Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div148" type="section" level="1" n="18">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4930" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="47" file="0053" n="55" rhead="SECONDO."/>
            do ſon poſte nell’opere, preſto ſi aſciugano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4931" xml:space="preserve">nelle coperti dei muri ſon buone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4932" xml:space="preserve">durabili, ſopportan le uolte, ma
              <lb/>
            biſogna cauarle di freſco, perche ſtando troppo allo ſcoperto dal Sole, dalla Luna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4933" xml:space="preserve">dalla prunina ſi riſſolueno in ter-
              <lb/>
            ra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4934" xml:space="preserve">doue poi poſte in opera non rittengon o i cementi, ma ſi ſtaccano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4935" xml:space="preserve">candono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4936" xml:space="preserve">i muri non ſoſtengonoi peſi, Ma
              <lb/>
            le arene, che di ſeſco ſi cauano hauendo tanta bontà nel murare, non ſono però utili nelle coperte de i muri, perche
              <lb/>
            la calce alla ſua graſſezza con la paglia meſcolata per la fortezza, che tiene, non puo ſenza fiſſure ſeccarli. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4937" xml:space="preserve">Ma que’la
              <lb/>
            de fiumi per la magrezza come l’aitreco, per eſſer bene con mazze battuta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4938" xml:space="preserve">impaſtata nelle coperte riceue fer-
              <lb/>
            mezza.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4939" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4940" xml:space="preserve">Vit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4941" xml:space="preserve">ce inſegna le ſorti dell’arena, i ſegni di conoſcerla, quello che in caſo di necesſità douemo fare, i diffetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4942" xml:space="preserve">l’utilità di quelle ſorti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4943" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4944" xml:space="preserve">il tutto
              <lb/>
            è quiſotto manifeſto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4945" xml:space="preserve">Plinio di questo luogo ſe ne ſerue al duodecimo capo del trenteſimo quinto libro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4946" xml:space="preserve">La ſoſtaza, della terra è in tre modi
              <lb/>
            uariata, la groſſa è detta arena, la ſottile Argilla, la mediocore commune, l’arona è ſterile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4947" xml:space="preserve">non è atta ad eſſer formatain alcun modo, l’argil-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0053-01" xlink:href="note-0053-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            la è buona, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4948" xml:space="preserve">per notrire l’berbe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4949" xml:space="preserve">per eſſer adoperata in molte ſorme era di queſta ſorte quella terra bianca gia detta Taſcon ium, dellaqua-
              <lb/>
            le in Hiſpagna ſopra gli altimonti ſi faceuano i luoghi alti delle guardie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4950" xml:space="preserve">à di noſtri (come riferiſce l’Agricola) è una torre di queſta terra
              <lb/>
            appreſſo una città di Saſſonia detta Coruerco, piu ſicura dal ſuoco, daiuenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4951" xml:space="preserve">dalle pioggie, che ſe ſuſſe ſatta di pietre, perche per la fua
              <lb/>
            grauità reſiſte all’impeto de iuenti, per lo ſuoco piu s’indura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4952" xml:space="preserve">non riceuendo l’bumore non ſi riempie d’acque, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4953" xml:space="preserve">però eſſer deue graſſa, ſot
              <lb/>
            tile, eſpeßa, ma tornamo all’Arena. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4954" xml:space="preserve">Trouaſi arena di caua queſta tiene il primo grado di bontà. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4955" xml:space="preserve">Trouaſi ancho arena di fiume ſotto il primo
              <lb/>
            ſuolo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4956" xml:space="preserve">di torrente ſotto la balza, oue l’acque ſcendono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4957" xml:space="preserve">Trouaſi ancho di mare, queſta per eſſer buona, biſogna che negrizzi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4958" xml:space="preserve">ſia come
              <lb/>
            uetro lucida. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4959" xml:space="preserve">I colori dell’arena ſono il nero, il branco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4960" xml:space="preserve">ilroſſo, la nera è aſſai buona, la biancha tra quelle dicaua e la peggiore, la roßa ſi
              <lb/>
            uſa à Roma, il carbuncino è terra arſa dal ſuoco ne i montirinchiuſo piu ſoda di terra non cotta piu molle del toſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4961" xml:space="preserve">piu commendabile,
              <lb/>
            L’arena con ghiara meſcolata e utile alle fondamenta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4962" xml:space="preserve">è piu commendata la pi minua, angulare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4963" xml:space="preserve">ſenza terra, Tra le marine arene la piu
              <lb/>
            groß, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4964" xml:space="preserve">la piu uicina alle riue è la migliore, preſto ſi ſecca quella del mare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4965" xml:space="preserve">preſto ſi bagna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4966" xml:space="preserve">ſi disfa per lo ſalſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4967" xml:space="preserve">non ſoſtenta il
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0053-02" xlink:href="note-0053-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            peſo, l’arena di fiume è buona per le intonicature, l’arena di caua à i uolti continuati, è pero graſſa, tenace, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4968" xml:space="preserve">ſi fende, Delle ſpecie di caua,
              <lb/>
            e nighlior quella che ſtride eſſendo ſtropicciata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4969" xml:space="preserve">che ſopra i bianchi panni non la ſcia macchia sdrucciolando giu, ò crollandoſi, la pozzolana
              <lb/>
            da mirabil fermezza alle opere, e ſpecialmente à gli edificij fatti nell’acque di queſta ne parler à vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4970" xml:space="preserve">qui ſotto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4971" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div151" type="section" level="1" n="19">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head18" xml:space="preserve">CAP. V. DELLA CALCE, ET DEL MODO
            <lb/>
          D’IMPASTARLA.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4972" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">HAvendosi</emph>
            chiaro quello, che appartiene alla copia dell’arena, biſogna, ancho uſar diligenza
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0053-03" xlink:href="note-0053-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            che la calce cotta ſia di pietra bianca, ouero di ſelice, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4973" xml:space="preserve">quella, che di piu ſpeſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4974" xml:space="preserve">dura pietra, e fat-
              <lb/>
            ta, piu utilmente ſi adopera nelle murature, ma quella che ſi fa di ſpugnoſa, buona ſi troua nelle in
              <lb/>
            tonicature. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4975" xml:space="preserve">Quando le calce ſerà eſtinta, allhora la materia in queſto modo ſi deue meſcolar,e che pi-
              <lb/>
            gliandoſi arena di caua tre parti di eſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4976" xml:space="preserve">una di calce ſi meſchia ſe di fiume, ò di mare due parti di
              <lb/>
            arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4977" xml:space="preserve">una di calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4978" xml:space="preserve">coſi giuſta uerrà la ragione della malta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4979" xml:space="preserve">della tempra ſua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4980" xml:space="preserve">ancho ſe
              <lb/>
            nell’arena di nume, ò di mare peſte ſeranno le ſpezzautre di teſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4981" xml:space="preserve">criuellati aggiunta la terza parte, farà la tempra
              <lb/>
            della materia migliore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4982" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche la calce riceuendo l’acqua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4983" xml:space="preserve">l’arena piu ſoda faccia la muratura, è ſtruttura; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4984" xml:space="preserve">que
              <lb/>
            ſta pare che ſia la ragione Perche i ſasſi à guiſa de glialtri copri ſono de gli elementi compoſti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4985" xml:space="preserve">quelli che nella
              <lb/>
            loro miſtura hanno più dello aerre ſono teneri, quelli che abondano d’acqua ſono lenti per l’humore, quelli, che han-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0053-04" xlink:href="note-0053-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            no piu della terra ſono duri, quelli oue predomina il fuoco ſono fragili. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4986" xml:space="preserve">Et però di queſti corpi ſei ſasſi prima, che ſia
              <lb/>
            no cotti peſtati minutamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4987" xml:space="preserve">con l’arena meſcolati ſeranno adoperati, ne ſi faranno ſodi, ne potaranno tenere
              <lb/>
            unita la fabrica. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4988" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando nella fornace preſi del gran feruore del fuoco perduoto, haueranno la uirtù della loro
              <lb/>
            ſodezza, allhora abbrucciate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4989" xml:space="preserve">conſumate le forze loro reſtano con bucchi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4990" xml:space="preserve">fori aperti: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4991" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4992" xml:space="preserve">uoti il liquore adun-
              <lb/>
            que, che è nel corpo di quella pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4993" xml:space="preserve">lo aere eſſendo conſumato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4994" xml:space="preserve">leuato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4995" xml:space="preserve">hauendo il reſto del calore in ſe na-
              <lb/>
            ſcoſo poſto, che è nellacqua, prima che il fuoco eſca fuori, ricouera la forza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4996" xml:space="preserve">penetrando l’humore nella rarità de
              <lb/>
            i Fori bolle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4997" xml:space="preserve">coſi raffreddato manda fuori del corpo della calce il feruore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4998" xml:space="preserve">però i ſasſi tratti dalla fornace, non ri-
              <lb/>
            ſpondeno alloro primo peſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4999" xml:space="preserve">benche habbiano la iſteſſa grandezza, pure quaſi della terza parte del peſo mancar
              <lb/>
            fi trouano, poi che è aſciutto il liquore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5000" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo adunque i bucchi loro aperti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5001" xml:space="preserve">rari pigliano la meſcolanza dell’a-
              <lb/>
            rena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5002" xml:space="preserve">ſi accompagnano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5003" xml:space="preserve">ſeccandoſi con le pietre ſi raunano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5004" xml:space="preserve">ferma fanno la muratura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5005" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5006" xml:space="preserve">Della calce ſi tratta nel preſente luogo, la natura è materia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5007" xml:space="preserve">la comparatione della materia, di che ſi ſa la calce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5008" xml:space="preserve">Ogni pietra da humori pur-
              <lb/>
            gata ſecca, fracle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5009" xml:space="preserve">che non habbia coſa da eſſer conſumata dal fuoco è buona per far la calce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5010" xml:space="preserve">Gliarchitetti antichi lodauano la calce ſatta
              <lb/>
            di pietra durisſima, ſpeſſa è candiada, noifacemo ottima calce de i cuocoli della Piaue. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5011" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5012" xml:space="preserve">lodò la ſelice, benche altri dica che ogni pietra ca-
              <lb/>
            uata per ſar la calce ſia della raccolta migliore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5013" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5014" xml:space="preserve">diombroſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5015" xml:space="preserve">humida caua piu toſto, che di ſecca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5016" xml:space="preserve">di bianca meglio ſi adopera,
              <lb/>
            che di bruna. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5017" xml:space="preserve">Quella calce, che è fatta di pietre da macinare è di natura graſſa ſe non ha ſale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5018" xml:space="preserve">è piu ammaßata, erotta con lima getta pol-
              <lb/>
            ue. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5019" xml:space="preserve">Cuoceſi in hore ſeßanta la pietra di che ſi ſa la calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5020" xml:space="preserve">la piu lodata deure reſtar il terzo piu leggiera della ſua pietra, ma è coſa mirabile
              <lb/>
            del bollimento che ella ſa quando è cotta gettandoſele dell’acqua ſopra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5021" xml:space="preserve">Leggeſi in Santo Agoſtino al quarto capo del uenteſimo primo libro
              <lb/>
            della Città di Dio, questo bello ſentimento. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5022" xml:space="preserve">La calce concepe il ſuoco dal ſuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5023" xml:space="preserve">eßendo la zolla fredda immerſa nell’acqua ſerua il
              <lb/>
            fuoco naſcoſo dimodo, che egli à niun ſenſo e maniſeſto, ma però ſi ha per iſperienza, che ſe bene il fuoco non appare ſi ſa che egli ui
              <lb/>
            è dentro, per il che chiamiamo quella calce uiua, come, che il fuoco naſcoſo ſia l’anima inuiſibile di quel corpo uiſibile, ma quanto è
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0053-06" xlink:href="note-0053-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            mirabile che mentre ella ſi eſtingue, piu ſi accenda? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5024" xml:space="preserve">&</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5025" xml:space="preserve">per leuarle il fuoco occulto ſi le inſonde l’acqua? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5026" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5027" xml:space="preserve">eßendo prima fredda indi boglie,
              <lb/>
            di doue tutte le coſe boglienti ſi raffreddano, pare adunque che quella zolla eſpire, mentre appare il fuoco, che ſi parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5028" xml:space="preserve">finalmente è
              <lb/>
            come morta, in modo che gettatoui di nouo l’acqua, ella piu non arde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5029" xml:space="preserve">quella calce, che prima era chiamata uiua, poieſtinta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5030" xml:space="preserve">morta
              <lb/>
            ſi chiama, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5031" xml:space="preserve">di piu ſi ha, che la calce non boglie ſe ui ſer à infuſo l’glio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5032" xml:space="preserve">Dico adunque, che il calore, che la calce acquiſta nella fornace rin-
              <lb/>
            chiuſo in eßa ſi restrigne fuggendo dal freddo dell’acqua, come da ſuo nimico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5033" xml:space="preserve">per tale unione ſi rinforza, e diuenta ſuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5034" xml:space="preserve">però l’ac-
              <lb/>
            qua accende la calce che coſi non accende la cenere, perche nella cenere ſi conſuma il calore, però la calce tratta di fornace dal ſuoco purga-
              <lb/>
            ta ſonora, e leggiera, e lodata, e masſimamente ſe bagnata con ſtrepito euapora, ma con questa piu ſpeßa diuenta con ſabbia angulare, piu
              <lb/>
            tenace con la terza parte di teſtole peſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5035" xml:space="preserve">bene incorporate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5036" xml:space="preserve">ben battute, ma noi paßamo à Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5037" xml:space="preserve">che ci propone la merquiglioſa natu-
              <lb/>
            ra della polue detta Pozzolana, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5038" xml:space="preserve">dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5039" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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