Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5628" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="54" file="0060" n="62" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            deroſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5629" xml:space="preserve">però del ſuo rigor naturale contento, non coſi preſto ſi piega per lo peſo, ma ſempre dritto rimane nelle
              <lb/>
            trauature: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5630" xml:space="preserve">ma perche ha in ſe piu di calore produce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5631" xml:space="preserve">notriſce il tarlo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5632" xml:space="preserve">da quello è guaſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5633" xml:space="preserve">anco percio, preſto
              <lb/>
            ſiaccende, perche la rarita dello aere, che è in quel corpo aperto, riceue il fuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5634" xml:space="preserve">coſi ne manda fuori la gran fiam-
              <lb/>
            ma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5635" xml:space="preserve">quella parte di eſſo, che è alla terra uicina, prima, che tagliata ſia, riceuendo per la uicinanza l’humore, ſenza
              <lb/>
            nodo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5636" xml:space="preserve">humida ſi rende, ma quella, che è di ſopra uerſo la cima per la uehemenza del calore mandando in aere i
              <lb/>
            rami fuori dei nodi ſuoi tagliata alto da terra piedi uenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5637" xml:space="preserve">polita per la durezza de i nodi ſuoi, è chiamata fuſterna,
              <lb/>
            ma la parte inferiore, quando tagliata per le quattro uene aperta la doue eſce l’humore laſciatoui fuori il torlo dallo
              <lb/>
            ſteſſo albero ſi uſa nelle opere fatte di legno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5638" xml:space="preserve">è detta Sappinea. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5639" xml:space="preserve">Ma per lo contrario la Quercia abundando di ter-
              <lb/>
            ra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5640" xml:space="preserve">hauendo poco di aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5641" xml:space="preserve">di fuoco poſta nelle opere terrene piglia una perpetua ſtabilità, perche quando è
              <lb/>
            toccata dall’humore, non hauendo forami per eſſer ſpeſſa, meno puo nel ſuo corpo admetter l’humore, ma da quel-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0060-01" xlink:href="note-0060-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            lo fuggendo reſiſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5642" xml:space="preserve">ſi torce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5643" xml:space="preserve">ſa le fiſſure. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5644" xml:space="preserve">Ma lo Eſcolo per eſſer in tutti i ſuoi principij temperato, e molto utile
              <lb/>
            nelle fabriche, ma poſto nell’humore riceuendo quello per li meati, e ſcacciando lo aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5645" xml:space="preserve">il fuoco per l’operatione
              <lb/>
            dell’humida forza ſi ſuol uitiare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5646" xml:space="preserve">Il Cerro, il Souero, il Fago, perche hanno pari meſcolanza di fuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5647" xml:space="preserve">di terra,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5648" xml:space="preserve">molto dello aere, paſſando l’humore per la ſua rarita per entro di esſi, preſto ammarciſcono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5649" xml:space="preserve">Il Poppio bianco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5650" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            nero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5651" xml:space="preserve">la Salce, la Tiglia, il Vitice ſatieuolmente di fuoco, d’aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5652" xml:space="preserve">di humore temperati hauendo poco del terre-
              <lb/>
            no di leggieri tempera compoſti hanno nell’uſo loro una mirabile rigidezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5653" xml:space="preserve">Non eſſendo adunque duri per la me
              <lb/>
            ſcolanza della terra ſono bianchi per la rarità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5654" xml:space="preserve">facilmente poſſono eſſer intagliati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5655" xml:space="preserve">Lo Alno, che naſce uicino alle
              <lb/>
            riue de i fiumi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5656" xml:space="preserve">non pare utile a coſa alcuna, tiene in ſe bellisſime ragioni, perche è aſſai temperato di aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5657" xml:space="preserve">di
              <lb/>
            fuoco, non molto di terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5658" xml:space="preserve">poco di humore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5659" xml:space="preserve">però perche non ha troppo humore ne i luoghi paluſtri, per le fon
              <lb/>
            damenta delle fabriche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5660" xml:space="preserve">conficcato ſpeſſo nelle pallificate riceuendo in eſſo quel liquore, del qual per ſua natura
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0060-02" xlink:href="note-0060-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            è biſogneuole, dura eternamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5661" xml:space="preserve">ſoſtenta grandisſimi peſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5662" xml:space="preserve">ſenza diffetto ſi conſerua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5663" xml:space="preserve">coſi quello, che non
              <lb/>
            può per molto ſpacio ſopra terra durare, poſto in acqua ſi conſerua eternamente. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5664" xml:space="preserve">Queſto, che io dico Rauenna ci
              <lb/>
            dimoſtra doue tutte l’opere publiche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5665" xml:space="preserve">priuate ſotto le fondamenta hanno le pallificate di queſto legno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5666" xml:space="preserve">l’Olmo,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5667" xml:space="preserve">il Frasſino abbondano in humore, poco hanno dell’aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5668" xml:space="preserve">del fuoco, ma della terra temperatamente, ſi piegano
              <lb/>
            in lauoro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5669" xml:space="preserve">non hanno per l’abbondanza dell’humore ſotto il peſo durezza, ma preſto ſi torcono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5670" xml:space="preserve">ſubito che ſo
              <lb/>
            no per la uecchiezza aridi diuenuti, ò nel tempo tagliati, manca il liquore che in esſi era prima, mentre, che in terra
              <lb/>
            giaceno la doue piu ſodi ſi fanno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5671" xml:space="preserve">nelle commiſſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5672" xml:space="preserve">ne gli incaſtri per la loro lentezza riceueno ferme inchia
              <lb/>
            uature. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5673" xml:space="preserve">Simelmente il Carpino, perche è fatto di poca meſcolanza del fuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5674" xml:space="preserve">della terra, ma di molto dello aere,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5675" xml:space="preserve">dell’acqua, non è fragile ma ſi può in ogni uerſo con grande utilità riuolgere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5676" xml:space="preserve">trattare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5677" xml:space="preserve">però i Greci, che di
              <lb/>
            quella materia fanno 1 gioghi a i buoi, perche dicono i gioghi ziga, quella, materia Zigia ſogliono nominare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5678" xml:space="preserve">E la na-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0060-03" xlink:href="note-0060-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            tura del Cipreſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5679" xml:space="preserve">del Pino merauiglioſa, perche hauendo il Cipreſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5680" xml:space="preserve">il Pino abbondanza d’humore, ma eguale
              <lb/>
            miſtura de gli altri principij per la ſatieta dell’humore ſi ſpaccano, ma nella uecchiezza ſenza diffetto ſi cõfermano,
              <lb/>
            perche il liquore, che è dẽtro quei corpi è di amaro ſapore, che per l’agrezza non laſcia entrare itarli, ò uero altri no-
              <lb/>
            ciui animaletti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5681" xml:space="preserve">però le opere fatte di queſto durano ſempre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5682" xml:space="preserve">coſi il Cedro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5683" xml:space="preserve">il Ginepro hanno le iſteſſe uirtu,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5684" xml:space="preserve">utilita. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5685" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſi come dal Cipreſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5686" xml:space="preserve">dal Pino uiene la Reſina, che noi Raſa chiamiamo, coſi dal Cedro naſce l’Oglio
              <lb/>
            detto Cedrino, delquale quando le altre coſe unte ſono, come anche i Libri, ne tarli, ne carie ſentono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5687" xml:space="preserve">Gli alberi di
              <lb/>
            queſta ſpecie ſono ſimiglianti alla fogliatura de Cipresſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5688" xml:space="preserve">di quella materia la uena e dritta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5689" xml:space="preserve">In Efeſo nel Tem-
              <lb/>
            pio è la ſtatua di Diana, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5690" xml:space="preserve">la trauatura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5691" xml:space="preserve">coſi in altri luoghi nobilisſimi Tempi, per la Eternita di quella materia
              <lb/>
            fatti ſono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5692" xml:space="preserve">Naſcono queſti Alberi masſimamente in Candia, in Affrica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5693" xml:space="preserve">in alcune parti della Siria. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5694" xml:space="preserve">Il Larice, che
              <lb/>
            non e noto, ſe non à gli abitanti d’intoa
              <unsure/>
            no la riua del Pò, è i liti del mar Adriano, non ſolamente per la grande ama-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0060-04" xlink:href="note-0060-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            rezza del ſucco da i tarli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5695" xml:space="preserve">caruoli ſi conſerua, ma ancho dal foco non riceue la ſiamma, ne eſſo da ſe può ardere, ſe
              <lb/>
            non come il ſaſſo nella fornace, à cuocer la calce con altri legni ſerà abbruſciato, ne allhora però fiamma riceue, ò fa
              <lb/>
            carbone, ma in lungo ſpatio a pena ſi conſuma, perche tra i principij, de quali è fatto, ha pochisſima tempra di fuoco,
              <lb/>
            ò di aere, ma la materia di eſſo, è di humore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5696" xml:space="preserve">di terra ispesſita, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5697" xml:space="preserve">raſſodata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5698" xml:space="preserve">non hauendo poroſita, per laquale il
              <lb/>
            fuoco ui poſſa entrare, ſcaccia la forza ſua, ne ſi laſcia da quella offendere facilmente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5699" xml:space="preserve">per queſto il ſuo peſo non è
              <lb/>
            dall’acqua ſoſtenuto, ma quando è condotto, ò in naue, ò uer ſopra le zatte di Abete, è, portato, ma come queſta ma
              <lb/>
            teria ſia ſtata rittrouata nõ ſenza cagione ſi deue conoſcere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5700" xml:space="preserve">Diuo Ceſare hauẽdo l’eſſercito cerca l’alpi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5701" xml:space="preserve">hauẽdo cõ
              <lb/>
            mandato à gli habitanti che gli deſſero uettouaglie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5702" xml:space="preserve">eſſendo iui un forte Caſtello detto Larigno, quelli che in eſſo
              <lb/>
            erano confidatiſi nella fortezza naturale del luogo nõ uolleno ubbedire, perilche l’Imperatore ſi ſpinſe auãti con lo
              <lb/>
            eſſercito. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5703" xml:space="preserve">Fra dinanzi la porta una torre di queſta materia fatta con attrauerſati traui alternamẽte raddoppiati à gui
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0060-05" xlink:href="note-0060-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ſa di pira in alto cõpoſta in modo, che con pali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5704" xml:space="preserve">pietre poteua ſcacciare chiunque uoluto haueſſe, à, quella approſi
              <lb/>
            marſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5705" xml:space="preserve">Vedendoſi poi, che quelli altre armi nõ haueuano, che pali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5706" xml:space="preserve">che per lo peſo di quelli, nõ poteuano troppo da
              <lb/>
            lungi tirarli, fu commandato, che ſi metteſſero ſotto i faſci di uerge legati inſieme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5707" xml:space="preserve">le faci ardenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5708" xml:space="preserve">coſi preſto i
              <lb/>
            ſoldati ne fecero una gran raunanza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5709" xml:space="preserve">Dapoi, che la fiãma d’intorno â quella materia hebbe la uerge appreſe leuataſi
              <lb/>
            al Cielo ſece credere, che tutta l’altezza della Torre caduta fuſſe, ma poi che quella da ſe ſi eſtinſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5710" xml:space="preserve">fu ripoſata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5711" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            reſtò, ſi uide la Torre nõ eſſer ſtata dal fuoco offeſa, ammirandoſi Ceſare cõmandò, che quelli dal Caſtello fuſſero in-
              <lb/>
            torno circondati lontani però dal trar di mano, perilche, i, caſtellani conſtretti dalla paura ſi diedero all’Imperatore
              <lb/>
            ilquale poi gli dimandò di che fuſſero quelle legna, che non ſi conſumauano per la fiamma. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5712" xml:space="preserve">Riſpoſero dimoſtran-
              <lb/>
            dogli quegli alberi, de i quali in quei luoghi n’è grandisſima copia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5713" xml:space="preserve">per queſto il nome hebbe quel Caſtello, che fù
              <lb/>
            nominato Larigno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5714" xml:space="preserve">quella materia ſimilmente, è detta Larigna. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5715" xml:space="preserve">Queſta per lo Pò ſi conduce à Rauenna nella Co
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0060-06" xlink:href="note-0060-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            lonia di Fano, di Peſaro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5716" xml:space="preserve">d’Ancona, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5717" xml:space="preserve">ne gli altri luohi, che ſono in quella Regione; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5718" xml:space="preserve">della qual materia, s’egli ſi ha
              <lb/>
            ueſſe cammodita di condurne à Roma, ſi trarebbe grandisſima utilità ne gli edifici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5719" xml:space="preserve">ſe non in tutti, almeno le ta-
              <lb/>
            uole ſotto le grondi, d’intorno le caſe de priuati, che Iſole ſi chiamauano, per eſſer tutte ſeparate l’una dall’altra, ſe
              <lb/>
            di quella materia poſte fuſlero, dal trappaſſare de gli incẽdij le caſe di pericolo ſariano liberati, perche queſti ne fiam-
              <lb/>
            ma, ne carbone riceueno, ne da ſe farne poſſono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5720" xml:space="preserve">Sono queſti alberi di foglie al Pino ſimigliãti la loro materia è lunga
              <lb/>
            trattabile per lauori di legname nõ meno della Sappinea detta di ſopra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5721" xml:space="preserve">Tiene liquida raſa di colore del mele attico,
              <lb/>
            laq̈le è di giouamẽto à, i ptiſici. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5722" xml:space="preserve">Io ho detto di tutte le ſorti de legnami di che propieta ſono per natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5723" xml:space="preserve">con che ra-
              <lb/>
            gione ſi generano, ſeguita, che io auuertiſca, perche cauſa q̃llo Abete, che in Roma ſi chiamò Sopernate, peggiore ſia
              <lb/>
            di quello, che è detto ifernate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5724" xml:space="preserve">Ilq̈le è di mirabile utilita alla duratione delle Fabriche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5725" xml:space="preserve">di queſte coſe cõe pareno ha-
              <lb/>
            uer dalla propietà de i luoghi bõtà, ò uitio, accioche chiare ſiano, à chi uorrà porui penſamẽto, chiaramẽte eſponerò.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5726" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5727" xml:space="preserve">Vitruuio ce ha inſegnato quanto appartiene alla materia il tempo di tagliar gli alberi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5728" xml:space="preserve">la ragione, il modo di tagliargli, la natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5729" xml:space="preserve">uſo loro,
              <lb/>
            ha parlato dell’ Abete, del Cedro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5730" xml:space="preserve">del Larice coſe degne di auuertimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5731" xml:space="preserve">ha deſcritto alcuni alberi, concludendo chiaramète, quanto egli
              <lb/>
            ha detto fin hora. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5732" xml:space="preserve">Noi tutta la preſente materia ſimilmente proponeremo ſotto un’aſpetto, ſecondo l’uſanza noſtra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5733" xml:space="preserve">Nel legname adunque
              <lb/>
            ſi conſidera il tempo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5734" xml:space="preserve">il modo di tagliarlo, la natura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5735" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5736" xml:space="preserve">l’uſo, la comparatione delle parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5737" xml:space="preserve">del tutto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5738" xml:space="preserve">Secondo Theofrasto il Rouere, il
              <lb/>
            Pezzo, il Pino deonſi tagliare quando le piante sbroccano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5739" xml:space="preserve">Ma l’Acero, l’Olmo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5740" xml:space="preserve">La Tiglia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5741" xml:space="preserve">il Fraßeno dopo la uendemia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5742" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5743" xml:space="preserve">uuole,
              <lb/>
            che fi taglie dal principio dell’ Auttunno fin quãdo comincia à ſoffiare il uento detto Fauonio, ò Zefiro, Columela da i uenti fino à, i, trenta </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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