Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div204" type="section" level="1" n="28">
          <pb o="63" file="0069" n="71" rhead="TERZO."/>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7168" xml:space="preserve">O@tima coſaénellαmente dellhucmo la ragione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7169" xml:space="preserve">queſta cccellentemente ſi dimosεtra nelle proportioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7170" xml:space="preserve">però ſ@Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7171" xml:space="preserve">ha detto che la ragicre
              <lb/>
            della corriſpondenza delle miſure con grandisſima diligenza eſſer deue da gli Architetti appreſa, egli ha detto coſa ragioneuole,honeſta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7172" xml:space="preserve">de
              <lb/>
            bita alla diuinità & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7173" xml:space="preserve">ſe coſa mortale puo à baſtanza honorare la immortalità, direi anchcra io che le piu pretioſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7174" xml:space="preserve">care coſe eſſer douriano
              <lb/>
            ſoggetto alle proportionate fabriche de i ſacri luoghi, accioche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7175" xml:space="preserve">con la forma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7176" xml:space="preserve">con la materia ſi honoraſse quanto piu ſi poteβe ogni
              <lb/>
            coſa del cielo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7177" xml:space="preserve">Neceſſaria è adunque la cognitione della Simmetria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7178" xml:space="preserve">accioche egli ſi ſappia doue ella naſce , inſegnacelo Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7179" xml:space="preserve">dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7180" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7181" xml:space="preserve">Queſta ſi piglia dalla proportione, (& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7182" xml:space="preserve">dice,) che coſa è proportione, in quefto modo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7183" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7184" xml:space="preserve">Proportione è conuenienza di moduli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7185" xml:space="preserve">di miſura in ogni opera, ſi della rata parte de i membri, come del tutto, dalla-
              <lb/>
            qual procede la ragione delle Simmetrie.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7186" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7187" xml:space="preserve">Hauemo noi di ſopra diffinita la proportione ſecondo la communanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7188" xml:space="preserve">uniuerſalità di quel nome, hora Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7189" xml:space="preserve">applica lo iſteſſo uocabulo al-
              <lb/>
            la pratica della Architettura, dicendo, che la Proportione è una conſonanza,e rifpondenza delle miſure delle parti tra ſe ſteſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7190" xml:space="preserve">col tutto
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0069-01" xlink:href="note-0069-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            in ogni opera che ſi ſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7191" xml:space="preserve">queſta conſonanza egli chiama commodulatione, percioche modulo è detta quella miſura,che ſi prcnde da prima
              <lb/>
            con laquale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7192" xml:space="preserve">le parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7193" xml:space="preserve">il tutto ſi miſura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7194" xml:space="preserve">però proportione nelle fabriche altro non è che comparatione de moduli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7195" xml:space="preserve">di muſure in
              <lb/>
            quello, in che conuengono, ò le parti inſieme delle fabriche, ò il tutto unitamente con le parti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7196" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7197" xml:space="preserve">Queſto penſo io, che di già ſia manifeſto, però dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7198" xml:space="preserve">ſeguendo ci dimoſtra da quale eβempio di natura, e ſtata pigliata la ragione delle
              <lb/>
            miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7199" xml:space="preserve">dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7200" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7201" xml:space="preserve">Perche non puo fabrica alcuna ſenza miſura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7202" xml:space="preserve">proportione hauer ragione di componimento, ſe prima non hauerà
              <lb/>
            riſpetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7203" xml:space="preserve">conſideratione ſopra la uera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7204" xml:space="preserve">certa ragione de i membri dell’huomo ben figurato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7205" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7206" xml:space="preserve">La natura maeεtra ce inſegna, come hauemo à reggerſi nelle miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7207" xml:space="preserve">nelle proportioni delle fabriche à i Dei conſecrate, imperoche non da
              <lb/>
            altro ella uuole che impariamo le ragioni delle Simmetrie, che ne i Tempi uſar douemo, che dal Sacro Tempio fatto ad imagine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7208" xml:space="preserve">ſimiglian
              <lb/>
            za di Dio, che è l’huomo, nella cui compoſitione tutte le altre merauiglie di natura contenute ſono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7209" xml:space="preserve">però con bello auuedmento tolſero gli
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0069-02" xlink:href="note-0069-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            antichi ogni ragione del miſurare dalle parti del corpo humano, doue con Ragione Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7210" xml:space="preserve">ha detto niuna opera poter hauer di compunento
              <lb/>
            ragione, ſe prima non hauerà riguardo alla S immetria delle membra humane, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7211" xml:space="preserve">accioche ſi conoſca in che modo ſiano εtate pighate le miſu-
              <lb/>
            re del corpo humano, egli ci dimoεtra partitamente, ogni ragione di eβo & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7212" xml:space="preserve">dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7213" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7214" xml:space="preserve">Perche la natura in tal modo ha compoſto il corpo dell’huomo, che la faccia dal capo dal mento alla ſommità della
              <lb/>
            fronte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7215" xml:space="preserve">alle baſſe radici de i capelli fuſſe la decima parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7216" xml:space="preserve">tanto ancho fuſſe la palma della mano dalla giuntura
              <lb/>
            del nodo alla cima del dito di mezzo, il capo dal mento alla ſommità della teſta l’ottaua parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7217" xml:space="preserve">tanto ancho dal-
              <lb/>
            le baſſe ceruici.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7218" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7219" xml:space="preserve">Prima, che io eſpona la intentione di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7220" xml:space="preserve">parmi neceſſario dicbiarire breuemente alcune coſe pertinenti alla preſente conſideratione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7221" xml:space="preserve">Ditre ma-
              <lb/>
            niere ſi dice eßer la miſura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7222" xml:space="preserve">Primier amente quando una coſa è piu perfetta che le altre ſotto un’iεteſſo genere, quella ſi dice miſura di perfet-
              <lb/>
            tione, in queſto modo l’huomo fra tutti gli animali eſſendo il piu perfetto ſi puo dir, cβer la miſura di tutti gli animali. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7223" xml:space="preserve">Chiamaſi poi miſura
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0069-03" xlink:href="note-0069-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            d’agguaglianza, quando la miſura contiene la coſa miſurata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7224" xml:space="preserve">niente piu, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7225" xml:space="preserve">niente meno, come un concio di uino, ſi chiama miſura di
              <lb/>
            uino, in fine miſura: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7226" xml:space="preserve">quella quantità nominiamo, che preſa piu fiate mifura il tutto, coſi dicesno la canna miſurar’ il panno:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7227" xml:space="preserve">di queſta noi par-
              <lb/>
            lamo, queεta è quella, che dalla miſura della perfettione, che è l’huomo tra gli animali è ſtata preſa da gli antichi, onde miſurare altro non è
              <lb/>
            che far manifeεta una quantit à prima non conoſciuta con una quantità, che è piu certa à noi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7228" xml:space="preserve">pero con ragione dalle parti dell’huomo εta
              <lb/>
            te ſono pigliate le miſure delle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7229" xml:space="preserve">è ragioneuole, che dalla teſta ſi prenda la miſura del tutto, eſſendo in quella poεto il ualore di tutti i
              <lb/>
            ſentimenti humani, come coſa piu nobile, e principale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7230" xml:space="preserve">piu manifeſta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7231" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7232" xml:space="preserve">uuole che l’huomo ſia di dieci teſte, ſe per teſta egli s’intende
              <lb/>
            dal mento al naſcimento de i capelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7233" xml:space="preserve">uuole ancho che ſia di otto teſte, ſe per teſta egli s’intende lo ſpacio che è dal mento alla ſommit à del
              <lb/>
            capo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7234" xml:space="preserve">Io efponerò la ſua intentione laſciando il diffinine le controuerſie delle miſure del corpo humano à Pittori, e Scultori.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7235" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7236" xml:space="preserve">Dalla ſommità del petto alle radici de i capilli la ſeſta parte,alla ſommità della teſta la quarta, dal fine del mento al fine
              <lb/>
            delle narjci e la terza parte dell’altezza di tutta la faccia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7237" xml:space="preserve">tanto è lungo il naſo tutto inſino al mezzo del ſopra-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0069-04" xlink:href="note-0069-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ciglio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7238" xml:space="preserve">tanto ancho da quello fino alle radici de i capelli, doue ſi fa la fronte, ma il piede e la ſeſta parte dell’altez-
              <lb/>
            za del corpo, il cubito la quarta, il petto ancho la quarta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7239" xml:space="preserve">in queſto modo ancho gli altri membri hanno le loro
              <lb/>
            conuenienti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7240" xml:space="preserve">proportionate miſure lequali ancho da gli antichi Pittori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7241" xml:space="preserve">Statuari ſono ſtate uſate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7242" xml:space="preserve">però gran-
              <lb/>
            de, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7243" xml:space="preserve">infinite lode riportato hanno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7244" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7245" xml:space="preserve">Seguita Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7246" xml:space="preserve">à darci le miſure del corpo humano dellequali copioſamente ne ha parlato il buon Alberto Durero nel ſuo libro della Simmetria
              <lb/>
            dell’huomo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7247" xml:space="preserve">Gli antichi faceuano i corpigrandi, le teſte alquanto picciole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7248" xml:space="preserve">la ſueltezza era poſta nella lunghezza della coſcia, parlo hora
              <lb/>
            de i corpi perfetti, imperoche altra miſura conuiene à putti altra à corpi grasſi, altra ad alcuni aſciutti, ſimilmente gli antichi εtando nelle
              <lb/>
            miſure conuenienti amauano la lunghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7249" xml:space="preserve">la ſottigliezza d’alcune parti parendo loro di dar non ſo che piu di leggiadro all’opere; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7250" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7251" xml:space="preserve">pe-
              <lb/>
            rò ſe bene dalla raſſetta, che è la piegatura della mano, inſino alla ſommità del dito di mezo uoleuano che tanto fuſſe dal mento alla ſommit à del
              <lb/>
            la fronte; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7252" xml:space="preserve">niente dimeno per la detta cagione faceuano la mano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7253" xml:space="preserve">le dita alquanto piu lunghe, il Filandro auueriiſce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7254" xml:space="preserve">bene; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7255" xml:space="preserve">che non puo
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0069-05" xlink:href="note-0069-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ſtar quello, che dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7256" xml:space="preserve">che il petto ſia la quarta parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7257" xml:space="preserve">uuole, che quando Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7258" xml:space="preserve">dice, che’l cubito ſia la quarta parte, egh’intenda non
              <lb/>
            dalla giuntur a del braccio alla raſſetta, ma dalla giuntura del braccio alla ſommità del dito mezzano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7259" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7260" xml:space="preserve">Vuole Pomponio Gaurico che la giuſta altezza ſia di noue teεte, altri alquanto piu, ma noi altroue ci riſſeruamo non eſſendo queεto il propio luo
              <lb/>
            go, non però uolemo reſtar di pouer per ſatisfattione d’alcuni, quello, che à queεto propoſito ſi legge nel libro della ſottilità, doue ſono
              <lb/>
            queſte parole.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7261" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7262" xml:space="preserve">Queεta è la ſorma del corpo humano perſetto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7263" xml:space="preserve">La faccia è la decima di tutta la longhezza del naſcimento de i capelli all eſtremo del pollice del
              <lb/>
            piede. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7264" xml:space="preserve">La faccia ſi diuide in tre partieguali,l’una ſi da dalla radice de i capelli alla ſommità del naſo, l’altra è la lungbezza del naſo, che è la tri
              <lb/>
            geſima parte di tutto il corpo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7265" xml:space="preserve">La terza è dal fine del naſo al mento. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7266" xml:space="preserve">La lunghezza della bocca è eguale alla lunghezza dell’occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7267" xml:space="preserve">la lun-
              <lb/>
            ghezza dell’occhio, e quanto lo ſpacio da un’occhio all’altro, di modo che in tre parti ſi diuida lo ſpacio, che è da un’angulo dell’occhio allo an
              <lb/>
            gulo dell’altro, cioè due occhi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7268" xml:space="preserve">lo ſpacio che è tra quelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7269" xml:space="preserve">tutto queſto, e doppio alla lunghezza del naſo, di maniera che la lunghezza
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0069-06" xlink:href="note-0069-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            dell’occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7270" xml:space="preserve">l’apritura della bocca ſia doppia alla nona parte della lunghezza della faccia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7271" xml:space="preserve">per queſto ancho adiuiene, che la lunghezza
              <lb/>
            del naſo ſia ſeſquialter a all’apritura della bocca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7272" xml:space="preserve">alla lunghezza dell’occhio, laqual lunghezza del naſo eſſendo tripla allo ſpacio che è
              <lb/>
            dal naſo alla bocca, ne ſegue, ehe queſto ſpacio ſer à la materia dell’apritura della bocca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7273" xml:space="preserve">della lunghezza dell’occhio, il circuito della bocca
              <lb/>
            e doppio alla lunghezza del naſo e triplo all’apritura, A dunque tutta la lunghezza della faccia, èſeſquialtera al circuito della bocca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7274" xml:space="preserve">allo
              <lb/>
            ſpacio, che è dallo angulo eſteriore d’un occhio all’angulo eſteriore dell’altro, percioche queſto ſpacio, ètanto quanto èil circuito della boc-
              <lb/>
            ca, il circuito del naſo da baſſo è pare alla ſua lunghezza, il circuito dell’orecchia è eguale al circuito della bocca, il foro della narice e la quar
              <lb/>
            ta parte della lunghezza dell’occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7275" xml:space="preserve">in tal guiſa è diſpoſta la miſura del corpo humano, come qui ſotto ſi uede.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7276" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7277" xml:space="preserve">La faccia parte dieciotto, tra due anguli eεteriori de gliocchi parti dodici. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7278" xml:space="preserve">La lunghezza del naſo parti ſei, il circuito da baβo del naſo parti
              <lb/>
            ſei, la lunghezza dell’orecchia parte ſei, dalle radici de capelli al naſo parte ſei, dal men o al ſotto naſo parti ſei, la lunghezza della bocca par
              <lb/>
            ti quattro, la rotondità della bocca parti dodici. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7279" xml:space="preserve">Dalla cima della teſta al fine di dietro parte uenti quattro, dalla ſommit à del petto alle ſom-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0069-07" xlink:href="note-0069-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            me radici de i capilli partitrenta, dalla forcella ſopra il petto alla cima della teεta parti trenta ſei, il circuito dell’orecchia parti dodeci, la lun-
              <lb/>
            ghezza dell’occhio parti quattro, la diſtanza tra un’occhio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7280" xml:space="preserve">l’altro parti quattro, dal ſotto naſo alla bocca parti duo, dalla bocca al men-
              <lb/>
            to parti quattro, il ſoro del naſo parte una, l’ambito della ſronte di ſopra parti diciotto, dalla giuntuta della mano alla ſomnità del dito di mez
              <lb/>
            zo la palma parti diciotto, dal mento alla ſommità della teſta parti uentiquattro, il piede parti uenti, il cubito parti trenta, il petto parti
              <lb/>
            trenta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7281" xml:space="preserve">Tutto il corpo parti cento e ottanta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7282" xml:space="preserve">Sono ancho i maſchi delle tempie proportionali alla lunghezza della faccia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7283" xml:space="preserve">le orecchie al
              <lb/>
            naſo, come oſſeruato hauemo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7284" xml:space="preserve">Similmente dal nodo della mano alla ſommit à del dito mezzano, e la decima di tutto il corpo, dal mento </s>
          </p>
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