Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div419" type="section" level="1" n="59">
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13579" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="162" file="0172" n="181" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            gli huomini, con destrezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13580" xml:space="preserve">ammdestramento mirabili opporſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13581" xml:space="preserve">far le caccie:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13582" xml:space="preserve">nel reſtante gli A mphitheatri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13583" xml:space="preserve">quanto all uſcite, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13584" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            quanto all’entrate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13585" xml:space="preserve">alle ſalite con i Theatri conuengono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13586" xml:space="preserve">Qui i gladiatori haueuano luogo, qui s’induceua ancho l’acqua, per glieſſercuij
              <lb/>
            nauali, ne fu mai il maggiore di quello, che hoggiſi chiama il Coliſeo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13587" xml:space="preserve">Solamĕte (come ho detto)ſe gli leuano i cinque cunei che ſi dauano alla
              <lb/>
            ſcena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13588" xml:space="preserve">ſi commettono inſieme i ſette del Theatro,per ilche ne naſce la forma ouale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13589" xml:space="preserve">però Curione ne i ſuoi Theatri di legno leuaua le
              <lb/>
            ſcene, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13590" xml:space="preserve">riuoltauagli con le corna loro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13591" xml:space="preserve">gli uniua à forza di Machine, ilche come ſi poteua fare dimoſtra il Gardano in nel libro delle
              <lb/>
              <figure xlink:label="fig-0172-01" xlink:href="fig-0172-01a" number="90">
                <variables xml:id="echoid-variables29" xml:space="preserve">E B C D F A</variables>
              </figure>
            ſottilità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13592" xml:space="preserve">difficilmente per uia di archi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13593" xml:space="preserve">corde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13594" xml:space="preserve">la figura ſua è qui al lato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13595" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13596" xml:space="preserve">Io conſiderando, che Plinio uuole, che ciaſcuno ſi moueſſe ſopra un Perno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13597" xml:space="preserve">che di due Theatri ſi fa-
              <lb/>
            ceſſe uno A mphitheatro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13598" xml:space="preserve">uedendo non meno audacia, che ingegno in tanta opera conſiderai molte
              <lb/>
            coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13599" xml:space="preserve">trouando difficultà grande ſecondo il mio par ere, mentre io ſtaua in queſta conſideratione
              <lb/>
            mi ſoprauenne l’ingenioſo Meſſer Franceſco Marcolini, colquale communicando il mio penſiero egli
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0172-01" xlink:href="note-0172-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            con la prontezza con laquale troua i modi di ſciogliere ogni queſito, facilmente moſtrò, che facendo
              <lb/>
            i centri doue andauano i Perm ne l’un capo del Diametro della Orchestra, i Theatri ſi ſarebbon ucl-
              <lb/>
            tati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13600" xml:space="preserve">riuoltati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13601" xml:space="preserve">congiunti inſieme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13602" xml:space="preserve">fattone la proua con le piante de i Theatri quiui de-
              <lb/>
            ſcritti riuſcì mirabilmente, aggiugnendo che in piu luoghi ſi doueuano porre de i ruotoli di Bron-
              <lb/>
            zo grosſi, accioche i Theatri fuſſero da quelli ſoſtentati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13603" xml:space="preserve">portati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13604" xml:space="preserve">con facilità riuoltali.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13605" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13606" xml:space="preserve">Biſogna adunque porre i Perni in dritta linea in ciaſcun Theatro giustamente ſopra l’un capo del
              <lb/>
            Diametro della Orcheſtra; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13607" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13608" xml:space="preserve">ſar girare con inſtrumenti ſufficienti ſopra i ditti ruotoli quei gran
              <lb/>
            peſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13609" xml:space="preserve">riuſcirà.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13610" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13611" xml:space="preserve">Il Circo, e come un Theatro, ma con le corna slongate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13612" xml:space="preserve">egualmente distanti l’una dall’altra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13613" xml:space="preserve">Et di ſua
              <lb/>
            natura non ha portichi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13614" xml:space="preserve">dicono che il Circo fu fatto ad imitatione delle coſe celeſti, pero haueua do-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0172-02" xlink:href="note-0172-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            dici entrate per li dodici ſegni, ſegni, ſette me@e termini da i ſette pianeti, da Leuante a Ponente per mezzo à longo del piano molto diſtanti l’una
              <lb/>
            dall’altra, doue le carrette da due, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13615" xml:space="preserve">da quattro ruoti correndo, andauano per mezzo gli ſpacij del Circo, come diſcorre il Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13616" xml:space="preserve">la Lu-
              <lb/>
            na ſotto il Zodiaco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13617" xml:space="preserve">non piu di uentiquattro dardi uſauano per le uentiquattro hore, che è unariuolutione del Cielo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13618" xml:space="preserve">Erano diuiſi quel-
              <lb/>
            le, che correuano in quatiro liuree con colori diſtintirappreſentando col uerde la primauera, colroſato la ſlate, colbianco l’Autunno, col
              <lb/>
            foſco il uerno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13619" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13620" xml:space="preserve">Tre erano le mete principali, piu honorata quella di mezzo, le eſtreme erano Colosſi, le trammezzate colonne, òmetà minori, la parte doue ſi
              <lb/>
            cominciaua il corſo era detta carcere, noi chiamamo le moſſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13621" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13622" xml:space="preserve">Il maggiore, che ſia ſtato fatto è quello, che fin hora ſi chiama il circo Masſimo, che già ſi stendeua appreſſo quattrocento e cinquanta pasſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13623" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            s’allargaua 1 2 5. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13624" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13625" xml:space="preserve">ui poteuano ſtare aggiatamente 26000. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13626" xml:space="preserve">perſone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13627" xml:space="preserve">à poco crebbe in adornamento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13628" xml:space="preserve">grandezza, che era coſa
              <lb/>
            mirabile, come Liuio, Suetonio, Tacito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13629" xml:space="preserve">gli altri ſcriuono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13630" xml:space="preserve">di queſte antichit à il diligentisſimo meſſer Pirro Ligori, ne è tanto itſtrut
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0172-03" xlink:href="note-0172-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            to, quanto altro, che ſitroui, al quale ſi deono infinite gratie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13631" xml:space="preserve">immortali per lo ſtudio che cgli ha ſatto, e fa ſcpra le coſe antiche à bene-
              <lb/>
            ficio del mondo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13632" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div427" type="section" level="1" n="60">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head60" xml:space="preserve">CAP. XII. DE I PORTI, ET DE GLI EDIFICI CHE
            <lb/>
          NELL’ACQVA SI DEONO FARE.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13633" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">Egli</emph>
            non ſi deue laſciar di dire delle commodità de i porti, ma biſogna dichiarire, con che ragione
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0172-04" xlink:href="note-0172-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ſiano le naui in quelli dalle fortune ficure. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13634" xml:space="preserve">Quefti adunque ſe fono naturalmente poſti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13635" xml:space="preserve">che
              <lb/>
            habbiano Promontori, ò capifopra l’acqua, ſi che per la natura del luogo s’ingolfino, hanno gran
              <lb/>
            disſime utilità, perche d’intorno s’hanno à fare i portichi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13636" xml:space="preserve">i nauali, ouero da i portichi l’entra-
              <lb/>
            ta à i fondachi, ò dogane, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13637" xml:space="preserve">dell’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13638" xml:space="preserve">l’altra parte ſi deono fare le torri, dallequali ſi posſino ti
              <lb/>
            rare le catene con gli ſtrumenti dell’una all’altra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13639" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13640" xml:space="preserve">Ma s’egli non ſi hauerà luogo per natura idoneo da asſicurar le naui dalle fortune, in queſto modo ſi deue fare: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13641" xml:space="preserve">che ſe
              <lb/>
            egli non ci ſarà fiume, che impediſca, ma da una parte ſarà la ſtatione, cioè il luogo doue ſicuramente ſtanno le na
              <lb/>
            ui, che noi dicemo buon ſorgitore, allhora dall’altra con gli argini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13642" xml:space="preserve">con le fabriche ſi uenirà in fuori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13643" xml:space="preserve">ſi farà pro
              <lb/>
            greſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13644" xml:space="preserve">coſi ſi rinchiuderanno i porti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13645" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13646" xml:space="preserve">Il fine del Porto è ſicurar le naui da i uenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13647" xml:space="preserve">dalle fortune, il porto eſſer deue ſicuro, e capace. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13648" xml:space="preserve">Queſta ſicurtà ouero è naturale, ouero aiu-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0172-05" xlink:href="note-0172-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            tata dall’ arte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13649" xml:space="preserve">La natur ale dipende dal ſito del luogo, quando il luogo è ingolfato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13650" xml:space="preserve">in arcato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13651" xml:space="preserve">fa le corna come la Luna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13652" xml:space="preserve">i capi alti uen
              <lb/>
            gono in fuori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13653" xml:space="preserve">i lati difendono il golfo da i uenti, ne ſi puo dire quanto gioua un ſito tale, perche prima è ſicuro, dapoi è commodo, per-
              <lb/>
            che nella curuatura ſi fanno i luoghi da ſaluare le mercantie, ci ſono i ſondachi, le Dogane, i Bazzarri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13654" xml:space="preserve">altri luoghi opportuni.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13655" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13656" xml:space="preserve">E un ſito naturale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13657" xml:space="preserve">commodo nella Scotia doue è üno Porto, ò Golfo, che ſi chiama Sicherſand, cioè Arena di ſalute, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13658" xml:space="preserve">porto tranquillo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13659" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13660" xml:space="preserve">Queſto non ha Venetia, ma la poca ſicurtà del porto, e la molta ſicurtà della Terra, uengono però le naui nella Laguna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13661" xml:space="preserve">iui ſi ſaluano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13662" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13663" xml:space="preserve">Quando adunque ſi hauer à da natura il ſito poca fatica ci uole, il porto è ſicuro per la bocca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13664" xml:space="preserve">per le rocche, e per li fianchi, ma quando que-
              <lb/>
            ſto non ſi poſſa hauere, biſogna ricorrere all’arte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13665" xml:space="preserve">però Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13666" xml:space="preserve">ce lo inſegna, dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13667" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13668" xml:space="preserve">Ma quelle fabriche, che ſi hanno à fare nell’acqua coſi pare che ſi habbiano à reggere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13669" xml:space="preserve">Biſogna prima portare la polue
              <lb/>
            da quelle parti, che ſono dalle Cume ſin al Promontoro di Minerua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13670" xml:space="preserve">meſcolarla nel mortaio, in modo, che due ad
              <lb/>
            una riſpondino. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13671" xml:space="preserve">Poi la doue ſi hauerà deliberato di fabricare, poner biſogna nell’acqua le caſſe di rouere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13672" xml:space="preserve">con ca-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0172-06" xlink:href="note-0172-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            tene rin chiuſe mandarle in giu, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13673" xml:space="preserve">tenerle à fondo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13674" xml:space="preserve">Dapoi quella parte, che ferà tra le caſſe al baſlo, ſott’acqua, ſi deo-
              <lb/>
            no pianare, è purgare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13675" xml:space="preserve">iui gettarui di quella materia meſcolata nel mortaio con la miſura data di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13676" xml:space="preserve">con
              <lb/>
            cementi fino, che ſi empia lo ſpacio, che ſi deue murare, quello dico, che è tra le caſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13677" xml:space="preserve">queſto dono di natura
              <lb/>
            hanno que luoghi, che hauemo detto di ſopra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13678" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13679" xml:space="preserve">Qui Puſo della Pozzolana è mirabile come Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13680" xml:space="preserve">ci ha detto nel ſecondo libro al ſeſto capo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13681" xml:space="preserve">Doue adunque ſià, che posſiamo hauer copia di
              <lb/>
            Pozzolana, poneremo due parti di quella, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13682" xml:space="preserve">una di calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13683" xml:space="preserve">faremo nella foſſa, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13684" xml:space="preserve">chiama mortario una buona paſta, e ben uol-
              <lb/>
            tata, e battuta, poi faremo delle cataratte è caſſe di legname dette arche da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13685" xml:space="preserve">et queſte ſeranno di buon rouere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13686" xml:space="preserve">ſi fanno in queſto modo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13687" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13688" xml:space="preserve">Prendi delle traui ben iſpianate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13689" xml:space="preserve">per la loro longhezza da una teſta all’altra farai di ſolchi, ò canaletti larghi, ſecondo la larghezza del ta-
              <lb/>
            glio delle tauole, che dentro ui metterai, queſte tauole eſſer deono di eguale grandezza, egroſſezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13690" xml:space="preserve">con le teſte loro ne i canali gia fat-
              <lb/>
            t uncaſtrate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13691" xml:space="preserve">in queſto modo stando le traui dritte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13692" xml:space="preserve">con giuſti ſpacij lontane una dall’altra, perche piu di due traui per lato ſi drizza-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0172-07" xlink:href="note-0172-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            no, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13693" xml:space="preserve">incatenate le tauole fermamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13694" xml:space="preserve">otturate le commiſſure ſi manderanno giu con peſi à forza nel fondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13695" xml:space="preserve">ſi teniranno ferme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13696" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            immobili, oltra di questo lo ſpacio rinchiuſo tra le cataratte ſi uoter à conruote, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13697" xml:space="preserve">altre machine da leuare l’acque, dellequali Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13698" xml:space="preserve">ne parla
              <lb/>
            nel decimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13699" xml:space="preserve">il luogo ſi far à piano egualmente, e netto, ſopra trauicelli, ò Zatte, ò Pali commodamente, ordinate queſte coſe me-
              <lb/>
            ſcolate nella foſſa doue hauerai preparata la ſopra detta materia de i Cementi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13700" xml:space="preserve">delle Pietre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13701" xml:space="preserve">di tutto quel corpo cauato della foſſa em-
              <lb/>
            pirai lo ſpatio purgato tra le Cataratte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13702" xml:space="preserve">in queſto modo far à preſa mirabile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13703" xml:space="preserve">riuſcir à l’opera fatta nell’acqua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13704" xml:space="preserve">ciò ſia, qnando caſo niu
              <lb/>
            no di acqua t’impediſca; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13705" xml:space="preserve">ma quando l’impeto del mare ti ſturbaſſe, odi Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13706" xml:space="preserve">che dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13707" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
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