Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <pb o="15" file="0019" n="19" rhead="PRIMO."/>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1284" xml:space="preserve">Dapoi conoſcere è dibiſogno la ragione ciuile in quanto è neceſſaria à i pareti de gli edifici communiallo ſpatio delle
              <lb/>
            gronde, de i tetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1285" xml:space="preserve">delle chiauiche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1286" xml:space="preserve">de i lumi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1287" xml:space="preserve">anchora de i condotti dell’acque, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1288" xml:space="preserve">altre ſimighanti coſe hauer
              <lb/>
            biſogna conoſcimento, accioche ſi guardino prima, che comincino di non mettere in lite i padri di famiglia, dipoi
              <lb/>
            che haueranno l’opere conſumate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1289" xml:space="preserve">acciò, che nel fare de patti con prudenza prouedino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1290" xml:space="preserve">à chi toglie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1291" xml:space="preserve">à chi
              <lb/>
            da à pigione, perche ſe il patto ſarà ben fatto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1292" xml:space="preserve">chiaro, auuerrà, che quello da queſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1293" xml:space="preserve">queſto da quello ſi potrà
              <lb/>
            ſenza fraude liberare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1294" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1295" xml:space="preserve">Qui Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1296" xml:space="preserve">dichiara quello che egli diſſe di ſopra appartenere alla fedeltà, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1297" xml:space="preserve">giuſtitia dell’Architetto, dico adunque che quella parte di Filoſo-
              <lb/>
            fia, che ci da laregola del ben uiuere, tratta di diuerſe maniere di beni, tra quali è la uirtù de coſtumi, poſta nella parte ragioneuole, ò uero
              <lb/>
            in quella, che alla ragione ubidiſce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1298" xml:space="preserve">In queſta parte di Filoſofia ſi tratta de gl’affetti humani, delle potenze dell’anima, nellequali ſono gl’af-
              <lb/>
            fetti, de gli habiti di quelle potenze, ſieno quegli eccesſi, ò mancamenti, ò mediocritati: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1299" xml:space="preserve">trattaſi ancho dell’arbitrio, della elettione, del con-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0019-01" xlink:href="note-0019-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            ſiglio, dell’appetito, in cui è la cupidigia, l’ira, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1300" xml:space="preserve">la uoglia: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1301" xml:space="preserve">trattaſi delle coſe, che uogliono alle uirtuti asſimigliarſi, ò uero, che di quelle
              <lb/>
            principij ſono, per le quali coſe l’huomo è baſteuole à ſe ſteſſo: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1302" xml:space="preserve">dapoi riguarda il prosſimo ſuo come parte di ſua famiglia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1303" xml:space="preserve">come parte di
              <lb/>
            ſuo uniuerſal gouerno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1304" xml:space="preserve">nella famiglia ritroua l’ufficio del Patrone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1305" xml:space="preserve">del ſeruo, della Moglie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1306" xml:space="preserve">del Marito, del Padre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1307" xml:space="preserve">del figliuo-
              <lb/>
            lo, acquista, diſpenſa, uſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1308" xml:space="preserve">adorna il tutto, ma nella ciuile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1309" xml:space="preserve">publica amminiſtratione contenuta da un ſolo, ò da grandi, ò da molti con
              <lb/>
            legittimo reggimento, ucde i ſaggi eſſere in uece di ragione, i Soldati in luogo d’iracundia gli arteſici in cambio della cupidigia, che ſi troua
              <lb/>
            in noi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1310" xml:space="preserve">De i ſaggi ſi fanno i Capi, i Magiſtrati, i Sacerdoti, i Senatori, i Giudici, ne i quali ha ſondamento la ragion ciuile, perciò, che da
              <lb/>
            quelli ſi fanno le leggi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1311" xml:space="preserve">le eſſecutioni, perche altro non è ragion ciuile, che quella che, è fatta da ciaſcuna Città ſecondo il fine del propio
              <lb/>
            gouerno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1312" xml:space="preserve">La ſomma di queſta ragione è raccolta ne i libri delle Pandette, che coſi chiamate ſono, perche raccolgono tutte le parti della ra-
              <lb/>
            gion ciuile: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1313" xml:space="preserve">la doue ſotto il primo titolo ſi ragunano i Principi, ſotto il ſecondo i Giudicij, ſotto il terzo le Coſe, ſotto il quarto le Hypoteca-
              <lb/>
            tion, ſotto il quinto i Testamenti con le coſe à quelli appartenenti, ſotto il ſeſto uarij Titoli delle Poſſesſioni de i beni cogniti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1314" xml:space="preserve">i danni, le fabri-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0019-02" xlink:href="note-0019-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            che rouinate, le inſidie di quelle, la legge delle gronde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1315" xml:space="preserve">dell’ acqua piouana, parte all’ Architetto neceſſaria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1316" xml:space="preserve">finalmente ſono altri capi,
              <lb/>
            che lungo ſarebbe à nominarli. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1317" xml:space="preserve">Nell’ultimo titolo ſono le ſtipulationi, i contratti, i malleuadori, l’opere publiche, imercati, i cenſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1318" xml:space="preserve">al-
              <lb/>
            tre coſe ne i grandi uolumi de Legiſti compreſe, delle quali ſecondo il biſogno eſſer ne deue l’ Architetto ammaeſtrato, come di coſe pertinenti
              <lb/>
            al uiuer in pace, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1319" xml:space="preserve">ſenza litigio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1320" xml:space="preserve">Ma piu alto ſalire, è, neceſſario per bene de gl’ Huomini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1321" xml:space="preserve">però dice Vitr.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1322" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1323" xml:space="preserve">Dalla Aſtrologia ueramente ſi conoſce il Leuante, il Ponente, il Meriggie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1324" xml:space="preserve">il Settentrione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1325" xml:space="preserve">la ragione del Cielo, lo
              <lb/>
            Equinottio, il Soleſtitio, i corſi delle Stelle, la notitia delle quai coſe chi non ha, non può ſapere la ragione de gli
              <lb/>
            Horologij.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1326" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1327" xml:space="preserve">Vna delle parti principali dell’ Architettura è come ſi uede al terzo cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1328" xml:space="preserve">del Primo Libro, circa l’ombre cauſate dal Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1329" xml:space="preserve">da gli ſtili neceſſa-
              <lb/>
            ri à fare gl’ Horologij da Sole, di queſta cognitione è ripieno con marauiglioſa dottrina il Nono Libro di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1330" xml:space="preserve">nel quale ſi uede ancho l’altra
              <lb/>
            parte dell’ Aſtrologia, che conſidera le eleuationi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1331" xml:space="preserve">le diſtantie de i Pianeti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1332" xml:space="preserve">delle Stelle, alle quali aſpetta la inuentione dell’ Aſtrolabio,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0019-03" xlink:href="note-0019-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            come ſi dirà poi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1333" xml:space="preserve">Quanto ueramente appartiene à quella parte, che da gl’aſcendenti nel naſcer noſtro comprende i ſuccesſi delle future coſe
              <lb/>
            niuno uſo ſi troua nell’ Architettura, ſaluo ſe noi non uogliamo cercare alcune occulte qualità de i luoghi, le cognitioni delle quali non ad al-
              <lb/>
            tro, che à gliordini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1334" xml:space="preserve">influsſi de Pianeti reſerire ſi poſſono, ma non è lecito per lo amore, che ſi porta all’ Architettura eſſer curioſi di tan-
              <lb/>
            te cognitioni, che non meno dubie, che inutili (ſalua la pace di chi altrimenti crede) eſſer ueggiamo, però qui ſia fine delle proue poſte da
              <lb/>
            Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1335" xml:space="preserve">per dimostrare tanta diuerſità di arti eſſer neceſſaria allo Architetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1336" xml:space="preserve">però conchiude dalle conditioni dell’ Architettura quale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1337" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            chi ſi deue Architetto nominare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1338" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1339" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo adunque coſi degna diſciplina ornata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1340" xml:space="preserve">copioſa di tante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1341" xml:space="preserve">ſi diuerſe dottrine, io non penſo, che alcuno di
              <lb/>
            ſubito poſſa ragioneuolmente chiamarfi Architetto, ſe con queſti gradi di ſcienze à poco à poco ſalendo ſin da i te-
              <lb/>
            neri anni nodrito della cognitione di uarie ſorte di lettete non peruerrà al colmo della Architettura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1342" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1343" xml:space="preserve">Quanto uero ſia, che lodar non ſi debbia coſa alcuna, prima che egli dimoſtrato non ſi habbia, quello, che ella è, chiaramente ſi uede per le coſe
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0019-04" xlink:href="note-0019-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            fin’hora dichiarate, perciò che niuno hauerebbe degnamente potuto lodare l’ Architettura ſenza la cognitione della natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1344" xml:space="preserve">delle propietà,
              <lb/>
            che le conuengono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1345" xml:space="preserve">ſe ſcioccamente egli posto s’haueſſe à lodarla, prima ſaputo non hauerebbe, poi non gli ſarebbe stato creduto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1346" xml:space="preserve">fi-
              <lb/>
            nalmeute costretto à renderne ragione fuggito ſarebbe, ò uero à ſe ſteſſo contradetto hauria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1347" xml:space="preserve">in queſto caſo con gli ignoranti al pari ſareb-
              <lb/>
            be ſtato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1348" xml:space="preserve">Ma prouiamo noi ſe con ragione posſiamo lodare l’ Architettura, ſi ueramente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1349" xml:space="preserve">primo quanto alla cognitione, poi quanto al-
              <lb/>
            l’operationi, perche nel conoſcimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1350" xml:space="preserve">nel giudicio ella può eſſere con la Sapienza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1351" xml:space="preserve">con la prudenza, meritamente paragonata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1352" xml:space="preserve">per
              <lb/>
            l’operare tra le arti come Heroica Virtù chiaramente riluce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1353" xml:space="preserve">Mirabil coſa è il potere à cõmune beneficio raunare gl’huomini rozzi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1354" xml:space="preserve">quelli
              <lb/>
            ridurre al culto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1355" xml:space="preserve">alla diſciplina, ſicuri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1356" xml:space="preserve">tranquilli nelle Città, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1357" xml:space="preserve">nelle fortezze: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1358" xml:space="preserve">poi con maggior uiolenza fatta alla natura tagliare le
              <lb/>
            Rupi, forare i Monti, empire le Valli, ſeccare le Paludi, fabricare le Naui, drizzar i Fiumi, munire i Porti, gettare i Ponti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1359" xml:space="preserve">ſuperar la
              <lb/>
            ſteſſa Natura, in quelle coſe, che noi uinti ſiamo leuando peſi immenſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1360" xml:space="preserve">ſatisfacendo in parte al deſiderio innato della Eternita, dilettando
              <lb/>
            chi nõfabrica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1361" xml:space="preserve">molto piu chi fabrica, ornando i Regni, le Prouincie, il Mondo, per ilche ſi può dire di eſſa, che molto piu ſi puote con l’ani-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0019-05" xlink:href="note-0019-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            mo penſarne, che con la penna ſcriuerne, ò con la lingua ragionarne; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1362" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche alcuno piu oltre non ſapendo può dinanzi à gl’occhi l’in-
              <lb/>
            finito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1363" xml:space="preserve">l’imposſibile proporſi, argumentando che non cape in animo Humano tanta cognitione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1364" xml:space="preserve">uarietà di Scienze, però Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1365" xml:space="preserve">ci dimo-
              <lb/>
            ſtra in che modo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1366" xml:space="preserve">inſino à che termine biſogna hauer le predette Scienze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1367" xml:space="preserve">dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1368" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1369" xml:space="preserve">Ma forſe à gli imperiti puo imposſibil coſa parere, che la Natura apprenda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1370" xml:space="preserve">s’arricordi tanto numero di dottrine.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1371" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1372" xml:space="preserve">Queſta è la dubitatione ſondata nel potere della Natura Humana come impotente à riceuere tanta uarietà di dottrine, ſcioglie la predetta dubita
              <lb/>
            tione Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1373" xml:space="preserve">in queſto modo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1374" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1375" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando auuertiranno bene, che tutte le dottrine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1376" xml:space="preserve">diſcipline tra ſe tengono una certa raccõmunanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1377" xml:space="preserve">cogni-
              <lb/>
            tione, uedranno quello, che io dico potere auuenire, per cio che tutto quello, che s’impara à guiſa di corpo di tai
              <lb/>
            membri compoſto in ſe ſteſſo ſi raggira, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1378" xml:space="preserve">però chi da i primi anni in uarij ammaeſtramenti ſi eſſercita, riconoſce,
              <lb/>
            in tutte ſorti di lettere i ſegni medeſimi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1379" xml:space="preserve">la raccõmunanza uede delle diſcipline, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1380" xml:space="preserve">per quella ſono atti, ad appren
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0019-06" xlink:href="note-0019-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            dere ogni coſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1381" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1382" xml:space="preserve">Diceua il dubbio, ò uero la obiettione quello effetto eſſere imposſibile, di cui la cagione è imposſibile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1383" xml:space="preserve">però non poter l’Huomo apprender tan
              <lb/>
            te arti perciò, che la cagione di apprenderle era imposſibile: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1384" xml:space="preserve">la cagione era la uirtù dell’anima inſufficiente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1385" xml:space="preserve">incapace. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1386" xml:space="preserve">Riſponde Vitr.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1387" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1388" xml:space="preserve">dice argomentando, che posſibile è quello effetto, il modo del quale è posſibile, però è posſibille che l’Huomo adornato ſia di uarie dottri-
              <lb/>
            ne, perciò che il modo è posſibile. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1389" xml:space="preserve">Il modo ueramente è che hauendo le Scienze una certa raccomunanza tra loro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1390" xml:space="preserve">quaſi in giro l’una nel-
              <lb/>
            l’altra mouendoſi per alcune ſimiglianze di coſe, non è imposſibile à chi per tempo comincia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1391" xml:space="preserve">s’affatica riconoſcere la ditta ſimiglianza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1392" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            fare di piu coſe ſimiglianti lo ſteſſo giuditio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1393" xml:space="preserve">però può eſſere un termine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1394" xml:space="preserve">una ſobrieta (diro coſi) di ſapere, che hauendo noi quanto ci
              <lb/>
            ſa, posſiamo commodamente ſeruirci. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1395" xml:space="preserve">Vedremo diſotto per eſſempio quello, che hora s’è detto, fin tanto Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1396" xml:space="preserve">riprende Pythio Architetto,
              <lb/>
            ilquale haueua oppinione, che l’ Architetto poteſſe meglio in ogni arte partitamente, che i propij arteſici, dice adunque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1397" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1398" xml:space="preserve">Et però Pythio uno de gl’antichi Architetti, quello che in Pirene ſi nobilmente fece il Tempio di Minerua, dice ne i
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0019-07" xlink:href="note-0019-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            ſuoi Commentarij, che l’Architetto piu deue potere operare in tutte l’arti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1399" xml:space="preserve">dottrine, che quelli, iquali ciaſcuna co-
              <lb/>
            ſa con loro induſtria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1400" xml:space="preserve">eſſercitio hanno al ſommo della eccellenza, condotto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1401" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1402" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1403" xml:space="preserve">appoſta la riprenſione di Pythio, argomenta contra di eſſo con uarie ragioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1404" xml:space="preserve">prima dalla eſperienza, dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1405" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1406" xml:space="preserve">Ma queſto con effetto non ſi uede, perche non deue, ne può lo Architetto eſſere come Ariſtarcho perito della Gram-
              <lb/>
            matica, ma bene non ſenza letteratura, ne come Ariſtoxeno Muſico, ma non lontano dalla Muſica; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1407" xml:space="preserve">ne Pittore co-
              <lb/>
            me Appelle, pure habbia diſſegno, ne qual Mirone Statuario, ò Policleto lauoratore di Stucchi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1408" xml:space="preserve">ma non </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
Impressum