Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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            <pb o="61" file="514.01.093" n="93" rhead="SECVNDVS."/>
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div215" type="section" level="2" n="54">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head55" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Delapicidinis, earumque qualitatibus. # Cap. VII.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5569" xml:space="preserve">DE calce & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5570" xml:space="preserve">arena quibus proprietatibus ſint, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5571" xml:space="preserve">quas habeant uirtutes dixi: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5572" xml:space="preserve">Sequitur ordo
                <lb/>
              de lapidicinis explicare, de quibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5573" xml:space="preserve">quadrata ſaxa, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5574" xml:space="preserve">cæmentorum ad ædificia, eximun-
                <lb/>
              tur copiæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5575" xml:space="preserve">comparantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5576" xml:space="preserve">Hæ autem inueniuntur eſſe diſparibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5577" xml:space="preserve">diſsimilibus uirtu-
                <lb/>
              tibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5578" xml:space="preserve">Sunt enim aliæ molles, uti ſunt circa urbem urbræ, Pallienſes, Fidenates, Alba-
                <lb/>
              næ: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5579" xml:space="preserve">aliæ temperatæ uti Tiburtinæ, Amiterninæ, Soractinæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5580" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſunt his generibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5581" xml:space="preserve">nonnullæ durę
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.093-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.093-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              ut ſiliceæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5582" xml:space="preserve">Sunt etiam alia genera plura, uti in Campania ruber, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5583" xml:space="preserve">niger tophus, in Vmbria, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5584" xml:space="preserve">in Pice-
                <lb/>
              no, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5585" xml:space="preserve">Venetia albus, qui etiam ſerra dentata utilignum ſecatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5586" xml:space="preserve">Sed hæc omnia, quæ mollia ſunt hanc
                <lb/>
              habent utilitatem, quod ex his ſaxa cum ſunt exempta, in opere facillime tractantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5587" xml:space="preserve">ſiſint in locis
                <lb/>
              tectis, ſuſtinent laborem, ſin autem in apertis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5588" xml:space="preserve">patentibus, gelicidijs, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5589" xml:space="preserve">pruinis congefta, friantur,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5590" xml:space="preserve">diſſoluuntur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5591" xml:space="preserve">item ſecundum oras maritimas ab ſalſugine exeſa diffluunt, neque perferunt æftus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5592" xml:space="preserve">Tiburtina uero, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5593" xml:space="preserve">quæ eodem genere ſunt, omnia ſufferunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5594" xml:space="preserve">ab oneribus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5595" xml:space="preserve">a tempeſtatibus iniurias,
                <lb/>
              ſed ab igni non poſlunt eſſe tuta, ſimulq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5596" xml:space="preserve">ut ſunt ab eo tracta, diſsiliunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5597" xml:space="preserve">diſsipantur, ideo quod
                <lb/>
              temperatura naturali paruo ſunt humore: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5598" xml:space="preserve">item quod non multum habent terreni, ſed aeris plurimum,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5599" xml:space="preserve">ignis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5600" xml:space="preserve">Igitur cum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5601" xml:space="preserve">humor, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5602" xml:space="preserve">terrenum in his minus ineſt, tum etiam ignis tactu, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5603" xml:space="preserve">ui uaporis
                <lb/>
              ex his aere ſugato penitus inſequens, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5604" xml:space="preserve">interueniorum uacuitates occupans ferueſcit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5605" xml:space="preserve">efficit ea ſuis
                <lb/>
              ardentia corporibus ſimilia. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5606" xml:space="preserve">Sunt uero item lapidicinæ complures in finibus Tarquinienſium, quæ di-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.093-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.093-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              cuntur Anitianæ, colore quidem quemadmodum Albanę, quarum officinæ maximæ ſunt circa lacum
                <lb/>
              Vulſinienſem: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5607" xml:space="preserve">Item pręfectura Stratonienſi. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5608" xml:space="preserve">Eæ autem habent infinitas uirtutes, neque enim his geli-
                <lb/>
              cidiorum tempeſtas, neque tactus ignis poteſt nocere, ſed ſunt firmæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5609" xml:space="preserve">ad uetuſtatem ideo permanen
                <lb/>
              tes, quod parum habent e naturæ mixtione aeris, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5610" xml:space="preserve">ignis, humoris autem temperate, plurimumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5611" xml:space="preserve">ter-
                <lb/>
              reni, ita ſpiſsis compactionibus ſolidatæ, neque a tempeſtatibus, neque ab ignis uehementia nocentur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5612" xml:space="preserve">Id autem maxime iudicare licet e monumentis, quæ ſunt circa municipium Ferentis ex his facta lapi-
                <lb/>
              cidinis; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5613" xml:space="preserve">namque habent & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5614" xml:space="preserve">ſtatuas amplas factas egregie, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5615" xml:space="preserve">minora ſigilla, floresq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5616" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5617" xml:space="preserve">achantos elegan-
                <lb/>
              ter ſculptos, quæ cumſint uetuſta ſic apparent recentia, uti ſi ſint modo facta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5618" xml:space="preserve">Non minus etiam fa-
                <lb/>
              bri ærarij de ijs lapicidinis in æris flatura formas habent comparatas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5619" xml:space="preserve">ex his ad æs fundendum maxi-
                <lb/>
              mas utilitates, quæ ſi propè urbem eſſent, dignum eſſet, ut ex his officinis omnia opera perficerentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5620" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.093-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.093-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              Cum ergo propter propinquitatem neceſsitas cogat ex rubris lapicidinis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5621" xml:space="preserve">Pallienſibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5622" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſunt
                <lb/>
              urbi proximæ copijs uti: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5623" xml:space="preserve">ſi qui uoluerint ſine uitijs perficere, ita erit præparandum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5624" xml:space="preserve">Cum ædificandum
                <lb/>
              fuerit, ante biennium ea ſaxa non hyeme, ſed æſtate eximantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5625" xml:space="preserve">iacentia permaneant in locis paten-
                <lb/>
              tibus, quæ autem a tempeſtatibus eo biennio tacta læſa fuerint, ea in fundamenta conijciantur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5626" xml:space="preserve">cætera
                <lb/>
              quæ non erunt uitiata, ab natura rerum probata, durare poterunt ſupra terram ædificata, nec ſolum ea
                <lb/>
              in quadratis lapidibus ſunt obſeruanda, ſed etiam in cæmentitijs ſtructuris.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5627" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5628" xml:space="preserve">Tractat de ædendis lapidibus, nam de ijs, quæ arte fiunt ſupra ſatis eſt dictum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5629" xml:space="preserve">Eos uero quia natura con-
                <lb/>
              ceduntur, ſuis uirtutibus diſtinguit, alios enim molles, duros alios, nonnullos temperatos dicit, hisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5630" xml:space="preserve">addit,
                <lb/>
              album, rubrum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5631" xml:space="preserve">nigrum tophum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5632" xml:space="preserve">mox quas utilitates, quique afferant exponit ratione appoſita ex rerum
                <lb/>
              initijs, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5633" xml:space="preserve">elementis: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5634" xml:space="preserve">demum quomodo probentur lapides docet, quæ omnia facillima ſunt in Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5635" xml:space="preserve">ſed dictioni
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.093-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.093-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              Architecti propria, nam nollem hoc uelalio aliquo loco Vitruuium obſeruari, tanquam elegantem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5636" xml:space="preserve">lati-
                <lb/>
              num, ſed tanquam Architectum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5637" xml:space="preserve">Lapidum, qui natura conſtant, Architecti etiam naturam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5638" xml:space="preserve">uſum con-
                <lb/>
              ſiderant, in qua re bipartita ratio nobis proponitur, nam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5639" xml:space="preserve">tempus, quo eximuntur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5640" xml:space="preserve">uſus comparatio no-
                <lb/>
              bis explicanda eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5641" xml:space="preserve">prætereo autem lapides illos, qui cæmentitijs operibus aptiſunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5642" xml:space="preserve">eos adduco qui in stru
                <lb/>
              cturam ueniunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5643" xml:space="preserve">in lapidibus deſideramus, ut tempestatibus reſistant; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5644" xml:space="preserve">ventorum, imbrium, gelicidiorumq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5645" xml:space="preserve">uim perferant: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5646" xml:space="preserve">ſoliditatem operibus præstent: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5647" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5648" xml:space="preserve">ſuis quique locis collocentur, quarefit ut tempora eximen-
                <lb/>
              dorum lapidum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5649" xml:space="preserve">experimenta conſideranda ſint. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5650" xml:space="preserve">Hinc præceptum illud Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5651" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5652" xml:space="preserve">Catonis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5653" xml:space="preserve">{ Cum ædi-
                <lb/>
              ficandum fuerit, ante biennium ea ſaxa, non hyeme, ſed æstate eximantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5654" xml:space="preserve">iacentia permaneant in locis
                <lb/>
              patentibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5655" xml:space="preserve">Et reliqua. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5656" xml:space="preserve">Niſi forte & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5657" xml:space="preserve">illud experimentum addendum ſit, ut ex ueterum ædificijs, potiusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5658" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              ex naturæ initijs lapidum uires iudicemus, conſideremusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5659" xml:space="preserve">quid uetustas attulerit, quodmaximum erit do-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.093-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.093-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              cumentum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5660" xml:space="preserve">Sed ad uſum ueniam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5661" xml:space="preserve">comparationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5662" xml:space="preserve">Comparantur lapides inter ſe colore, perſpicuitate, odo-
                <lb/>
              re, pondere, duritie, aſperitate, tempore, uenarum numero, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5663" xml:space="preserve">qualitate. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5664" xml:space="preserve">De his ſingulis dicendum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5665" xml:space="preserve">Color
                <lb/>
              eſt qualitas in ſuperficie lapidis oculis apparens. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5666" xml:space="preserve">Albi lapides faciliores ſuntfuſcis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5667" xml:space="preserve">Nigri punctis emanan-
                <lb/>
              tibus, indomiti: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5668" xml:space="preserve">ſed angularibus guttis aſperſi ſunt firmiores, quam quigloboſas habent, guttæq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5669" xml:space="preserve">ipſæpar-
                <lb/>
              uitate lapides probant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5670" xml:space="preserve">Aureæuero intermicantes ſcintillæ contumaces indicant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5671" xml:space="preserve"># Sed illud in colore ani-
                <lb/>
              maduertendum eſt, quod color omnis limpidus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5672" xml:space="preserve">expurgatus diuturnitatis index eſt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5673" xml:space="preserve">Fuſcus lapis quo diſ-
                <lb/>
              creuit uena magis, eo plusferriest impatiens. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5674" xml:space="preserve">Diuerſitas autem colorum in lapidibus a diuerſa exhalatio-
                <lb/>
              ne, ex qua oriuntur, accidere ſolet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5675" xml:space="preserve">Fuſci enimaterreno aduſto, candidia puro atque aereo uelaqueo, ui-
                <lb/>
              rides ex humoris copia, rubeus a uehementi calore, non humente materia fit, cæruleus ex rubra natura coa-
                <lb/>
              leſcit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5676" xml:space="preserve"># Perſpicuitas, qualitas est luciperuia, cuius contrarium opacitas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5677" xml:space="preserve">Siquis ergo perſpicuum lapi-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.093-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.093-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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