Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div116" type="section" level="1" n="12">
          <pb o="41" file="0047" n="49" rhead="LIBRO SECONDO"/>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div117" type="section" level="1" n="13">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head12" xml:space="preserve">DELLA ARCHITETTVRA
            <lb/>
          DI M, VITRVVIO.</head>
          <figure number="19">
            <image file="0047-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0047-01"/>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div118" type="section" level="1" n="14">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head13" xml:space="preserve">PROEMIO.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4198" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">DInocrate</emph>
            Architetto confidatoſi nei ſuoi penſieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4199" xml:space="preserve">nella ſua ſolertia eſſen-
              <lb/>
            do Aleſſandro Signore del mondo, ſi partì di Macedonia per andare allo eſſercito
              <lb/>
            deſideroſo d’eſſer dalla maeſtà Regia commendato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4200" xml:space="preserve">Coſtui dalla patria partendoſi ot-
              <lb/>
            tenne da i parenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4201" xml:space="preserve">da gli amici lettere di fauore drizzate à i principali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4202" xml:space="preserve">potenti
              <lb/>
            della corte; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4203" xml:space="preserve">accioche per mezzo loro piu facilmente admeſſo fuſſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4204" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo adun-
              <lb/>
            que benignamente da quelli raccolto, chieſe loro; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4205" xml:space="preserve">che quanto prima lo conduceſſe-
              <lb/>
            ro ad Aleſſandro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4206" xml:space="preserve">Quegli hauendogli ciò promeſſo erano alquanto tardi aſpettando
              <lb/>
            il tempo commodo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4207" xml:space="preserve">Dinocrate penſando eſſer da quelli sbeffato, à ſe ſteſſo per aiu-
              <lb/>
            to riccorſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4208" xml:space="preserve">Era egli di grande ſtatura, di gratioſo a ſpetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4209" xml:space="preserve">di ſomma dignità è for-
              <lb/>
            ma; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4210" xml:space="preserve">fidatoſi adunque di queſte doti di natura depoſe nell’albergo le ueſti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4211" xml:space="preserve">di
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0047-01" xlink:href="note-0047-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            oglio tutto il corpo ſi unſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4212" xml:space="preserve">coperſe la ſiniſtra ſpalla di pelle di Leone, corona-
              <lb/>
            to di fronde di Poppio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4213" xml:space="preserve">tenendo nella deſtra la Claua, ſe ne andò uerſo il tribu-
              <lb/>
            nale del Re, che teneua ragione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4214" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo la nouità del ſatto riuolto à dietro già tutto il populo, Aleſſandro lo ui-
              <lb/>
            de, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4215" xml:space="preserve">marauiglian doſi commando, che gli ſuſſe dato luogo, accioche egli innanzi ſi faceſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4216" xml:space="preserve">dimandollo chi ſuſſe.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4217" xml:space="preserve">Egli diſſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4218" xml:space="preserve">Io ſon Dinocrate Architetto di Macedonia, che à te porto penſieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4219" xml:space="preserve">forme degne della tua chiarezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4220" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Percioche io ho formato il monte Atho in ſigura d’una ſtatua uirile, nella cui man ſiniſtra io ho diſſegnato le mura
              <lb/>
            d’una grandis ſima città, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4221" xml:space="preserve">nella deſtra un uaſo, che raccoglieſſe l’acqua di tutti i fiumi, che ſono in quel monte; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4222" xml:space="preserve">ac-
              <lb/>
            cioche da quel uaſo nel mare ſi ſpandeſſero. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4223" xml:space="preserve">Dilettato ſi Aleſſandro della ragione della forma, ſubito dimãdò ſe d’intor
              <lb/>
            no ui fuſſero campi, che di grano poteſſero à quella Città prouedere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4224" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo rittronato che non ci era altra uia, che
              <lb/>
            quella di oltra mare, diſſe, io conattentione riguardo al cõpimento di coſi bella forma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4225" xml:space="preserve">di eſſa mi diletto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4226" xml:space="preserve">Maio conſi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0047-02" xlink:href="note-0047-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            dero, che ſe alcuno uorrà in quel luogo uenir ad habitar, nõ ſia per poco giudicio biaſimato; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4227" xml:space="preserve">perche ſi come il fanciul-
              <lb/>
            lo hora nato non ſi puo ſenza il latte della notrice alleuarſi in creſcere, coſi la città ſenza poſſesſioni, òfrutti, che ui ſia-
              <lb/>
            no portati, non può ſoſtentarſi ne mantenerſi, crefcendo ſenza copia di uettouaglie, ne eſſer frequentata, ne ſi può il
              <lb/>
            populo ſenza abondanza de uiueri conſeruare; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4228" xml:space="preserve">perilche(ſi come io ſtimo)che ſi bel diſſegno merita lode, coſi giuddi-
              <lb/>
            co douer eſſer biaſimato il luogo, ma bene uoglio, che tu ſtia meco; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4229" xml:space="preserve">percioche io intendo di uſar l’opera tua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4230" xml:space="preserve">Dall’ho-
              <lb/>
            ra in poi Dinocrate non ſi ſcoſtò mai dal Re, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4231" xml:space="preserve">in Egitto lo ſeguitò iui hauendo ueduto Aleſſandro il porto per natu
              <lb/>
            ra ſicuro, lo egregio mercato, i campi d intorno à tutto lo Egitto abondanti di grano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4232" xml:space="preserve">le molte cõmodità del grã fiu
              <lb/>
            me del Nilo, cómandò, che iui dal ſuo nome Aleſſandria ſi fabricaſle; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4233" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4234" xml:space="preserve">per queſto Dinocrate dalla bellezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4235" xml:space="preserve">gratia
              <lb/>
            del ſuo aſpetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4236" xml:space="preserve">grandezza del corpo à quella nobiltà, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4237" xml:space="preserve">chiarezza peruenne. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4238" xml:space="preserve">Ma à me ò Imperatore la natura non
              <lb/>
            diede la grandezza della perſona, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4239" xml:space="preserve">la età mi hai deformato la faccia, la infermità leuato le forze, la doue eſſendo io
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0047-03" xlink:href="note-0047-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            da tali preſidij abbandonato, ſpero per mezzo della ſciẽza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4240" xml:space="preserve">de gli ſcritti à qualche grado dicõmendatione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4241" xml:space="preserve">gloria
              <lb/>
            peruenire. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4242" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo adunque io nel primo lib. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4243" xml:space="preserve">ſcritto dell’officio dello Architetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4244" xml:space="preserve">de i termini dell’Architettura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4245" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            appreſſo delle mura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4246" xml:space="preserve">delle diuiſioni de i piani, che ſono dentro le mura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4247" xml:space="preserve">ſeguitando l’ordine de i ſacri Tẽpi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4248" xml:space="preserve">dei
              <lb/>
            publici ediſicij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4249" xml:space="preserve">ancho de i priuati, có quai miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4250" xml:space="preserve">proportioni deono eſſer fatti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4251" xml:space="preserve">io nó ho penſato di porre queſte
              <lb/>
            coſe prima, che io ragionasſi della copia della materia, della qual ſi fanno le fabriche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4252" xml:space="preserve">cõ che ragione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4253" xml:space="preserve">che forza ella
              <lb/>
            habbia nell’uſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4254" xml:space="preserve">có che principij la natura delle coſe compoſte ſia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4255" xml:space="preserve">Ma prima, che io dia principio à dichiarire le coſe
              <lb/>
            naturali delle ragioni del fabricare, doue hanno hauuto origine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4256" xml:space="preserve">come per inuẽtione creſciute ſono, partitamente ra
              <lb/>
            gionerò, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4257" xml:space="preserve">ſeguitãdo eſporrò gl’ingres ſi dell’antica natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4258" xml:space="preserve">di quelli, che il principio del conſortio humano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4259" xml:space="preserve">le bel
              <lb/>
            le, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4260" xml:space="preserve">fondate inuentioni con gli ſcritti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4261" xml:space="preserve">regole dedicarono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4262" xml:space="preserve">però come io da esſi ſono ammaeſtrato, dimoſtrerò.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4263" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4264" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">TRatta</emph>
            Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4265" xml:space="preserve">nel ſeco ſecondo libro dell’ Architettura quale materia neceſſaria ſia allo Architetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4266" xml:space="preserve">come ſi ſcielga, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4267" xml:space="preserve">ſi
              <lb/>
            conoſca; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4268" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4269" xml:space="preserve">ci dimoſtra il modo di metterla inſieme, propone il ſuo procmio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4270" xml:space="preserve">inuero artificioſamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4271" xml:space="preserve">con ſommo giu
              <lb/>
            dicio, percioche hauendo nel primo libro ragionato ne i quattro ultimi capi di molte coſe pertinenti alla elettione de i luo-
              <lb/>
            ghi per fabricar la Città, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4272" xml:space="preserve">hauendo trattato delle muraglie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4273" xml:space="preserve">difeſe, del compartimento de i piam ſi per iſchiuare i no
              <lb/>
            ioſi uenti, come per diſtribuire ogni luogo con gratia e decoro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4274" xml:space="preserve">uolendo darci un ſegnalato precetto, ouero conſermar-
              <lb/>
            lo nell’ animo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4275" xml:space="preserve">nel penſiero dell’Architetto, benche pare, che ad altro fine lo dichi, ci dimostra con notabile eſſempio,
              <lb/>
            nel proemio del ſecondo libro, che ſopra tutte le coſe douemo conſiderare di ſabricare in luogo, che ci dia da uiuere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4276" xml:space="preserve">che ſuppliſca alle neceſ
              <lb/>
            ſità de i cittadini; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4277" xml:space="preserve">altrimenti non riguaràando à queſto, noi faremo le Città indarno; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4278" xml:space="preserve">percioche niuno ſi mouerebbe ad habitare, doue egli ſi mo
              <lb/>
            riſſe di fame; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4279" xml:space="preserve">come ſi uede per lo contrario, che per l’abondanza delle coſe i luoghi ſono frequentati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4280" xml:space="preserve">Leggeſi in Ariſtotele doue ſi tratta delle
              <lb/>
            coſe marauiglioſe del mondo, che i mercanti Carthagineſi trouarono nauigando fuori dello ſtretto di Hercole per molte giornate un’iſola non
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0047-05" xlink:href="note-0047-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            piu per lo adietro ſcoperta che era da fiere ſolamente haoitata, ma piena però di alberi marauig lioſi & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4281" xml:space="preserve">di grandisſimi fiumi, fertile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4282" xml:space="preserve">abon-
              <lb/>
            dante di ciò che puo naſcere, lontana molto dalla terra dell’ Affrica. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4283" xml:space="preserve">Quiui trouandoſi der temper atisſimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4284" xml:space="preserve">copia di tutti i frutti della terra,
              <lb/>
            cominciauano le genti abbandonare la propria città, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4285" xml:space="preserve">andare ad habitar que luoghi, per la qual coſa i Carthagineſi conſtretti furono à fare
              <lb/>
            uno editto, che ſotto pena d’eſſer ucciſo in quelle parti niuno piu nauigaſſe, che forſe erano quelle, che à giorni noſtri di nuouo ſono uerſo po-
              <lb/>
            nente ſtate ſcoperte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4286" xml:space="preserve">Et pero uedendo Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4287" xml:space="preserve">la importanza del uiuere ha uoluto nel proemio di nuouo farci auuertiti come in luogo ſegnato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4288" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            che prima uegni nella conſider atione de i lettori, come che egli uoglia dire; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4289" xml:space="preserve">prima, che io tratti d’ altre coſe ricorditi ò Architetto di prouedere
              <lb/>
            in luoghi fertili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4290" xml:space="preserve">abondanti alla uita de cittadini, come nel quinto capo del primo nel principio ueduto hauemo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4291" xml:space="preserve">Dinocrate Architetto.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4292" xml:space="preserve">Leggeſi Chirocrate coſi appreſſo Strabone, come appreſſo Eliano, ma i testi di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4293" xml:space="preserve">hanno Dinocrate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4294" xml:space="preserve">Delquale ne fa mentione Xenofonte
              <lb/>
            s’io non m’inganno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4295" xml:space="preserve">Penſamenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4296" xml:space="preserve">nella ſua ſolertia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4297" xml:space="preserve">Ha detto Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4298" xml:space="preserve">nel ſecondo cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4299" xml:space="preserve">del primo lib. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4300" xml:space="preserve">che le maniere della Diſpoſitione na-
              <lb/>
            ſceuano da Penſamento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4301" xml:space="preserve">da Inuentione, però qui dimostra Dinocrate eſſer stato buon Architetto, quando dice. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4302" xml:space="preserve">Penſam@@to, e ſolertia,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0047-06" xlink:href="note-0047-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            Come anche diſotto moſtra lo iſteſſo quando Dinocrate diſſe ad Aleßandro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4303" xml:space="preserve">Io ſono Dinocrate Architetto di Maɔedonia, ilquale à
              <lb/>
            te porto penſieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4304" xml:space="preserve">forme degne della tua ſplendidezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4305" xml:space="preserve">Perche dicendo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4306" xml:space="preserve">Penſieri & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4307" xml:space="preserve">forme, uuol dire fabrica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4308" xml:space="preserve">diſcorſo, la
              <lb/>
            coſa ſignificata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4309" xml:space="preserve">quella che ſignifica l’opera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4310" xml:space="preserve">la ragione dalle qual coſe naſce l’ Architettura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4311" xml:space="preserve">Io ho formato il monte Atho in ſigu
              <lb/>
            ra d’huomo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4312" xml:space="preserve">Voleua Dinocrate rappreſentare la figura di Aleſſ. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4313" xml:space="preserve">come ſi legge, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4314" xml:space="preserve">nella deſtra ſormargli uno capacisſimo alueo da riceuere
              <lb/>
            tutte le acque del monte Atho altis ſimo tra la Macedonia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4315" xml:space="preserve">la Thracia; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4316" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4317" xml:space="preserve">nella ſiniſtra uoleua fabricar una città capace di diecimila </s>
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