exugens eſt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5420" xml:space="preserve">ſine liquore. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5421" xml:space="preserve">Ergo cum tres res conſimili ratione
                <lb/>
              ignis uehementia formatæ in unam peruenerint mixtionem, repente recepto liquore unà cohæreſcũt,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5422" xml:space="preserve">celeriter humore duratæ ſolidantur, neque eas fluctus, neque uis aquæ poteſt diſſoluere.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5423" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5424" xml:space="preserve">Hactenus cauſam reddidit qua puteolanus puluis undis inexpugnabilis efficitur in ædificijs arena, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5425" xml:space="preserve">cæmen
                <lb/>
              to permixtus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5426" xml:space="preserve">ſimilis ferè cauſa eſt, ubi de calcis ſoliditate dixit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5427" xml:space="preserve">Ignis uehementia leuem eam terram efficit,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5428" xml:space="preserve">tophus, quiibi naſcitur ea de cauſa exugens eſt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5429" xml:space="preserve">ſine liquore. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5430" xml:space="preserve">cum igitur calx, puluis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5431" xml:space="preserve">tophus per-
                <lb/>
              miſcentur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5432" xml:space="preserve">cum ignis uirtute ualde permixtæ ſint, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5433" xml:space="preserve">inunum coactæ, imbibunt facile liquorem, quem
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.091-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.091-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              cum ad partes interiores abundanter traxerint, ſolideſcunt acriter, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5434" xml:space="preserve">ita cohærent, ut nihil extra inde pene-
                <lb/>
              trare in eas poßit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5435" xml:space="preserve">humor enim quaslibet ſiccipartes, ad quaslibet traxit, qui ubi exſiccatur, exſiccatur enim
                <lb/>
              a contracto iam calore, qui eſt in ea terra, ſolideſcit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5436" xml:space="preserve">Fit autem tophus ex terra in qua liquor ſpumat, qui ei-
                <lb/>
              dem terræ commiſcetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5437" xml:space="preserve">cum calore coagulatur, ideo ſpongioſum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5438" xml:space="preserve">leue inuenitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5439" xml:space="preserve">Pumex autem fit
                <lb/>
              ex multo liquore, cuius ſpuma a terreno ſibi permixto uehementer quicquam eſt paſſa. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5440" xml:space="preserve">Friabilis igitur tophus
                <lb/>
              eſt & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5441" xml:space="preserve">leuis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5442" xml:space="preserve">Pumex quoque aridus & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5443" xml:space="preserve">aſper. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5444" xml:space="preserve">Philander legit, { quodſub his montibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5445" xml:space="preserve">terra feruentes
                <lb/>
              ſunt fontes crebri,} ideſtſub his montibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5446" xml:space="preserve">ſub huiuſmodi terra, ſed parumrefert. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5447" xml:space="preserve">Sed quia dubirare
                <lb/>
              quis poſſet, an in illis montibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5448" xml:space="preserve">ſub illa terra ſit ignis uel ardor ullus, probat Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5449" xml:space="preserve">Ardores eſſe in ijs lo-
                <lb/>
              cis, quamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5450" xml:space="preserve">idſatis ea uerba arguerint. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5451" xml:space="preserve">{Quinon eſſent ſi non in imo haberent aut de ſulphure, aut alumine,
                <lb/>
              aut bitumine ardentes maximos ignes.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5452" xml:space="preserve">} Sulphuris in terræ generibus natura mira quo plurima domantur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5453" xml:space="preserve">
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.091-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.091-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              Naſcitur in inſulis Aeolijs inter Siciliam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5454" xml:space="preserve">Italiam, quas ardere diximus, in Italia quoq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5455" xml:space="preserve">inuenitur in Nea-
                <lb/>
              politano Campanoq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5456" xml:space="preserve">agro, collibus qui uocantur leucogæi, quod e cuniculis effoſſum, perficitur igni, ſulphuri
                <lb/>
              uicina est bituminis natura, alibi limus, alibi terra, ut ait Plin. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5457" xml:space="preserve">limus a Iudææ lacu ( ut diximus ) emergens,
                <lb/>
              terrain Syria circa Sidonem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5458" xml:space="preserve">Eſtuero liquidum bitumen ſicut zacynthium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5459" xml:space="preserve">quod a Babylone inuehitur,
                <lb/>
              ibi quidem & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5460" xml:space="preserve">candidum gignitur, liquidum eſt & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5461" xml:space="preserve">Apolloniaticum, quæ omnia Græci piſſaſphaltum appel-
                <lb/>
              lant, ex argumento picis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5462" xml:space="preserve">bituminis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5463" xml:space="preserve">Nec minor ab eo dißimilis eſt aluminis natura, quod intelligitur ſal-
                <lb/>
              ſugo terræ, fit autem omne ex aqua, limoq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5464" xml:space="preserve">, hoc est terræ exudantis natura, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5465" xml:space="preserve">multa alia de alumine Plin.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5466" xml:space="preserve">inquit ergo ut lucidius rem totam explicet.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5467" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5468" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Ardores</emph>
              autem eſſein his locis, etiam hæc res poteſt indicare. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5469" xml:space="preserve">Quod in montibus Cumano
                <lb/>
              rum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5470" xml:space="preserve">Baianisſunt loca ſudationibus excauata, in quibus uapor feruidus ab imo naſcens ignis uehe-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.091-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.091-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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