Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5293" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="50" file="0056" n="58" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5294" xml:space="preserve">le Cõmiſſure diſciolte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5295" xml:space="preserve">fiſunite, ma gli Incerti ſedendo i cimenti l’uno ſopra l’altro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5296" xml:space="preserve">tra ſe poſti in modo d’im-
              <lb/>
            brici, ehe uno tocca due anguli, e ſi tocca inſieme col’altro, non bella come la reticulata, ma ſi bene piu ferma fanno
              <lb/>
            la ligatura del muro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5297" xml:space="preserve">Vero ẽ che l’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5298" xml:space="preserve">l’altra maniera di minutisſime coſe deue eſſer impaſtata, accioche per la
              <lb/>
            materia di calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5299" xml:space="preserve">d’Arena ſpeſſa i Pareti ſatiati inſieme ſtiano longamente perche eſſendo di molle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5300" xml:space="preserve">rara meſco-
              <lb/>
            lanza aſciugano il ſucco della materia tirato, ma quando la copia della calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5301" xml:space="preserve">dell’arena ſoprabondera, il Parete,
              <lb/>
            che hauerà preſo aſſai dell’humore non coſi preſto ſi farà uano, ma ſi contenera inſieme. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5302" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando la forza humi-
              <lb/>
            da per la rarità dei cementi ſarà dalla materia diſeccata, etratta fuori, alhora la calce dall’arena ſtaccandoſi, ſi diſcio-
              <lb/>
            gliera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5303" xml:space="preserve">coſi i cementi non ſi potranno con queſti accompagnare, ma col tempo faranno i Pareti ruinoſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5304" xml:space="preserve">Et que-
              <lb/>
            ſto ſi può comprendere da alcuni monumenti iquali d’intorno à Roma, ſono di Marmi, ò uerò di pietre quadrate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5305" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            di dentro nel mezzo calcati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5306" xml:space="preserve">empiuti, la materia uana, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5307" xml:space="preserve">uota per la uecchiezza diuenuta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5308" xml:space="preserve">aſciutta di fuori la ra-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0056-01" xlink:href="note-0056-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            rita de i Cementi rouinano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5309" xml:space="preserve">diſciolte dalla pruina, e ghiacci le Cõmiſſure de i congiugnimenti ſi disſipano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5310" xml:space="preserve">Et ſe al-
              <lb/>
            cuno non uorra incorrere in queſto uitio biſogna, che egli faccia i Pareti di due piedi laſciando il mezzo concauo ap
              <lb/>
            preſſo i corſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5311" xml:space="preserve">gli ordini dritti come Pilaſtrelli dalla parte di dẽtro di Saſſo roſſo quadrato, à uero di terra cotta oue
              <lb/>
            ro di Selici ordinarij & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5312" xml:space="preserve">con i granchi di ferro, ò cõ piombo leghi le Fronti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5313" xml:space="preserve">à queſto modo non ſottoſopra ma ordi
              <lb/>
            natamente fatta l’opera potrà ſenza diffetto eternamente durare, perche i letti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5314" xml:space="preserve">le legature di quelli tra ſe giacen-
              <lb/>
            ti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5315" xml:space="preserve">con le chiaui ligati non ſpigneranno l’opera, ne laſcieranno, i. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5316" xml:space="preserve">Philaſtrelli tra ſelegati in altra parete piegare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5317" xml:space="preserve">Et
              <lb/>
            però non ſi deue ſprezzare la Fabrica dei Greci: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5318" xml:space="preserve">perche ſi benenon la uſano polita di tenero Cemento, pure quando
              <lb/>
            ſi partino dal Fabricare di quadrata Pietra, fanno la ordinaria di Selice, ò di dura Pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5319" xml:space="preserve">coſi come fuſſero di Mat-
              <lb/>
            toni legano con doppi corſi i loro conſtregnimenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5320" xml:space="preserve">coſi fanno fermisſime l’opere loro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5321" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5322" xml:space="preserve">Eglie neceſſario in queſto luogo eſponere alcuni uocaboli uſati da Vitr perche piu facilmente s’intenda quello, che egli ce inſegna. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5323" xml:space="preserve">Et prima Ce
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0056-02" xlink:href="note-0056-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            mento è Pietra rozza, non tagliata, uulgare ſenza terminata forma, ogni diper Roma ne uanno i giumenti carichi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5324" xml:space="preserve">in terra di Laurora det
              <lb/>
            ta Campagna rittiene il nome. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5325" xml:space="preserve">Reticulato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5326" xml:space="preserve">incerto, queſti ſon due modi di poner a ſilo, õ uero inſieme i corſi delle Pietre. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5327" xml:space="preserve">Il Reticulato è
              <lb/>
            coſi detto perche à guiſa di rete dimostra la diuiſione da una Pietra all’altra nel murare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5328" xml:space="preserve">queſto non ſi può ſare ſe almeno una facciata
              <lb/>
            della Pietra non è quadrata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5329" xml:space="preserve">polita. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5330" xml:space="preserve">Biſogna ancho che ſtiano in modo, che gli angoli ſi tocchino, come qui ſotto per la figura ſi dimoſtra.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5331" xml:space="preserve">L’incerto è quello, che ſi ſa di Pietre di diuerſe figure à caſo poste, perche quello, che ſi dice laucrar à caſſa, e quello che di ſotto è detto em-
              <lb/>
            plecton. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5332" xml:space="preserve">La correttione dello incerto accio fia ſicuro, dritto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5333" xml:space="preserve">forte, ſi ſa come per figura latroue è dimoſtrato, imperoche è neceſſario legar
              <lb/>
            ambe le ſronti una con l’altra con attrauerſata muratura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5334" xml:space="preserve">empire il uano con pietre meſcolate con molta calce.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5335" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <figure number="21">
            <description xml:id="echoid-description26" xml:space="preserve">Renculato
              <lb/>
            iucerto</description>
          </figure>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5336" xml:space="preserve">Ma noi ſeguiteremo il propoſito noſtro di prima, che hauendo detto diſo-
              <lb/>
            pra quante ſiano le parti del muro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5337" xml:space="preserve">quale ſia ciaſcuna di eſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5338" xml:space="preserve">le ma-
              <lb/>
            niere del murare, giusta coſa, et ragioneuole ci pare, dire il biRogno che ha
              <lb/>
            ciaſcuna parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5339" xml:space="preserve">qui è buono reccarſi à mente quello, che di ſopradicemo
              <lb/>
            della forma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5340" xml:space="preserve">quantità delle Pietre, accioche uſando noi i propij uoca-
              <lb/>
            boli delle coſe, ſiamo inteſi da ognuno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5341" xml:space="preserve">Sono adunque le Pietre quadra-
              <lb/>
            te, incerte, grãdi, giuste, minute, dico adunque, che ordinareie murature ſo-
              <lb/>
            no quelle doue le Pietre quadrate, le giuſte, o le grandi, ſi pongono inſieme
              <lb/>
            ordinatamente, à ſquadra, piombo, e liuello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5342" xml:space="preserve">che queſta ſia l’ordinaria
              <lb/>
            Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5343" xml:space="preserve">lo accenna quando dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5344" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5345" xml:space="preserve">Et però non ſi deue ſpreggiare la Fabrica de Gteci ſe benenon
              <lb/>
            l'uſano polita di tenero cemento, pure quando ſi partino dal
              <lb/>
            Fabricaredi quadrata Pietra fanno di Selice, ò di dura Pie-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0056-03" xlink:href="note-0056-03a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            tra l’Ordinaria.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5346" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5347" xml:space="preserve">Laquale è mezzana tra la incerta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5348" xml:space="preserve">quella, che ſi fa di quadrata pietra.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5349" xml:space="preserve">La Regola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5350" xml:space="preserve">quuertimento, che ſi deue hauere nelle maniere del mu-
              <lb/>
            rare, è che deono eſſer accommodate à diuerſe parti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5351" xml:space="preserve">Il poggio, che for-
              <lb/>
            ſe Stereobata da Vitruuio è detto, che è quella parte fatta in ſcarpa, che
              <lb/>
            ſi leua dal fondamento della Fabrica hauer deue l’incroſtatura di quadra-
              <lb/>
            ta Pietra, grande, e dura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5352" xml:space="preserve">Accio ſia diffeſo da molte offeſe, che à quel-
              <lb/>
            la parte nuocer poſſono, però in queſta parte il muro ha di piu ſodezzai
              <lb/>
            biſogno, come parte, che ha della natura del fondamanto, che ſoſtenga tut-
              <lb/>
            to il carico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5353" xml:space="preserve">che piu uicina ſia alla humidità del terreno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5354" xml:space="preserve">in Vine-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0056-04" xlink:href="note-0056-04a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            gia ſpecialmente ſi deue oſſeruare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5355" xml:space="preserve">ſi oſſerua ancho nelle caſe ben fatte,
              <lb/>
            da questo piede alle Fabriche, del qual dice Catone. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5356" xml:space="preserve">Leuerai da terra
              <lb/>
            la Fabrica con ſoda pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5357" xml:space="preserve">calce per un piede, l’altre parti con cru-
              <lb/>
            do mattone potrai ſormare; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5358" xml:space="preserve">ma in Vingia queſta parte è piu leuata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5359" xml:space="preserve">ha del grande, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5360" xml:space="preserve">del ſodo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5361" xml:space="preserve">arriua finà cinque eſei piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5362" xml:space="preserve">ſopra
              <lb/>
            di eſſa è il cordone di forma ritonda ò uero in forma di faſcia, che ſporta in fuori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5363" xml:space="preserve">Trai procinti s’interpongono alcune legature di pietre mag-
              <lb/>
            giori, lequali ſono come concatenationi dell’oſſa con l’oſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5364" xml:space="preserve">della croſte, the ſono nella parte di dentro, con quclle, che ſono di fuori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5365" xml:space="preserve">pero qui
              <lb/>
            lunghe, larghe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5366" xml:space="preserve">ſode pietre ſi richiedono, fannoſi ancho altri procinti, per legar le cantona, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5367" xml:space="preserve">tener l’opera inſieme, ma piu rari, deono
              <lb/>
            quelli primi à piombo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5368" xml:space="preserve">à ſquadra dentro, è di fuori col muro conuenire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5369" xml:space="preserve">queſti che ſono maggiori, come corone ò gocciolatoi ſportare,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5370" xml:space="preserve">cõ gli ordini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5371" xml:space="preserve">corſi eſſer bene legati in modo, che come ſoprapoſto Pauimento la Fabrica di ſotto benef ſi ricopra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5372" xml:space="preserve">Siano nelle murature le
              <lb/>
            pietre un’all’altra ſoprapoſte in modo, che la commiſſura di due di ſoprapoſte ſia nel mezzo della pietra di ſotto, è questo ſpecialmente nei pro-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0056-05" xlink:href="note-0056-05a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            cinti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5373" xml:space="preserve">nelle legature, Nelle opere reticulate gli antichi tir auano il legamento di cinque Mattoni ò almento di tre, che ò uero tutti ò uero in un’
              <lb/>
            ordine almeno era di Pietre nõ piu groſſe che l’altre, ma piu lunghe, et piu larghe, Ma nelle opere ordinareie per ogni cinque piedi, è ſtato a baſtã
              <lb/>
            zaun Mattone di due piedi per legatura però fabricando con pietre maggiori piu raro legamẽto biſogna, et è quaſi à ſufficiẽza la corona ſola,
              <lb/>
            laqual deue eſſer fatta cõ ſomma diligenza, et di ſerme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5374" xml:space="preserve">larghe pietre ordinareie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5375" xml:space="preserve">quiſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5376" xml:space="preserve">ne Pareti di crudi Mattoni la corona eſſer deue
              <lb/>
            diterra cotta, accio ſia diffeſa dalla pioggia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5377" xml:space="preserve">alleggiamento del carico. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5378" xml:space="preserve">Deueſi auuertire, che il marmo rifiuta la calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5379" xml:space="preserve">ſi macchia fa-
              <lb/>
            cilmente, la doue gli antichi quanto meno poteuano adoprauano i Marmi con la calce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5380" xml:space="preserve">Dell’oſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5381" xml:space="preserve">de ſoſtegni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5382" xml:space="preserve">delle apriture ſi dira dapoi.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5383" xml:space="preserve">I compimenti trappoſti ſono tra l’oßa, la apriture, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5384" xml:space="preserve">l’altre parti, ne i quali ſono da conſider are le imboccature, i riempimenti, Pintonicature
              <lb/>
            tanto di dentro, quanto di fuori, perilche ſi uede eſſer differenza tral’oſſa, e i compimenti, percioche nell’oßa grandi, ſode, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5385" xml:space="preserve">ordinate pie-
              <lb/>
            tre ſi pongono, ne i compimenti minute rotte, ſpezzate, meno ordinarie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5386" xml:space="preserve">à caſo; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5387" xml:space="preserve">ma bene con molta calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5388" xml:space="preserve">arena. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5389" xml:space="preserve">Vero è che perfect-
              <lb/>
            to ſarebbe l’ediſicio del muro, che tutto fuſſe di quadrate pietre, ma eſſendo di troppo ſpeſa biſogna tra l’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5390" xml:space="preserve">l’altra ſcorza poner alcune
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0056-06" xlink:href="note-0056-06a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            pietre ordinarie attrauerſate nel muro per unir la ſcorza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5391" xml:space="preserve">Vſarono ibuoni madeſtri empire tra la ſponde non piu di piedi cingque tra ogni or-
              <lb/>
            dine, accioche la Fabrica quaſi con nerui, e legature reſtretta fuſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5392" xml:space="preserve">che ſe nel mezzo le pietre calaſſero il rejtante non ſeguitaſſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5393" xml:space="preserve">Empirasſi
              <lb/>
            bene ogni luogo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5394" xml:space="preserve">non piu di’una libra maggiori ſi mettino le pietre nel mezzo per empire, perche le pietre minute meglio s’uniſcono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5395" xml:space="preserve">Nelle
              <lb/>
            intonicature di fuori poner ai le pietre migliori eſpoſte in fuori à gli impeti de i uenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5396" xml:space="preserve">delle acque lontane da i cadimenti delle grondi, et non
              <lb/>
            ui poner Pietre di grandezze, ò peſi diſeguali, mariſpõdino le parti deſtre alle ſiniſtre, et le rimote alle uicine ſeguendo gli ordini incominciati.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5397" xml:space="preserve">Mai’intonicatura di dentro ſia di Pietra piu dolce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5398" xml:space="preserve">ſeruiſi laregola, che ſi dirà nel Settimo Libro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5399" xml:space="preserve">Il muro fatto con crudi </s>
          </p>
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    </echo>
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