Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4592" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="44" file="0050" n="52" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            tru. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4593" xml:space="preserve">che diſcorreua, che da diuerſe cauſe uengono diuerſi effetti, Filoſoſando narral’opinion de gli antichi Filoſoſanti cercai principij mate
              <lb/>
            riali, cioè che entrano come parti à far le coſe di natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4594" xml:space="preserve">nel ſucceſſo applicherà poi le cauſe à gli effetti, come ci ſarà ſe-
              <lb/>
            guendo manifeſto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4595" xml:space="preserve"/>
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        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div132" type="section" level="1" n="16">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head15" xml:space="preserve">CAP. II. DE I PRINCIPII DELLE COSE
            <lb/>
          SECONDO I FILOSOFI.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4596" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">THales</emph>
            primieramente pensò, che l’acqua principio fuſſe di tutte le coſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4597" xml:space="preserve">Heraclito Efe-
              <lb/>
            ſio, che perla oſcurità de ſuoi detti Scotinòs era nominato, poſe il fuoco. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4598" xml:space="preserve">Democrito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4599" xml:space="preserve">l’Epicuro
              <lb/>
            di Democrito fautore, gli Atomi, che inſecabili da noſtri, ouero indiuidui corpi da alcuni chiama-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0050-01" xlink:href="note-0050-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            ti ſono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4600" xml:space="preserve">Ma la diſciplina de Pithagorici aggiunſe all’acqua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4601" xml:space="preserve">al fuoco, l’aera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4602" xml:space="preserve">la terra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4603" xml:space="preserve">Democri
              <lb/>
            to adunque auuegna, chele coſe à nome propio non chiamaſſe, ma ſolamente poneſſei corpi indi-
              <lb/>
            uiſibili, pureper queſtaragione pare, che egli poneſſe quelli iſtesſi principij; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4604" xml:space="preserve">perche eſſendo esſi
              <lb/>
            corpi ſeparati, prima, che concorrino inſieme alla generatione delle coſe, neſi raccogliono, ne poſſono mancare, ne
              <lb/>
            ſi diuidono, ma ſempiternamente rittengono in ſe perpetua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4605" xml:space="preserve">infinita ſodezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4606" xml:space="preserve">Quando adunque da queſti prin-
              <lb/>
            cipij inſieme conuenientemente compoſti tutte le coſe naſcere ſi ueda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4607" xml:space="preserve">eſſendo quelle coſe d’infinite maniere per
              <lb/>
            natura diſtinte, io ho penſato, che ſia neceſſario trattare delle uarietà, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4608" xml:space="preserve">differenze dell’uſo loro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4609" xml:space="preserve">dichiarire che
              <lb/>
            qualità habbiano negli edificij, accioche eſſendo conoſciute, quelli, iquali penſano di fabricare, non errino, ma appa-
              <lb/>
            recchino le coſe buone è fufficienti all’uſo del fabricare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4610" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4611" xml:space="preserve">Vitruuio eſpone in queſta parte le diuerſità delle oppinioni de gli antichi filoſofi ccrcai principij delle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4612" xml:space="preserve">intende (come ho detto,) i Prin-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0050-02" xlink:href="note-0050-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            cipij materiali, cioè quelli, che entrano nella compoſitione delle coſe, ne i quali finalmente ogni coſa ſi riſolue. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4613" xml:space="preserve">Dice che Thales uuole, che
              <lb/>
            del tutto foſſe l’acquaprincipio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4614" xml:space="preserve">Heraclito il fuoco. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4615" xml:space="preserve">Democrito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4616" xml:space="preserve">PEpicuro alcuni corpi da quelli Atominominati, i Pithagorici l’ac-
              <lb/>
            qua, ilfuoco, l’aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4617" xml:space="preserve">la terra uoluto hanno tra iprincipij numerare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4618" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4619" xml:space="preserve">non contende in questo luogo quale ſia ſtata migliore op-
              <lb/>
            pinione, maconſente à quella de Pithagorici, che abbracciaua tutti quattro glielementi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4620" xml:space="preserve">queſto piu chiaramente nel proemio dell’Otta-
              <lb/>
            uo libro ſi uede, doue ne dice laragione copioſamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4621" xml:space="preserve">con dignità della materia, pero chi non uuole aſpettar fino, che ſi peruenga à
              <lb/>
            quella parte, non gl’increſca uolgere alquante carte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4622" xml:space="preserve">ritrouare il propio luogo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4623" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche iui non ſi fa mentione di quello, che per
              <lb/>
            Atomi Democrito intendeua, io dichiaro breuemente la oppinione di quello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4624" xml:space="preserve">è coſa degna della cognitione dei Filoſofanti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4625" xml:space="preserve">Vedendo
              <lb/>
            adunque Democrito che tuttii corpi, che hanno parti diuerſe & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4626" xml:space="preserve">di nome, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4627" xml:space="preserve">di ragione, compoſti erano di purti, che in nome, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4628" xml:space="preserve">inra-
              <lb/>
            gione erano ſimiglianti, uolle che anche le parti dinome, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4629" xml:space="preserve">di natura ſimiglianti fatte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4630" xml:space="preserve">compoſte fuſſero dialcuni indiuiſibili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4631" xml:space="preserve">inſec-
              <lb/>
            cabili corpicelli, che Atomi ſi chiamauano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4632" xml:space="preserve">Per intelligenza di queſto mi ricordo hauer detto nel primo libro, cheil corpo humano haue-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0050-03" xlink:href="note-0050-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            ua alcune parti distinte di nome, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4633" xml:space="preserve">dinatura, come ſono i piedi, le mani, il capo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4634" xml:space="preserve">le altre parti, che ſono come ſtrumenti dell’anima.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4635" xml:space="preserve">Disſi, che ciaſcuna di quelle parti diuerſe era compoſta di particelle, che nel nome, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4636" xml:space="preserve">nella natura conueniuano, come ilſangue, l’oſſa, la
              <lb/>
            carne, perche del ſangue ogni parte èſangue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4637" xml:space="preserve">ſi chiama ſangue, dell’oſſo ogni parte èoſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4638" xml:space="preserve">oſſo è detta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4639" xml:space="preserve">Della carne ogni parte è car
              <lb/>
            ne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4640" xml:space="preserve">è carne nominata, ilſimile uedendo Democrito rittrouarſi in ogni corpo naturale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4641" xml:space="preserve">uolendo rittrouar iprincipij materiali di quel-
              <lb/>
            le parti, che nel nome, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4642" xml:space="preserve">nellaragione conueniuano, poſe infiniti principij materiali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4643" xml:space="preserve">quelli Atomi dimandaua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4644" xml:space="preserve">benche trouar
              <lb/>
            non ſi poſſa coſi picciola parte nel corpo, come corpo che ella è, che non ſi poſſa diuidere in altre parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4645" xml:space="preserve">quelle ſimilmente in altre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4646" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            coſi in infinito, niente di meno ilbuon Democrito tanto da Ariſtotile commendato, uoleua che infiniti corpicelli ſi trouaſſero, che per modo
              <lb/>
            alcuno non riceueſſero diuiſione, ma fuſſero indiuiſibili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4647" xml:space="preserve">impartibili. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4648" xml:space="preserve">Ma come egli queſto intendeſſe, accioche un tant’huomo non ſia
              <lb/>
            contraragione biaſimato, io dico che egli bene ſapeua, chela diuiſione deicorpi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4649" xml:space="preserve">delle parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4650" xml:space="preserve">delle particelle di quelli andaua in infi-
              <lb/>
            nito, ne ſi poteua queſta diuiſione posſibile intender altrimenti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4651" xml:space="preserve">ma dall’ altro canto egli bene conſiderando che i corpi naturali eſſer pote-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0050-04" xlink:href="note-0050-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            uano diuiſi in coſi minute parti, cheniuna di quelle poteſſe preſtar piul’officio ſuo, comes’egli ſi prendeſſe una minima parte di carne, che
              <lb/>
            non poteſſe far l’operatione della carne, però egli uolle, chei corpi naturali fuſſero compoſti di queſti corpicelli indiuiſibili, non in-
              <lb/>
            quanto corpi, ma in quanto corpinaturali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4652" xml:space="preserve">uolle, che queſti infiniti foſſero, cioè dinumero grandisſimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4653" xml:space="preserve">difigure diuerſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4654" xml:space="preserve">pe-
              <lb/>
            rò altri ritondi, altri piani, altri adunci, altridritti, altri rittorti, altri di quadrata figura, altri d’altra ſorma facendo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4655" xml:space="preserve">nel uacuo
              <lb/>
            del mondo diſpergendoli, uoleua che per la unione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4656" xml:space="preserve">per la ſeparatione di quelli fatta diuer ſamente ſi produceſſero le coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4657" xml:space="preserve">mancaſſe-
              <lb/>
            ro, come ci appare; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4658" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4659" xml:space="preserve">queſta era l’oppinione di Democrito, perlaquale ſi comprende, che egli uoluto habbia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4660" xml:space="preserve">creduto, che la natural fi-
              <lb/>
            gura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4661" xml:space="preserve">apparenza de i corpi ſia la forma loro ſoſtantiale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4662" xml:space="preserve">uera;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4663" xml:space="preserve">ilche in uero non è, perche la figura è accidente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4664" xml:space="preserve">non ſoſtanza del-
              <lb/>
            le coſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4665" xml:space="preserve">Pare che Vitruuio uoglia, che Democrito habbia hauuto l’oppinione de i Pithagorici, ſe bene egli non ha nominato terra, acqua,
              <lb/>
            aere, e fuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4666" xml:space="preserve">forſe per questa cauſa nell’ottauo libro non hafatto mentione diquesto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4667" xml:space="preserve">Madichiamo noi anchora alcuna coſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4668" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4669" xml:space="preserve">Quattro ſono i principή materiali di tutte le coſe (come uogliono gli antichi) che gli chiamarono primi corpi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4670" xml:space="preserve">queſti ſono terra, acqua, ae=
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0050-05" xlink:href="note-0050-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            re, fuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4671" xml:space="preserve">ſe pir oltra paſſar ſi uoleſſe, egli ſipotrebbe dire anche queſti eſſer compoſti d’altri principή, ma non ſi conuiene piu aden=
              <lb/>
            tro penetrare in queſto luogo, perche ſi tratta hora di que principή, le qualità de i quali fanno tutte le mutationi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4672" xml:space="preserve">gli effetti, che nelle co=
              <lb/>
            ſe ſi trouano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4673" xml:space="preserve">quelle qualit à eſſer deono maniſeſte, come il calore, l’humore, l freddo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4674" xml:space="preserve">il ſecco, che ſono à i quattro principή conue=
              <lb/>
            nienti, per quelle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4675" xml:space="preserve">in quelle ogni corpo ſi trammuta, come ne i ſequenti uerſi uerſi tolti delle noſtre Meteore per diletto dimoεtreremo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4676" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4677" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">Poi</emph>
            che da prima il mondo giouanetto
              <lb/>
            Moſtrò ſua bella faccia, che confuſa
              <lb/>
            Ogni forma teneua in un’aſpetto,</s>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4678" xml:space="preserve">Et la diuina mano aprio la chiuſa
              <lb/>
            A gli elementi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4679" xml:space="preserve">in gioconda uece
              <lb/>
            Fu ſua uirtute nelle coſe infuſa,</s>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4680" xml:space="preserve">Delle piaggie mondane anchora fece
              <lb/>
            L’ordine bello, e il uariato ſtile
              <lb/>
            A beneficio dell’bumana fpece.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4681" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4682" xml:space="preserve">Dalla terra Phumor, l’aura gentile
              <lb/>
            Dal ſoco ſcielſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4683" xml:space="preserve">a que corpi diede
              <lb/>
            Loco ſublime, à queſti baßo e humile,</s>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4684" xml:space="preserve">Et ſe l’un per diſtanza l’altro eccede,
              <lb/>
            Pur han uirtù tra lor conueniente,
              <lb/>
            Si che’l tutto, ch’èqui, d’indi proceded.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4685" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4686" xml:space="preserve">E tra lor ben ſi cangiano ſouente.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4687" xml:space="preserve">Et la terra nell’acqua riſluta
              <lb/>
            Rara diuenta, liquida, e corrente.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4688" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4689" xml:space="preserve">L’Humor la ſua grauezza anco riſiuta,
              <lb/>
            E s’aßttiglia in aer, e questi anchora.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4690" xml:space="preserve">In ſottilisſimo ſoco ſi trammuta.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4691" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4692" xml:space="preserve">In questo uariar non ſi dimora,
              <lb/>
            Ch’il fuoco ſcema la ſua leggierezza,
              <lb/>
            Et per la noua ſorma ſi ſcolora.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4693" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4694" xml:space="preserve">L’aer lubrico è graue à piu chiarezza
              <lb/>
            Si moue del liquor, che à maggior ponde
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0050-06" xlink:href="note-0050-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            Giugne la ſiccitate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4695" xml:space="preserve">la ſodezza.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4696" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4697" xml:space="preserve">Coſi natura uariando il mondo
              <lb/>
            Ripara d’un’in altra la ſemenza
              <lb/>
            Della coſe, che’l fan bello e gicondo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4698" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4699" xml:space="preserve">Onde’l morir non è ſe non ſtar ſenza
              <lb/>
            L eſſer di prima, e il naſcer coninciare
              <lb/>
            Altr’eſſer, altra forma, altr’apparenza;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4700" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4701" xml:space="preserve">Queſto continuato uariare
              <lb/>
            Dello ſtato mondano ordine tiene
              <lb/>
            Soggetto alle uirtù celeεti, e chiare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4702" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4703" xml:space="preserve">Ch’indi Peterno corſo lo mantiene
              <lb/>
            Lo tempra, e lo diſcerne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4704" xml:space="preserve">uariando
              <lb/>
            In pro di noi uiuenti lo rittiene.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4705" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4706" xml:space="preserve">Et la miſura d’ogni coſa e il quando.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4707" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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