Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div397" type="section" level="1" n="56">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head56" xml:space="preserve">CAP. VIII. DI TRE SORTF DI SCENE.</head>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13040" xml:space="preserve">T R E ſono le maniere delle Scene. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13041" xml:space="preserve">Quelli, che interpretano quella parola, che è posta nel primo Libro detta
              <lb/>
            Sciographia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13042" xml:space="preserve">che intendono in quel luog{223}o, doue ſi tratta delle ſpecie della Diſpoſitione, la Proſpettiua, conſerma-
              <lb/>
            no la loro opinione con queſta parte dell’ottauo Capitolo del preſente Libro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13043" xml:space="preserve">Doue da Vitruuio poſte ſono tre manie-
              <lb/>
            re di Scene, ò tre ſorti di apparati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13044" xml:space="preserve">d’ apparenze dipinte, ſecondo, che tre ſono le materie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13045" xml:space="preserve">i ſoggetti delle ſa-
              <lb/>
            uole, che ſi hanno a recitare, imperoche eſſendo le coſe, ò baſſe, ò mediocri, uogliono, che alle attioni d’impor-
              <lb/>
            tanza doue intrauengono perſone grandi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13046" xml:space="preserve">d’alto ſtato, ſi faccia un’apparato di fabriche ſontuoſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13047" xml:space="preserve">una Proſpetti-
              <lb/>
            ua Magnifica, e Reale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13048" xml:space="preserve">inſieme con Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13049" xml:space="preserve">danno queſta apparenza alle Tragedie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13050" xml:space="preserve">qneſto apparecchio chiamano Scena Tragica.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13051" xml:space="preserve">Similmente doue ſono i maneggi domeſtici, fatti tra perſone mediocri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13052" xml:space="preserve">di ordinaria conditione, fanno un’altra ſorte di Scena, che
              <lb/>
            Comica, ſi chiama, perche iui ſi rappreſentauano le Comedie, cioè le attioni di priuate perſone. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13053" xml:space="preserve">Et in fine alle infime, rozze, e ſemplici
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0166-01" xlink:href="note-0166-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            perſone, come ſono gli habitatori delle uille, per quello, che accade tra loro, ſi da una moſtra di paeſi, d’alberi, d’acque, di caſe rusticali,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13054" xml:space="preserve">quella moſtra, che in pittura tale ſi rappreſenta, Scena Satirica nominarono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13055" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi in tre ſorti hauendo tutto l’apparato della fauola diui-
              <lb/>
            ſo, uidero che la Proſpettiua era molto neceſſaria allo Architetto, et coſi interpretato hanno, quella parola Sciographia, per la Proſpettiua.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13056" xml:space="preserve">Molti ancho letto hanno Scenographia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13057" xml:space="preserve">hanno inteſo lo iſteſſo, cioè l’arte di far le Scene; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13058" xml:space="preserve">laqual arte ricerca mirabilmente l’uſo della Pro-
              <lb/>
            ſpettiua, imperoche gli alti Palaggi, le belle Loggie, i magnifichi Edifici, gli Archi ſontuoſi , le ſtrade militari, che nelle Tragedie, ſi dipin
              <lb/>
            gono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13059" xml:space="preserve">le priuate habitationi, le strade, gli angiporti, che alle Comedie ſi danno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13060" xml:space="preserve">ilontani de i paeſi, il fuggir dell’acque, i Tuguri paſto
              <lb/>
            rali, che ſono propi delle Satire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13061" xml:space="preserve">de i giochi rusticali, tutte ricercano il punto della uiſta nostra regolatore di quanto ſi uede in quelle fac-
              <lb/>
            ciate, dalche ne naſcono gli ſporti, i rastremamenti, i battimenti de i lumi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13062" xml:space="preserve">delle ombre, l’entrare, l’uſcire delle parti, de i membri, il
              <lb/>
            uicino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13063" xml:space="preserve">il lontano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13064" xml:space="preserve">l’incrocciamento de i raggi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13065" xml:space="preserve">laragione de gli angoli, ſotto li quali ſi uede ciò, che ſi uede, ſecondo la conueneuole
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            uarieta de gli aſpetti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13066" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi conſiderando queſta parte hanno uoluto, che iui ſi intẽda la Proſpettiua eſſer una ſpecie della Diſpoſitione, ilquale
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0166-02" xlink:href="note-0166-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            intendimento a me non compie di ſatisfare, imperoche e neceſſario, che le ſpecie della Diſpoſitione, poſte ſotto il ſuo genere, habbiano tra ſe
              <lb/>
            una certa ſimiglianza, nellaquale come ſpecie cõuenghino ſotto il loro genere, et ſe la pianta detta Icnographia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13067" xml:space="preserve">lo inpie detto ortographia
              <lb/>
            conuengono nella ordináza della Diſpoſitione, di modo, che quello, che naſce, et quello che creſce, e un’iſteſſa coſa, perche uorremo noi adurre
              <lb/>
            la Proſpettiua, che in queſto genere, nõ ha da far nulla cõ le altre ſpecie, et maniere della Diſpoſitione? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13068" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſia quello ſi uoglia, uero è che Vit.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13069" xml:space="preserve">in questa parte pone le tre maniere di Scene predette, cioè Tragiche, Comiche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13070" xml:space="preserve">Satiriche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13071" xml:space="preserve">è uero ancho ſeparatamente, che per di-
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            pignere queste Scene, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13072" xml:space="preserve">per fare che facciano i loro effetti, è neceſſario, che ſi ſappia la Proſpettiua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13073" xml:space="preserve">Nellaquale è opera di bel giudicio
              <lb/>
            ſaper ponere il punto coſi accommodatamente, che tutto quello, che ſi uede dipinto, rappreſenti un ſito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13074" xml:space="preserve">un’eſſer naturale delle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13075" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            niente ſia di forzato, di precipitoſo, di difforme, di ſgarbato, come ſi uede nelle Scene di molti, le coſe oltra modo picciole, gli Edificij, che
              <lb/>
            traboccano, i fuggimenti tanto al baſſo púto ſcnza dolcezza tirati, che ne d’appreſſo, ne da lontano poſſono eſſer con diletto ueduti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13076" xml:space="preserve">Et perche
              <lb/>
            questa parte della pratica a me pare non meno diletteuole, che neceſſaria, mi è uenuto in animo di uolere ancho in queſta parte giouare, quan-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0166-03" xlink:href="note-0166-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            to le mie forze ſi potranno eſtendere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13077" xml:space="preserve">pero con diligenza ho cercato, chi in queſta coſa mi poteſſe dar lume, finalmente ho ritrouato un
              <lb/>
            buon precettore, il nome del quale honoreuolmente ſer à da me poſto, nel trattato della Proſpettiua, che io intendo di dar in luce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13078" xml:space="preserve">perche
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            appreſſo le coſe imparate da lui, mi ſon forzato con iſtudio, e fatica di ordinare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13079" xml:space="preserve">di aggiugnere delle coſe al propoſito, però io ho partito
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            quell’ opera in cinque uolumi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13080" xml:space="preserve">Nel primo de i quali io ho gettati i fondamenti della Proſpettiua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13081" xml:space="preserve">dato le regole generali della pratica di
              <lb/>
            eſſa, con diffinire, diuidere, e dimoſtr are quanto alla dettaragione è neceſſario, accioche ſenza dubitatione l’huomo poſſa porre la ueduta in
              <lb/>
            propio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13082" xml:space="preserve">accommodato luogo, accioche non uenghino di quelli errori, che di ſopra ho detto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13083" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi nella prima parte i precetti, la uiſta,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13084" xml:space="preserve">i quadrati ſi pongono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13085" xml:space="preserve">Nel ſecondo ſe inſegna la Diſpoſitione de i piani regolari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13086" xml:space="preserve">irregolari, in ſquadra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13087" xml:space="preserve">fuor di ſquadra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13088" xml:space="preserve">i per-
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            fetti di qualunque corpo ſi ſia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13089" xml:space="preserve">Nel terzo ſono le miſure de i corpi, accioche uolendo noi da i piani perſetti trare i piani di Proſpettiua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13090" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            da queſti leuar i detti corpi, ſappiamo le miſure loro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13091" xml:space="preserve">Nel quarto ſi dimoſtra il modo di leuar i corpi ſecondo le altezze loro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13092" xml:space="preserve">qui ſi tratte-
              <lb/>
            ra delle tre ſorti delle Scene predette, come ſi hanno a leuare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13093" xml:space="preserve">de i corpi mathematici, de i loro tagli, rilieui, e piegature, dalche ne naſce-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0166-04" xlink:href="note-0166-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ra una pratica merauiglioſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13094" xml:space="preserve">una grande utilità per molte coſe, che & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13095" xml:space="preserve">per adornamento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13096" xml:space="preserve">per commodo ci uengono tutto di per le ma
              <lb/>
            ni, Nella quinta & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13097" xml:space="preserve">ultima parte ſi tratta dell’ ombreggiare, de i lumi, d’alcuni ſtrumenti della Proſpettiua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13098" xml:space="preserve">d’alcune altre maniere di queſta
              <lb/>
            pratica, come molte coſe ſi dipingono, che non ſi poſſono uedere, ſe non in un certo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13099" xml:space="preserve">determinato punto, ò con iſpecchi, ò con traguardi, ò
              <lb/>
            con altre ſorti di uedere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13100" xml:space="preserve">Questa è la fatica mia circa la Proſpettiua pratica, dellaquale , fin hora che io ſappia niuno ha trattato, e dato in
              <lb/>
            luce alcuna coſa, benche nelle pitture de gli antipaſſati molte ſe ne uedino fatte con mirabile arteficio, doue non ſol i paeſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13101" xml:space="preserve">le fabriche ſono
              <lb/>
            ſtate poſte con ragione di Proſpettiua, ma con ſomma diligenza le figure de glihuomini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13102" xml:space="preserve">de i brutti ſono ſtate tirate al punto, doue con am-
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            miratione de i riguardanti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13103" xml:space="preserve">giudicioſi ingegni ſono state ſommamente lodate, talche potemo ragioneuolmente biaſmare la età noſtra, che
              <lb/>
            habbia produtto eccellenti pittori, ma pochi Proſpettiui. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13104" xml:space="preserve">Vedo eſſer ſprezzatala fatica, ma lodata l’opera della Proſpettiua, ammirano il
              <lb/>
            ben fatto, fuggono lo ſtudio di ſare, Vogliono hauer le coſe belle, d’altri, ma non ſi curano di ſaper ſarle da loro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13105" xml:space="preserve">Ma per eſſortare chiunque
              <lb/>
            dalla fatica ſbigottito non ardiſce porſi alla impreſa di imparare queſta ſi bella arte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13106" xml:space="preserve">Io uoglio aßicurare ciaſuno, che tra tutte l’arti, che per
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0166-05" xlink:href="note-0166-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            pratica, eragione s’imparano, nó ha alcuna che ſia piu terminata della Proſpeuttiua, di modo, che l’huomo puo ſperare di uederne la fine in po
              <lb/>
            co tempo, per ilche io ſtimo, che questa ſola promeſſa può appreſſo un bello ſpirito hauer tanta ſorza, che non eccitato, ma infiammato egli
              <lb/>
            habbia a reſtare in dar principio ad apprender la’Proſpettiua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13107" xml:space="preserve">quello, che io con una uniuerſal propoſitione hora dico, ſpero nel trattamen
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            to mio della Proſpettiua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13108" xml:space="preserve">con ragione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13109" xml:space="preserve">con iſperienza dimoſtrare ſi fattamente, che non ce ne reſterà dubbio alcuno nella mente di chi
              <lb/>
            uorra conſiderare il fatto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13110" xml:space="preserve">Dalla figura paſſata della Scena ſi potra conſiderare lo inpie, di tutta la facciata di eſſa Scena, perche eſſendoui
              <lb/>
            poſta la porta Regia, che è nel mezzo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13111" xml:space="preserve">l’altra porta dall’uno de i lati, egli ſi può conſiderare l’altra parte douer’ eſſer ſimilmente dipinta, c
              <lb/>
            diſſegnata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13112" xml:space="preserve">Dipinta dico quanto alla Proſpettiua, che dentro le porti ſi uede. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13113" xml:space="preserve">Diſſegnata quanto al ſodo, et alle fabriche, che ſempre reſtauano,
              <lb/>
            ne per alcun tempo ſi mutauano, per eſſer di pietre fondate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13114" xml:space="preserve">de colonnati stabili, è fermi, che erano parte della fabrica del Theatro, come
              <lb/>
            la gradatione, i portichi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13115" xml:space="preserve">altre parti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13116" xml:space="preserve">Ma troppo lunga coſa ſarebbe ſtata a uoler diſſegnare tutte le parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13117" xml:space="preserve">gli aſpetti, che ſa il Thea-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0166-06" xlink:href="note-0166-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            tro, però hauemo laſciato queſta fatica a piu diligenti di noi, non però, che quello, che neceſſariamente hauemo giudicato eſſer bello da in-
              <lb/>
            tendere, habbiamo laſciato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13118" xml:space="preserve">Volemo bene, che s’auuertiſca, come dalla fabrica de i Theatri ſi potr à imparare molte regole dell’ Architettu-
              <lb/>
            ra, delle quali ci potremo ſeruire in altre ſorti di fabriche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13119" xml:space="preserve">con quelle adornarle mirabilmente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13120" xml:space="preserve">prender animo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13121" xml:space="preserve">ardire di far da noi
              <lb/>
            qualche coſa degna di commendatione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13122" xml:space="preserve">Ma tempo è che tornamo al propoſito.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13123" xml:space="preserve"/>
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