Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of handwritten notes

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div77" type="section" level="1" n="7">
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            <s xml:id="echoid-s2715" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="29" file="0033" n="35" rhead="PRIMO."/>
            quinto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2716" xml:space="preserve">ſesto Capitolo del primo Libro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2717" xml:space="preserve">hauerai la preſeute materia copioſa, ornata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2718" xml:space="preserve">dotta; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2719" xml:space="preserve">alle ragioni adunque uenendo
              <lb/>
            Vittruuio dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2720" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2721" xml:space="preserve">Perche da quei principi, che ſi chiamano elementi, tutti i corpi compoſti ſono, cioè di calore, di hum
              <emph style="ul">ore</emph>
            , di terreno, et
              <lb/>
              <handwritten xlink:label="hd-0033-01" xlink:href="hd-0033-01a" number="2"/>
            d’aere; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2722" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2723" xml:space="preserve">dalla meſcolanza di queſti con naturale temperamento in ſomma formate ſono le ſpecie di tutti gli anima
              <lb/>
            li, che ſi trouano al mondo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2724" xml:space="preserve">In quei corpi adunque nei quali abonda tra quei principij il caldo, ſi uede, che il cado gli
              <lb/>
            uccide, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2725" xml:space="preserve">gli diſcioglie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2726" xml:space="preserve">tai difetti ſuol fare l’aere caldo, che uiene da certe parti del Cielo, quando egli entra nelle
              <lb/>
            aperte uene piu di quello, che può portare il corpo, per le meſcolanze dalla ſua naturale complesſione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2727" xml:space="preserve">Parimente
              <lb/>
            ſe l’humore hauerà occupato le uene de i corpi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2728" xml:space="preserve">quelle hauerà fatte diſeguali, tutti gli altri elementi, come dal li-
              <lb/>
            quore corrotti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2729" xml:space="preserve">guaſti ſi liquefaranno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2730" xml:space="preserve">le uirtù della compoſitione ſi diſtaranno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2731" xml:space="preserve">Anchora da i freddi de gli hu-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0033-01" xlink:href="note-0033-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            mori, de i uenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2732" xml:space="preserve">dell’aure s’infondeno le malatie nei corpi, ſimilmente la naturale compoſitione dell’aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2733" xml:space="preserve">del ter
              <lb/>
            reno creſcendo, ò minuendo fa debili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2734" xml:space="preserve">impotenti gli altri principij, gli terreſtri per la pienezza del cibo, gli aerei,
              <lb/>
            per la grauezza del Cielo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2735" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe alcuno uorrà queſte coſe con piu diligentia ſenſibilmente uedere, auuertiſca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2736" xml:space="preserve">at-
              <lb/>
            tenda alle nature de peſci, de gli uccelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2737" xml:space="preserve">de terreſtri animali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2738" xml:space="preserve">à queſto modo potra conſiderare le differenze del-
              <lb/>
            le complesſioni de i corpi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2739" xml:space="preserve">Imperoche altra meſcolanza hanno gli uccelli, altra i peſci, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2740" xml:space="preserve">molto anco piu, è, diuerſa
              <lb/>
            la natura de terreſtri animali. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2741" xml:space="preserve">Gli uccelli hanno manco della terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2742" xml:space="preserve">manco dell’humore, ſono di teperato calore, ab
              <lb/>
            bondano d’aere da che naſce, che eſſendo di elementi piu lieui compoſti ageuolmente ſi leuano contra l’impeto del-
              <lb/>
            l’aere, Ma le aquatili nature de peſci, perche ſono dal calor tẽperate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2743" xml:space="preserve">di terreno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2744" xml:space="preserve">poco d’humore rit-
              <lb/>
            tengono, quanto meno hanno tra quei principij loro dell’humore, tanto piu facilmente nell’humore ſi conſeruano,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2745" xml:space="preserve">però à terra condotti ad uno ſteſto tempo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2746" xml:space="preserve">la uita, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2747" xml:space="preserve">l’acqua mandano fuori; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2748" xml:space="preserve">à queſto modo medeſimo i terre-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0033-02" xlink:href="note-0033-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            ſtri animali, perche tra i principij loro ſon dall’aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2749" xml:space="preserve">dal calore temperati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2750" xml:space="preserve">meno rittengono del terreno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2751" xml:space="preserve">piu del
              <lb/>
            l humore, abondando in esſi le parti humide, non poſſono ſtando nell’acqua lungamente conſeruer la uita loro, ſe
              <lb/>
            adunque coſi pare, che ſia come propoſto hauemo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2752" xml:space="preserve">ſe colſenſo uedemo i corpi de gli animali eſſer di tai principij
              <lb/>
            compoſti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2753" xml:space="preserve">dimoſtrato hauemo per lo mancamento, ò per lo ſuperchio di tai coſe il tutto ceſſare, ò patire, non du-
              <lb/>
            bitiamo, che neceſlario non ſia con ogni diligentia sforzarſi diligentia sforzarſi di elegger le parti del Cielo temperatis ſime, quando nel
              <lb/>
            far le mura delle Città ſi richiede la ſanità. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2754" xml:space="preserve">Et però iO giudico fermamente deuerſi à queſto propoſito riuocare la ra-
              <lb/>
            gione de gli antichi, imperoche dopo i ſacrifici delle pecore, che paſceuano in quei luoghi, doue ſi faceuano le caſtel-
              <lb/>
            la, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2755" xml:space="preserve">doue ſi accampauano per ſtarui, con diligenza ne i fegati di quelle riguardauano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2756" xml:space="preserve">ſe le prime erano liuide, ò
              <lb/>
            macchiate di nuouo ne ſacrificauano dell’altre, dubitando ſe per infirmità, ò per li paſcoli offeſe fuſſero; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2757" xml:space="preserve">ma poi hauen
              <lb/>
            do fatto l’eſperienza in molte di eſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2758" xml:space="preserve">prouata l’intera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2759" xml:space="preserve">ſoda natura de i fegati per l’acque, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2760" xml:space="preserve">per li paſcoli, in quei
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0033-03" xlink:href="note-0033-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            luoghi s’accompauano; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2761" xml:space="preserve">ma ſe trouauano diffetto in esſi per ſegno certo argomẽtauano il medeſimo ne i corpi huma
              <lb/>
            ni trapportãdo, che eſſer peſtilente doueſſe in quei luoghi la copia dell’acqua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2762" xml:space="preserve">del cibo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2763" xml:space="preserve">coſi per altre parti ſi mo
              <lb/>
            ueuano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2764" xml:space="preserve">mutauano paeſe, cercando in ogni luogo la ſanità. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2765" xml:space="preserve">Ma che per li paſcoli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2766" xml:space="preserve">cibi ſi manifeſtino i terreni eſ-
              <lb/>
            ſer di natura ſalubre, argomento chiaro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2767" xml:space="preserve">grande ci danno i campi di Candia, che ſono d’intorno al fiume Potero,
              <lb/>
            tra Retimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2768" xml:space="preserve">Gortina, perche dall’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2769" xml:space="preserve">l’altra parte di quel fiume paſcendo ſi uanno le pecore; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2770" xml:space="preserve">ma quelle, che ſo-
              <lb/>
            no dalla parte di Retimo, hanno la milza apparẽte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2771" xml:space="preserve">quelle, che ſono appreſſo Gortina non l’hanno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2772" xml:space="preserve">Perche diman
              <lb/>
            dandone i medici la cagione, ritrouarno procedere queſto da un’herba, che pigliata dalle pecore ſcema la milza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2773" xml:space="preserve">pe
              <lb/>
            rò cogliendola ne dauano à chi patiua di milza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2774" xml:space="preserve">per quella ragione i Cretenſi Aſplenion la dimandauano; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2775" xml:space="preserve">che da
              <lb/>
            queſto ſegno ſi può hauere dal cibo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2776" xml:space="preserve">dalle acque naturalmente i luoghi eſſer peſtilenti, ò ſalubri. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2777" xml:space="preserve">Anchora ſe nelle
              <lb/>
            paludi ſarà fabricata la Città, ſe le paludi uicine al mare riguarderanno al Settentrione, ò uerò tra il Settentrione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2778" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0033-04" xlink:href="note-0033-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            il Leuante: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2779" xml:space="preserve">pur che ſiano piu alte, che il lito del mare con ragione parerà eſſer fabricata, perciò che tratte le foſſe l’ac-
              <lb/>
            queal lito ſe ne corrono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2780" xml:space="preserve">dal mare per le fortune ribattute nelle paludi, per uarij mouimenti ſaranno commoſſe, la
              <lb/>
            doue per le amare meſcolanze ne i luoghi paluſtri non naſceranno animali uelenoſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2781" xml:space="preserve">quelli, che da piu alti luoghi
              <lb/>
            uerſo i liti ſe n’andranno per la nõ uſata ſalſugine ſi morranno; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2782" xml:space="preserve">lo eſſempio di queſte coſe ſi piglia dalle paludi Galli-
              <lb/>
            ce, che ſono intorno Altino. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2783" xml:space="preserve">Rauenna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2784" xml:space="preserve">Aquilegia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2785" xml:space="preserve">altre terre alle paludi uicine, che in quei luoghi ſono, le qua-
              <lb/>
            li per queſte ragioni hanno una incredibil ſalubrità di aere; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2786" xml:space="preserve">ma quelle parti, che hanno le paludi baſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2787" xml:space="preserve">non hanno
              <lb/>
            uſcite, nè per fiumane, nè per foſſe, come ſon le paludi Pontine, ſtando ferme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2788" xml:space="preserve">non hauendo corſo ſi putrefanno,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2789" xml:space="preserve">fuori mandano in quei luoghi humori graui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2790" xml:space="preserve">peſtilenti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2791" xml:space="preserve">Nella Puglia l’antica Salapia, che da Diomede nel ritor-
              <lb/>
            no da Troia fu fabricata, ò uerò (come altri dice) de Elfia Rhodiotto, in tai luoghi era poſta, onde gli habitanti infer-
              <lb/>
            mandoſi ognianno andarono finalmente à M. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2792" xml:space="preserve">Hoſtilio: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2793" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2794" xml:space="preserve">da lui per publico nome chiedendo impetrarono, che egli
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0033-05" xlink:href="note-0033-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            luogo idoneo gli trouaſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2795" xml:space="preserve">eleggeſſe à fabricar la Città, non ritardò. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2796" xml:space="preserve">M. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2797" xml:space="preserve">Hoſtilio, ma preſto con gran dottrina in-
              <lb/>
            ueſtigãdo le Regioni appreſſo il mare in luogo ſano, comprò una poſſesſione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2798" xml:space="preserve">chieſe dal Sen, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2799" xml:space="preserve">Pop. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2800" xml:space="preserve">Rom. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2801" xml:space="preserve">che le-
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            cito foſſe trapportare la Città, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2802" xml:space="preserve">coſi fece le mura, diuiſe il piano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2803" xml:space="preserve">fatte le parti uendette à ciaſcuno habitãte la ſua
              <lb/>
            per due libre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2804" xml:space="preserve">mezzo d’argento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2805" xml:space="preserve">poi aperſe il lago nel mare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2806" xml:space="preserve">feceil porto di eſſo lago con i doni conccsſi, la o-
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            ue i Salapini per quattro miglia lontani dalla loro antica Cittàhabitano in luogo ſano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2807" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2808" xml:space="preserve">Vna gran parte del ſettimo della Rep. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2809" xml:space="preserve">d’Ariſtot. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2810" xml:space="preserve">tratta di quello, che ſi contiene in questo Cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2811" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2812" xml:space="preserve">ne gli altri ſeguenti del preſente Libro, ma noi
              <lb/>
            non uogliamo à pompa empire i ſogli, ne diſputar ſottilmente delle coſe dette da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2813" xml:space="preserve">nelle quali egli ha uoluto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2814" xml:space="preserve">Medico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2815" xml:space="preserve">Filoſofo eſſere
              <lb/>
            ſtimato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2816" xml:space="preserve">lo deſcriuerei l’herba Aſplenon i luoghi di Cãdia, doue ella naſce co’ nomi antichi, et moderni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2817" xml:space="preserve">dmoſtrerei in pittura il ſito, et la Re
              <lb/>
            gione, nella quale eſſer deue collocata una Città. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2818" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche io intendo, che altri ſi pigliano queſta fatica, uolentieri la laſciero à loro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2819" xml:space="preserve">Circa l’Hi
              <lb/>
            ſtorie uoglio creder à Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2820" xml:space="preserve">perche nõ par conueniente conſermare i detti di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2821" xml:space="preserve">cõ autorità di Plinio, ò d’altro, che ſorſe ha pigliato da Vitr.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2822" xml:space="preserve">
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0033-06" xlink:href="note-0033-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            quello, che gli ha ſcritto, é aſſai, che Leonbatista con ogni diligenza raccolto habbia molte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2823" xml:space="preserve">diuerſe coſe ad un propoſito, che poſſono ſatisfa
              <lb/>
            re à curioſi di ſaper piu oltra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2824" xml:space="preserve">ciò detto ſia per ogni altra occaſione, che mi poſſa uenire, leggi Leonbatista al ſecondo del quario.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2825" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div82" type="section" level="1" n="8">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head7" xml:space="preserve">DELLE FONDAMENTA DELLE MVRAGLIE, ET
            <lb/>
          DELLE TORRI. CAP. V.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2826" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">QVando</emph>
            adunque con queſte ragioni eſpoſta ſarà la ſalubrita de i luoghi, doue ſi hanno à fare le
              <lb/>
            cinte della mnra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2827" xml:space="preserve">che per ſouuegno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2828" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2829" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo trattato Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2830" xml:space="preserve">della Regione, et delle ſue qualita, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2831" xml:space="preserve">buone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2832" xml:space="preserve">ree, acciò che laſciãdo queſte abbracciamo quelle,
              <lb/>
            hora uuole trattare di quella parte, che noi dicemo di ſopra eſſer certa, et terminata, nè coſi ampia, et ſpacioſa, come è la Re
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0033-07" xlink:href="note-0033-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            gione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2833" xml:space="preserve">Comincia adunque à rinchiuderla ne, i, termini ſuoi con le muraglie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2834" xml:space="preserve">tratta delle ſondamenta di quelle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2835" xml:space="preserve">delle
              <lb/>
            torri, riguardando al commodo, alla diſeſa, alla ſermezza dell’opera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2836" xml:space="preserve">conſiderando il fine, come ſi deue in ogni operatio-
              <lb/>
            ne. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2837" xml:space="preserve">Tratta adunque in questo Cap della circonſcrettione di una parte della Regione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2838" xml:space="preserve">però tratta delle mura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2839" xml:space="preserve">Nella diuiſione dell’ Architet-
              <lb/>
            tura detto hauemo la necesſità di ſar le muraglie, hora ſi tratta delle fondamenta di quelle, delle parti loro, della ſorma, della groſſezza, delle tor
              <lb/>
            ri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2840" xml:space="preserve">figure loro, prẽdendo il tutto dal fine. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2841" xml:space="preserve">Ma per applicare alle coſe, i, Principi loro, io dico, che egli biſogna hauere le idee della Diſpoſitio
              <lb/>
            ne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2842" xml:space="preserve">i termini loro, acciò che il tutto ſia preuiſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2843" xml:space="preserve">prima conſiderato, uenireino adunque alla pianta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2844" xml:space="preserve">I termini di eſſa ſi fanno con linee, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2845" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            anguli, quella parte del piano ſottopoſto, che tra due linee ſi cõtiene toccandoſi quelle, è angulo nominata, et però quattro anguli ſi fanno da </s>
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