Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div90" type="section" level="1" n="9">
          <pb o="39" file="0045" n="47" rhead="PRIMO."/>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div111" type="section" level="1" n="10">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head9" xml:space="preserve">DELLA ELETTIONE DE I LVOGHI ALLVSO COMMVNE
            <lb/>
          DELLA CITTA. CAP. VII.</head>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3851" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">Divisi</emph>
            icapi delle uie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3852" xml:space="preserve">deſcritte le piazze, deueſi fare la elettione de i piani manifeſta al commo-
              <lb/>
            do, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3853" xml:space="preserve">all’uſo commune della Città per li Sacri Tempi, per lo Foro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3854" xml:space="preserve">per gli altri luoghi communi-
              <lb/>
            Tratta Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3855" xml:space="preserve">in queſto cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3856" xml:space="preserve">quanto appartiene all’uniuerſal Diſpoſitione, Diſtributione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3857" xml:space="preserve">Decoro de i luoghi, conſideran
              <lb/>
            do il cõpartimento de i luoghi all’uſo commune. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3858" xml:space="preserve">Compartimento è ragioneuole diuiſione del piano, nella quale é poſta tutta
              <lb/>
            la forza dell’ingegno, et dell’opera, come in quella in cui ripoſto ſia l’uſo del tutto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3859" xml:space="preserve">delle parti, la forza della proportione,
              <lb/>
            la conſuetudine de paeſi, et la conſider atione de tempi, come nella ſottoſcritta partitione ſi dimoſtra cõpartimẽto nel qua-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0045-01" xlink:href="note-0045-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            le ſi conſidera l’uſo delle parti, la proportione, l’ſanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3860" xml:space="preserve">le ſtagioni. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3861" xml:space="preserve">L’uſo eſſer deue accompagnato dal Decoro, dalla baſtanza delle parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3862" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            dalla intentione del fine; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3863" xml:space="preserve">del Decoro s’ė detto diſopra al I I. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3864" xml:space="preserve">cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3865" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3866" xml:space="preserve">ne dir à qui ſotto Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3867" xml:space="preserve">il reſtante ſe dichiarerà al luogo ſuo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3868" xml:space="preserve">La proportio
              <lb/>
            ne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3869" xml:space="preserve">riſpondenza ſia, che à grandi ſoggetti, grandi edifici ſi facciano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3870" xml:space="preserve">de i grandi edifici ſiano i membri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3871" xml:space="preserve">le parti grandi, perche la
              <lb/>
            Città è una grandisſima caſa, come ſi puo dire, che la caſa ſia picciola Città. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3872" xml:space="preserve">Il ſauio Architetto deue alcuna coſa donare all’uſanza de ſuoi pae
              <lb/>
            ſi; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3873" xml:space="preserve">non però deue egli errare, ne abbandonare la ragione, ma non laſciare la uſanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3874" xml:space="preserve">tenerſi alla ſcienza, altrimenti la cattiua uſanza non è
              <lb/>
            altro che la uecchiezza del uitio, dal quale animo ſamente l’huomo ſi deue diſcoſtare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3875" xml:space="preserve">dar buono eſſempio à ſucceſſori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3876" xml:space="preserve">Le stagioni ſono con
              <lb/>
            ſiderate ne i compartimenti per accommodare le stanze ſecondo il uerno, l’eſtate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3877" xml:space="preserve">gli altri tempi, ma noi al ſuo luogo piu partitamente
              <lb/>
            ne parlaremo; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3878" xml:space="preserve">il reſto è facile nell’Autore.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3879" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3880" xml:space="preserve">Se le mura ſaranno preſſo al mare, il campo doue ſi deue fare il Foro, ſi deue eleggere appreſſo il porto; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3881" xml:space="preserve">la Città ſarà
              <lb/>
            fra terra nel mezzo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3882" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3883" xml:space="preserve">Laragione é perche nel Foro, che è luogo doue ſi uendono le coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3884" xml:space="preserve">doue ſi tiene ragione e commodo à i foreſtieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3885" xml:space="preserve">mercanti, che uengano di
              <lb/>
            parti lontane, eſſendo uicino al porto, quando la Città è preſſo il mare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3886" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando è fra terra il mezzo della Città é commodo per lo Foro,
              <lb/>
            perche il mezzo è propinquo à tutte le parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3887" xml:space="preserve">preſto prouede al biſogno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3888" xml:space="preserve">però Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3889" xml:space="preserve">ha detto in medio oppido, perche Oppidum, e detto
              <lb/>
            dal dare aiuto, che in latino ſi dice dare opem; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3890" xml:space="preserve">ò uero perche iui ſi portano le ricchezze, che da latini Opes dette ſono.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3891" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3892" xml:space="preserve">Ma per li Tempi Sacri di quelli Dei, nella tutela de i quali ſpecialmente è poſta la terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3893" xml:space="preserve">à Gioue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3894" xml:space="preserve">à Giunone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3895" xml:space="preserve">à
              <lb/>
            Minerua ſi danno i campi in altisſimi luoghi, da i quali la grandisſima parte della Città ſi poſſa unitamente uede-
              <lb/>
            re; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3896" xml:space="preserve">Ma à Mercurio nel Foro, ò uero ancho come ad Iſide, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3897" xml:space="preserve">Serapi nel fontico, ò mercato; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3898" xml:space="preserve">ad Apolline, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3899" xml:space="preserve">al Padre
              <lb/>
            Bacco preſſo al Theatro; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3900" xml:space="preserve">ad Hercole in quei luoghi doue non ſono Gimnaſi, ne Amphiteatri, appreſſo il Circo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3901" xml:space="preserve">A
              <lb/>
            Marte fuori della Città, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3902" xml:space="preserve">al campo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3903" xml:space="preserve">A Venere preſſo il porto; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3904" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3905" xml:space="preserve">queſto da i Toſcani aruſpici è ſtato ordinato; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3906" xml:space="preserve">cioè
              <lb/>
            che à Venere, Vulcano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3907" xml:space="preserve">à Marte, fatti ſiano i Tempi fuori delle mura, acciò che i piaceri di Venere, non prendi-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0045-03" xlink:href="note-0045-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            no piede nella città preſſo la giouentù, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3908" xml:space="preserve">le matri di famiglia; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3909" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3910" xml:space="preserve">che dalla forza di Vulcano tratta fuori della Città cõ
              <lb/>
            religione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3911" xml:space="preserve">ſacrifici, gli edifici parino eſſere dal timore de gli incendij liberati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3912" xml:space="preserve">Ma la diuinità di Marte eſſendo fuo-
              <lb/>
            ri della terra conſecrata, non ſarà tra i cittadini la diſſentione, che uiene all’arme, ma con quella diſeſa da i nimici con
              <lb/>
            ſeruerà quella da i pericoli delle battaglie; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3913" xml:space="preserve">ſimilmen te à Cerere ſi faranno i Tempi fuori della Città in luoghi doue
              <lb/>
            non ſi uada, ſe non per necesſità douendoſi con religione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3914" xml:space="preserve">con ſanti coſtumi queſto luogo caſtamente guardare;
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3915" xml:space="preserve">al reſtante de glialtri Dei biſogna ritrouar luoghi da fabricare, che ſiano conuenienti, guardando ſempre alle manie-
              <lb/>
            re de ſacriſici. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3916" xml:space="preserve">Ma del modo de fabricare i Tempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3917" xml:space="preserve">delle miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3918" xml:space="preserve">Simmetrie di quelli, nel. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3919" xml:space="preserve">iij. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3920" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3921" xml:space="preserve">nel. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3922" xml:space="preserve">iiij lib. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3923" xml:space="preserve">ne rende
              <lb/>
            rò le ragioni, perciò che mi è piaciuto prima determinare della copia della materia, che ſi deue nelle fabriche prepara
              <lb/>
            re, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3924" xml:space="preserve">eſponer la forza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3925" xml:space="preserve">l’uſo di eſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3926" xml:space="preserve">poi le miſure de gli edifici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3927" xml:space="preserve">gli ordini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3928" xml:space="preserve">le maniere partitamente di tutte
              <lb/>
            le Simmetrie trattare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3929" xml:space="preserve">in ciaſcuno de i ſeguenti libri eſplicare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3930" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3931" xml:space="preserve">Etragioneuolmente in uero prima della materia tratta Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3932" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3933" xml:space="preserve">poi della forma, per che prima poco è da dire della materia, come coſa, che la na-
              <lb/>
            tura ci recca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3934" xml:space="preserve">molto della forma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3935" xml:space="preserve">è giuſto sbrigarſene preſto; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3936" xml:space="preserve">da poi, perche una ſteſſa materia ſerue à diuerſe forme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3937" xml:space="preserve">maniere; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3938" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3939" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſimile uſanza tiene Ariſt. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3940" xml:space="preserve">ne i libri de i Principi naturali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3941" xml:space="preserve">qui ſia fine del primo libro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3942" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div114" type="section" level="1" n="11">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head10" xml:space="preserve">L’INDICE DEL PRIMO LIBR O DELLE FORTIFICATIONI
            <lb/>
          DEL SIGNOR GIANIACOPO LEONARDI
            <lb/>
          CONTE DE MONTELABATE.</head>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3943" xml:space="preserve">PRoemio.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3944" xml:space="preserve">La cagione perche tanti Imperi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3945" xml:space="preserve">luoghi murati,
              <lb/>
            ch’appò gli antichi erano, deſtrutti ſi trouano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3946" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3947" xml:space="preserve">Regole d’intorno, al fortiſicare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3948" xml:space="preserve">difendere un for
              <lb/>
            te, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3949" xml:space="preserve">ſono 81.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3950" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3951" xml:space="preserve">La fortificatione ci è stata moſtrata della natura, del
              <lb/>
            la quale gli antichi hebbero cognitione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3952" xml:space="preserve">buona.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3953" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3954" xml:space="preserve">La Fortificatione de Rom. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3955" xml:space="preserve">niente in difeſo haueua.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3956" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3957" xml:space="preserve">Che è ragioneuol credere, che detta ſortif. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3958" xml:space="preserve">de Rom. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3959" xml:space="preserve">haueſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3960" xml:space="preserve">ſpalle,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3961" xml:space="preserve">fianchi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3962" xml:space="preserve">piazze ſpatioſe, come, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3963" xml:space="preserve">meglio di quelle che habbia-
              <lb/>
            mo noi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3964" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3965" xml:space="preserve">Perche ſia, che all’età noſtra non ueggiamo molte fortificationi de gli
              <lb/>
            antichi del modo, che i Scrittori di ſopra le preſuppongono.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3966" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3967" xml:space="preserve">Quale conſideratione hebbero gli antichi nel fabricar le lor Città.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3968" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3969" xml:space="preserve">Che il peſo di diſegnare, di ſtabilire un luogo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3970" xml:space="preserve">una Città ſorte eſſer
              <lb/>
            deue tutto del Principe Caualiero, lo eſequire tutto dello ingegnero.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3971" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3972" xml:space="preserve">Se la Geometria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3973" xml:space="preserve">l’arti Mathematice neceſſarie ſiano al Principe
              <lb/>
            Caualiero, per ben ſaper ordinare una fortificatione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3974" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3975" xml:space="preserve">Prima, che ſi uenga alla fortificatione, eſſer neceſſario far ſcielta de
              <lb/>
            Soldati eſperimentati alla guerra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3976" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3977" xml:space="preserve">Sono le ſortiſicationi utili anco à quelli, che hanno ſorze grandi di po-
              <lb/>
            ter metter una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3978" xml:space="preserve">piu uolte eſſerciti in campagna.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3979" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3980" xml:space="preserve">Egli è neceſſario hauer cognitione delle uoci, e uocaboli, che uſiamo al-
              <lb/>
            la età noſtr a nelle fortificationi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3981" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3982" xml:space="preserve">Che ſia bene hauer notitia della Ethimologia delle uoci, è, uocaboli di-
              <lb/>
            ſopra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3983" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3984" xml:space="preserve">Che ė neceſſario nell’ordinar le fortiſicationi diſtinguer i tempi, ne i qua
              <lb/>
            li ſi trouano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3985" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3986" xml:space="preserve">Che tutti i tempi di ſopra ne ſuoi gradi hanno le regole loro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3987" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3988" xml:space="preserve">Che gli è bene ſapere in qu@nti modi ſi diſſenda un ſtato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3989" xml:space="preserve">coſi quante
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3990" xml:space="preserve">quali ſiano le diſſcſe di quello.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3991" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3992" xml:space="preserve">Quali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3993" xml:space="preserve">quante ſiano le diffcſe, che entro la fortiſicatione neceſſa-
              <lb/>
            rie ſono.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3994" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3995" xml:space="preserve">Quali ſono le principali conſider ationi nel fortificare un Regno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3996" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3997" xml:space="preserve">Se ſia bene hauer le terre tutte del Regno fortiſicate, ò meglio ſolamen-
              <lb/>
            te parte.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3998" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3999" xml:space="preserve">Che lo Stato de Signori Vinitiani piu che altro, che ſia hoggi potria
              <lb/>
            quaſi tutto reſtar ſorte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4000" xml:space="preserve">ageuolmente diſſeſo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4001" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4002" xml:space="preserve">Vn Principe pouero ſortiſicar deue, quel che ei conoſce poter diffendere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4003" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4004" xml:space="preserve">Quali ſiano la utilità, che trahemo dalle fortiſicationi de Stati.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4005" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4006" xml:space="preserve">Tre Principali ſono le conſiderationi che hauer ſi deono nella fortiſi-
              <lb/>
            catione, che ſia forte, che ſia con ſparagno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4007" xml:space="preserve">che ſi faccia in tempo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4008" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4009" xml:space="preserve">Come diſcorrer potiamo la ſpeſa, che nel ſortiſicar ſia neceſſaria.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4010" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4011" xml:space="preserve">Quel che ſia da riſoluere perche la ſortiſicatione da farſi posſi eſſere in
              <lb/>
            diſſeſa nel biſogno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4012" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4013" xml:space="preserve">Nelle ſortiſicationi che in eſſer trouamo, ò dobbiamo uſcir fuori del
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0045-07" xlink:href="note-0045-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            fatto, òſtar in quello, ò r eſtrignerci dentro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4014" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4015" xml:space="preserve">Colui che da principio al fortiſicar un Stato, un luogo ha da guardarſi
              <lb/>
            come ſe nel ſoſpetto della guerra ſuſſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4016" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4017" xml:space="preserve">L’huomo, il terreno, il muro, fanno la ſortezza.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4018" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4019" xml:space="preserve">Tre ſono le oſſeſe principali; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4020" xml:space="preserve">la Batteria, il Tagliamento che fa la ma-
              <lb/>
            no dell’huomo, è la ſcala.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4021" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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