Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div49" type="section" level="1" n="5">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2296" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="26" file="0030" n="32" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            mercanti, gabellieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2297" xml:space="preserve">per li delicati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2298" xml:space="preserve">quieti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2299" xml:space="preserve">ma le habitationi de i grandi, che con i lor graui prouedimenti go-
              <lb/>
            uernano la Republica, ſi deono alla commodità loro fabricare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2300" xml:space="preserve">in breue la diſpenſatione de gli Edifici conuiene
              <lb/>
            eſſere ſecondo le perſone.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2301" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2302" xml:space="preserve">Comele maniere del dire ſono qualità dell’oratione conuenienti alle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2303" xml:space="preserve">alle perſone, coſi le maniere de gli edificij ſono qualità dell’arte con-
              <lb/>
            uenienti alle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2304" xml:space="preserve">alle perſone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2305" xml:space="preserve">ſi come per ſare una maniera dell’oratione otto coſe neceſſarie ſono, cio è la ſententia, che è l’intendi-
              <lb/>
            mento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2306" xml:space="preserve">la uoglia dell’huomo, l’artificio, col quale l’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2307" xml:space="preserve">l’altra coſa ſi leua dall’interno concetto, le parole, che eſprimeno li concetti,
              <lb/>
            la compoſitione di quelle, con i colori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2308" xml:space="preserve">figure, il mouimento delle parti che ſi muouano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2309" xml:space="preserve">la chiuſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2310" xml:space="preserve">il fine della compoſitione, coſi per
              <lb/>
            ſpedire unamanier a dell’arte, ſeicoſe neceſſarie ſono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2311" xml:space="preserve">queſte gia quaſi tutte habbiamo di ſopra ſpedite; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2312" xml:space="preserve">reſta ſolamente la Diſtributione,
              <lb/>
            quella, che nell’arte or atoria ſommamente è deſiderata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2313" xml:space="preserve">molto s’apprezza nella cura della ſamiglia, anzi è con uno ſteſſo uocabolo in Gre
              <lb/>
            co nominata Iconomia, queſta pare, che con il Decoro conuenga riſerendoſi, alle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2314" xml:space="preserve">alle perſone, ma è differente, perche il Decoro ſi ri-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0030-01" xlink:href="note-0030-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            feriſce alle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2315" xml:space="preserve">alle per ſone in quella parte, che è conueneuole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2316" xml:space="preserve">honeſta, ma la Diſtributione in quella parte, che è utile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2317" xml:space="preserve">commoda,
              <lb/>
            come ſi uede nel Seſto libro all’ottauo Capitolo, nel quale ſi puo dire, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2318" xml:space="preserve">habbia uoluto dichiarare la preſente parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2319" xml:space="preserve">però gli ſtudioſi
              <lb/>
            di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2320" xml:space="preserve">leggeranno quello, che iui è detto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2321" xml:space="preserve">l’applicheranno alla Diſtributione, che io per non eſſer tedioſo lo pretermetto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2322" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div73" type="section" level="1" n="6">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head5" xml:space="preserve">CAPITOLO III. DELLE PARTI DELL’ARCHITETTVRA.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2323" xml:space="preserve">LE parti dell’Architettura ſono tre, Fabrica, Regolato lineamento, Opera di machine.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2324" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2325" xml:space="preserve">Tempo è, che io ſatisfaccia homai alla promeſſa ſatta di ſopra, quando io disſi di douer diuidere, et dichiarar le parti
              <lb/>
            dell’Architcttura, però con quella breuità maggiore, che mi ſar à cõceſſa, eſprimere intendo tutta la ſorma intiera, et unità
              <lb/>
            dell’Architettura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2326" xml:space="preserve">dimostrare le parti ſue ordinatamẽte, accioche rinchiudiamo ne i terinini ſuoi tutto il corpo di eſſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2327" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2328" xml:space="preserve">Il ſaperenon è altro, che conoſcer gli effetti per le propie cauſe, ogni effetto è ſatto da aleuno, di qualche coſa, ad alcuno
              <lb/>
            fine, cõ aleun modo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2329" xml:space="preserve">forma; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2330" xml:space="preserve">colui che fa è detto agente, quella coſa di che ſi fà è detta materia, ò ſoggetto;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2331" xml:space="preserve">quella à cui s’in
              <lb/>
            drizza è detta fine, quella che cõ pie, et rende perſetta in eſſere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2332" xml:space="preserve">in figura, è detta ſorma; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2333" xml:space="preserve">nõ piu di quattro adunque ſono le cauſe principali,
              <lb/>
            per ò bene intendere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2334" xml:space="preserve">ſapere ſi dirà colui, che ſapr à le dette cauſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2335" xml:space="preserve">Noi dell’Agente artificioſo, quale egli ſi ſia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2336" xml:space="preserve">di che conditione eſſer
              <lb/>
            debbia, gia detto habbiamo, quando & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2337" xml:space="preserve">l’ufficio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2338" xml:space="preserve">le uirtu dello Architetto habbiamo dichiarato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2339" xml:space="preserve">La forma ſimilmẽte in uniuerſale è ſtata
              <lb/>
            eſposta, reſtaci à dire della materia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2340" xml:space="preserve">del fine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2341" xml:space="preserve">per piu chiara intelligenza dicemmo in ſomma, che ad imitatione delle coſenaturali conſi-
              <lb/>
            deriamo nelle artificiali due coſe; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2342" xml:space="preserve">l’una è lo eſſere, l’altra é il bene eſſere, circa lo eſſere conſideriamo la materia, la forma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2343" xml:space="preserve">la compoſitione,
              <lb/>
            circa il bene eſſere conſideriamo gl’ornamenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2344" xml:space="preserve">gl’acconciamenti dell’opere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2345" xml:space="preserve">perche molti ſtrumenti ci biſognano per comporre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2346" xml:space="preserve">uni-
              <lb/>
            re la materia alla ſorma, però è neceſſario trattar de gli strumenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2347" xml:space="preserve">delle machine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2348" xml:space="preserve">la ragione delle ſopradette coſe in tal modo ſi eſpo-
              <lb/>
            ne. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2349" xml:space="preserve">L’arte quanto può imita la natura, et questo auuiene, percioche il principio dell’arte ch’l’intelletto humano ha grã ſimiglianza cõ il princi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0030-03" xlink:href="note-0030-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            pio, che muoue la natura, ilquale, è, una intelligenza Diuina, dalla ſimiglianza delle uirtù, et de principij naſce la ſimiglianza dell’operare, che
              <lb/>
            per hora imitatione chiameremo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2350" xml:space="preserve">Queſta imitatione in ogni arte ſi uede, ma molto maggiormente in quella, che di tutte l’arti é giudice, et mae
              <lb/>
            ſtra, imitaremo adũque la natura nel trattamento dell’arte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2351" xml:space="preserve">Le coſe naturali eſſendo di uarij, et diuerſi principij compoſte, ci danno da cõſidera-
              <lb/>
            re in eſſe tre coſe; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2352" xml:space="preserve">Puna è di che fatte, et generate ſono; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2353" xml:space="preserve">et queſta materia ſi dimãda, l’altra è quella, che dalla detta materia hauuta eſſa materia è
              <lb/>
            perſetta, et finita, et queſta ſi chiama forma; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2354" xml:space="preserve">la terza è quel tutto, che d’ambe le dette inſieme congiunte ne riſulta, ſimile conſider atione, è, fatta
              <lb/>
            dallo intelletto humano circa le coſe ritrouate, et regolate dalla ragione, et però egli nell’Architettura dichiara la ſorma; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2355" xml:space="preserve">la materia, la cõpoſitio
              <lb/>
            ne dell’opere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2356" xml:space="preserve">imitando la natura per l’occulta uirtù, che in lei ſi troua, dalle coſe meno perſette alle piu perſette ſempre deſcẽde. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2357" xml:space="preserve">Tratta adun
              <lb/>
            que prima dell’eſſere, poi del bene eſſere ſeguẽdo la natura, percio, che non ſi può adornare, quello che nõè;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2358" xml:space="preserve">ma perche il principio, che regge la
              <lb/>
            natura è d’infinita Sapièza ornato, ottimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2359" xml:space="preserve">potentisſimo; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2360" xml:space="preserve">perciò fà le coſe belle, utili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2361" xml:space="preserve">grande: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2362" xml:space="preserve">conucneuolmente l’Architetto imitando il
              <lb/>
            Fattor della natura deue riguardare alla bellezza, utilità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2363" xml:space="preserve">fermeza dell’opere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2364" xml:space="preserve">Trattando adunque della forma biſogna, che egli ſappia
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0030-04" xlink:href="note-0030-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ordinare, diſporre, miſurare, distribuire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2365" xml:space="preserve">ornare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2366" xml:space="preserve">riguardare à quello, che ſi conuiene, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2367" xml:space="preserve">perciò fare, ſar à egli instituito con quel-
              <lb/>
            le conditioni, che nel primo cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2368" xml:space="preserve">dette ſono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2369" xml:space="preserve">con quelle, che nel ſecondo ſi leggono, ſotto nome di forma compreſi ſono i lineamenti, i ſiti
              <lb/>
            delle coſe, la doue ſi conſidera la Regione con tutte le ſue qualità occulte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2370" xml:space="preserve">maniſeſte, buone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2371" xml:space="preserve">ree, il piano, il partimento di quello, la ele
              <lb/>
            uatione de i lati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2372" xml:space="preserve">della fronte, l’apriture i coperti con ogni lor conditione, ammaeſtramento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2373" xml:space="preserve">regolatione, come ſi dir à poi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2374" xml:space="preserve">questa é
              <lb/>
            la conſideratione uniuerſale della forma. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2375" xml:space="preserve">Seguita quella, che appartiene alla materia, ma prima, che la materia diſpoſta ſia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2376" xml:space="preserve">apparecchiata
              <lb/>
            biſogna conſiderare, che lo intelletto dell’huomo è imperſetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2377" xml:space="preserve">non equale allo intelletto Diuino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2378" xml:space="preserve">non equale allo intelletto Diuino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2379" xml:space="preserve">la materia, come ſi dice;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2380" xml:space="preserve">è ſorda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2381" xml:space="preserve">la
              <lb/>
            mano non riſponde all’intentione dell’arte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2382" xml:space="preserve">però prima, che l’Architetto ſi ad incominciar l’opere deue, imitar l’agente naturale, il quale
              <lb/>
            non opera, ſe non ſecondo il ſuo potere, coſi ſar à l’Architetto conſiderando l’opera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2383" xml:space="preserve">la ſpeſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2384" xml:space="preserve">perche la natura nelle coſe piu perfette,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2385" xml:space="preserve">piu tempo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2386" xml:space="preserve">piu diligenza par che ui metta; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2387" xml:space="preserve">però l’architetto ha da penſar molto bene, et per far piu certa la riuſcita dell’opere, col diſ-
              <lb/>
            ſegno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2388" xml:space="preserve">col modello ſi mouer à prima, udendo anco i meno eſperti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2389" xml:space="preserve">laſciando raffreddare l’affetto per dar luogo al giuditio, imiterà la na-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0030-05" xlink:href="note-0030-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            tura, che contra il ſuo fattore non opera alcuna coſa, però egli non cercher à coſe imposſibili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2390" xml:space="preserve">quanto alla materia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2391" xml:space="preserve">quanto alla forma,
              <lb/>
            che nè egli, né altri le poſſa finire, conſiderando, che il Fattor del mondo, uolendo quello formar di niente fece la materia delle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2392" xml:space="preserve">la natura
              <lb/>
            come primo ſuo parto, mancando di tanto potere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2393" xml:space="preserve">uolendo pur asſimigliarſi al ſuo Fattore nelle generationi delle coſe, piglia quella mate-
              <lb/>
            ria, che ha uno eſſer ſenza forma, con attitudine à riceuer ogni forma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2394" xml:space="preserve">di quella ſà ciò che ſi troua al mondo ſenſibile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2395" xml:space="preserve">corporale; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2396" xml:space="preserve">onde
              <lb/>
            l’arte oſſeruatrice della natura, uolendo anch’ella fare alcuna coſa, prende la materia dalla natura posta in eſſer di ſorma ſenſibile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2397" xml:space="preserve">naturale,
              <lb/>
            come è il legno, il ferro, la pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2398" xml:space="preserve">forma quella materia di quella Idea, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2399" xml:space="preserve">di quel ſegno, che nella mente dello Arteſice, è, ripoſto; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2400" xml:space="preserve">prepa-
              <lb/>
            rato adunque il dinaro, acciò, che coſa niuna ſia d’impedimento all’opera proueder asſi della materia, della quale ſi tratta nella ſeconda parte;
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2401" xml:space="preserve">La principal materia, che uſa l’Architetto, è il legno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2402" xml:space="preserve">la pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2403" xml:space="preserve">quelle coſe, che compongono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2404" xml:space="preserve">metteno inſieme il legno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2405" xml:space="preserve">la pietra,
              <lb/>
            però conſidera nel ſecondo libro Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2406" xml:space="preserve">le pietre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2407" xml:space="preserve">gli alberi, l’arena, la calce, la pozzolana, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2408" xml:space="preserve">partitamente la qualità, l’uſo, la natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2409" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            il modo ſi del tutto, come delle parti ci propone, acciò che ſappiamo poi nelle ſabriche ſeruici delle dette coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2410" xml:space="preserve">in fine ſi ragiona di quella ma
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0030-06" xlink:href="note-0030-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            teria, che la natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2411" xml:space="preserve">l’uſanza n’apporta, perche di quella, à che la necesſità ne aſtrigne, non ſi ragiona, eſſendo in diuerſi luoghi diuerſa,
              <lb/>
            come è bitume, cocciole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2412" xml:space="preserve">altre coſe, che per pietre, ò uerò arena ſi uſano, doue arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2413" xml:space="preserve">pietre non ſono; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2414" xml:space="preserve">in alcuni luoghi ſi cuopreno le
              <lb/>
            caſe con testuggini, in alcuni con palme; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2415" xml:space="preserve">altri uſano il cuoio ſecondo il biſogno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2416" xml:space="preserve">Preparata adunque la materia, et conſider ata la forma in uni-
              <lb/>
            uerſale, ciresta à dire della compoſitione, ma prima egli ſi deue auuertire, che lo agente, che regge la natura è d’infinite forme ripieno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2417" xml:space="preserve">or
              <lb/>
            dinatamente procedendo muoue le cauſe ad una ad una, infondẽdo in ciaſcuna uirtù ſecondo il uoler ſuo, quelle cauſe coſi moſſe portano qua giù
              <lb/>
            quel diuino influſſc con ordine marauiglioſo, la onde dal primo eſſere, dalla prima uita, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2418" xml:space="preserve">dal primo intelletto, ogni eſſere, ogni uita, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2419" xml:space="preserve">ogni
              <lb/>
            intelletto dipende; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2420" xml:space="preserve">il che coſi eſſendo, biſogna, che l’Architetto ſia ſaggio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2421" xml:space="preserve">buono; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2422" xml:space="preserve">ſaggio in conoſcere per le regole della non fucata Aſtro-
              <lb/>
            nomia l’ordinatione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2423" xml:space="preserve">influenza diuina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2424" xml:space="preserve">l’oſſeruatione de i tempi atti à dar principio all’opere, tralaſciãdo gli ardentisſimi Soli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2425" xml:space="preserve">gli acu-
              <lb/>
            tisſimi ghiacci, buono, ſi infatti, non eſſendo auaro, ne dedito à uitij; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2426" xml:space="preserve">ſi in parole pregando il datore di tutte le ſorme, che lo ſpogli d’ignoran-
              <lb/>
            za, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2427" xml:space="preserve">lo ſuegli à partorire le belle inuentioni con proſpero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2428" xml:space="preserve">ſclice ſucceſſo dell’arte ſua, et beneficio commune de gli huomini. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2429" xml:space="preserve">Hora per ri-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0030-07" xlink:href="note-0030-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            tornare al propoſito, io dico, che non ſolamente imitar ſi deue la natura nel modo piu uniuerſale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2430" xml:space="preserve">commune, ma ſempre al meno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2431" xml:space="preserve">piu ri-
              <lb/>
            ſtretto diſcendere, per ilche gl’Architetti ſi sſorzano di far l’opere loro à qualche opera di natura ſimiglianti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2432" xml:space="preserve">non eſſendo qua giu coſa,
              <lb/>
            che in perfettione all’huomo s’aguaglie, bellisſimo eſſempio in ogni artiſicio ci dar à il cõſiderare la proportione del corpo humano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2433" xml:space="preserve">Certo è che
              <lb/>
            la natura nella generatione dell’huomo dimoſtra ueramente à quello ogni coſa douerſi riſerire, la onde perfetta coſa lo rende, et per ciò di molte
              <lb/>
            parti come di molti strumẽti dotato in ſeruitio dell’anima, et della uita ſi uede. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2434" xml:space="preserve">Delle dette parti alcune ſono di nome, et di natura ſimiglianti, co
              <lb/>
            me il ſangue, l’oſſa, i nerui, unperò che ogni parte di ſangue;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2435" xml:space="preserve">è ſangue;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2436" xml:space="preserve">ogni parte d’oſſo è oſſo;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2437" xml:space="preserve">ogni parte di neruo è neruo; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2438" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2439" xml:space="preserve">coſi uien chiamato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2440" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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