Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[61] FORI DESCRIPTIO.Z. euria.C. Platea ante carceres.D. platea ante ærarium.G. Eaſilica. G D B C
[62] SCIOGRATHI@B
[63] @SILIC AE
[64] ICHNOGRAPHIABASILIC AE
[65] Lateris Laſilicæ orthographia, cuius ſignum A, cum ſigno B præcedentis diagrammatis coniungendum.A
[66] Veſtigium Baſilicæ A. ædisAuguſtæ B. pronaum C.Tribunal D. Baſilicæ pa-ries E, F, G, H. Aedisparies I, K L, M. pa-rastatæ poſt columnas N. I K D 15 @ ped 46 B L M C E H * n n n pedes 60 *@20 * * * pedes cxx * F G
[67] In orthog ra-phia uero columnæ I, paraſta-tæ 20, pedum,2. prima porti-cus contignatio3. ſuperiores paraſtatæ 18. pe-dum 4. trabescantherium ſu-stinentes tectiporticus, quæ eſtinferior teſtudini5. columnæ e-rant Corinthiæ,trabes ex tribustignis bipedali-bus compactæ e-piſtylij loco poſi-tæ 6, pilæ tri-bus pedibus al-tæ, quaternisquoquo uerſuslatæ loco Zophori 7, aliæ tra-bes euerganeæcoronicis loco æ-diſicium præcin-gentes 8, pa-ries porticus circa baſilicam 9,pluteum primæporticus conti-gnationis 10.Lumina, o, tectaconſpiciuntur. 1 0 1 10 0 8 7 6 1 4 2 5 3
[68] HARMONICVM.dieſisdieſisditonus.
[69] CHROMATICVM.bemiton.bemiton.trihemit.
[70] DIATONICVM.hemiton.tonustonus.
[71] EXEMPLVM MONOCHORDI.VniſonumTonusSemitoniumDitonusSemiditonusTuo no
[72] Harmoni cum 92 1 {1/4} 1 {1/23} 1 {1/45} 69 15 8 216 345 360 368
[73] chrona molle 70 1 {I/15} 1 {r/14} 1 {I/27} 42 18 10 210 252 270 280
[74] Chromat non languid. 22 1 {r/6} 1 {I/11} 1 {I/21} II 7 4 66 77 84 88
[75] Diatonic nolle 21 1 {r/7} 1 {I/9} 1 {r/20} 9 8 4 63 72 80 84
[76] Molle inten tum 56 1 {I/8} 1 {I/7} 1 {I/27} 21 27 8 168 189 216 224
[77] Aquale 3 1 {I/9} 1 {I/10} 1 {I/11} 1 1 1 9 10 11 12
[78] Sintonu 24 1 {I/9} 1 {I/8} 1 {I/15} 8 10 6 72 80 90 96
[79] Diatonihem 64 {I/8} 1 {r/8} 24 27 13 192 216 243 286
[80] Hæc iam nota ſunt ex prædictis, & ex ſequenti figuratione.DiateſſaronquartaſeſquitertiaDiapentequintaſeſquialtera.Semitonium cum diapente.Sexta minorTonus cum diapenteSexta maior.Semiditonus cum diapenteSeptima minor.Diapaſonoctauadiſdiapaſon.diapaſon con diapentediapaſondiapentediateſſaron 18 16 12 8 6
[81] Diateſſ. Diapente Diat. Diat. Diat.meseSumma regio diatonimedia regio chrom.Ima regio bannonproslamua nomenos Lycanosmeſonparanete ſymemenõparanete di ezeugmenõparanete hyperboleõparameſe parhypate hypateon parhypate meſon Trite ſynne menonTrite dieze ugmenonTrite hy-perboleonHypate meſon. Meſenete ſynne-menon parameſenete diezeu gmenon nete hyper-boleon.
[Figure 82]
[Figure 83]
[Figure 84]
[Figure 85]
[Figure 86]
[87] @ESTIGIVM THEATRI GRAECORVM.P D E B R
[88] I. Laconicum.H. Tepidarium.K. Frigidarium.L. Labrum.I. Fistulæ vaporarie. L K h I
[89] a. Frigidarium.b. Tepidarium.C. caldarium.e. Laconicum.d. clypeus æneus.f. Tepidarium.g. frigidarium.i. fistulæ uaporariæ d g f e a b c
[90] VESTIGIVM PALAESTRAE.A. Ephœbeum.B. coriceum.C. conis̃terium.D. frigida lauatio.E. elæotheſium.F. frigidarium.G. propignæus.H. concamerata ſudatio.I. Laconicum.K. calda la-uatio.#L. porticus exterior.M. duplex porticus ad ſeptentrionem.N. porticus ubi athletæ exercebantur xyſtos dicta.O. platanones.P. hypethræ ambulationes, ubi æstate exercebantur athletæ.Q. ſtadium, in quo ſpectabantur athletæ.†. oriens.O. Auſter.P. occidens.♐. Septentrio.I. I. I. I. stationes. reliqua ſunt exedræ, & ſcholæ. cum periſtylijs. O N P L D C B A E F G H K M O
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              <s xml:id="echoid-s10767" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="126" file="514.01.158" n="158" rhead="LIBER"/>
              poſito in decuſſationis puncto in omnes quatuor partes transferenda est altitudo capituli, quæ partes quadra-
                <lb/>
              tum conſtituent, ſirectis lineis coniungantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10768" xml:space="preserve">tanta ergo erit latitudo capituli. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10769" xml:space="preserve">atque id eſt, quod Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10770" xml:space="preserve">dicit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10771" xml:space="preserve">{ Abaci latitudo ita habeat rationem, vt quanta fuerit altitudo, bis tanta ſit diagnonios ab angulo ad angu-
                <lb/>
              lum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10772" xml:space="preserve">} Frontes uero latitudinis incuruari debent, non enim directæ, quemadmodum in reliquorum capitulo-
                <lb/>
              rum abacis ducendæ ſunt, ſed ſinuandæ introrſus, ita ut in medijs frontibus nona pars totius latitudinis intror-
                <lb/>
              ſus cauetur, quod hoc modo fiet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10773" xml:space="preserve">linea frontis ſit a b, in nouem partes distributa, e quibus una ad medium
                <lb/>
              trasfertur, ubi d. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10774" xml:space="preserve">quæ ad perpendiculum cadat ſuper a b, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10775" xml:space="preserve">ſit illa, c, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10776" xml:space="preserve">qua ratione tribus datis pun-
                <lb/>
              ctis centrum inuenitur, per decuſſationem ubi ſunt literæ c. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10777" xml:space="preserve">g. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10778" xml:space="preserve">h. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10779" xml:space="preserve">eadem & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10780" xml:space="preserve">hoc loco datis punctis a, c,
                <lb/>
              b, centrum inueniatur per decuſſationes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10781" xml:space="preserve">Centrum igitur erit in linea c d. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10782" xml:space="preserve">ubi est litera f. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10783" xml:space="preserve">in quo poſito
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.158-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.158-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              circini pede, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10784" xml:space="preserve">diducto ad alterum extremorum punctorum a, uel b, ducatur linea circinationis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10785" xml:space="preserve">ita
                <lb/>
              ſinuabitur frons abaci, ita tamen ut non penitus ad extrema perueniat, id est ut cornua in angulum deſinant.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10786" xml:space="preserve">ita enim obſeruatum eſt in antiquis operibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10787" xml:space="preserve">Capitulum Corintbium eſt tanquam uas præaltum, imitabatur
                <lb/>
              enim calathum, ( de quo Vitr.) </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10788" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10789" xml:space="preserve">a fundo ad ſummum dilatatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10790" xml:space="preserve">ita nudum ab Italis campana a ſimilitu-
                <lb/>
              dine nominatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10791" xml:space="preserve">Fundus æquat ſummi ſcapi contractionem, labrum ſummum ampliatur, ut ait Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10792" xml:space="preserve">ſuper-
                <lb/>
              ueſtitur vas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10793" xml:space="preserve">calathus hoc modo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10794" xml:space="preserve">Diuiſa capituli altitudine in partes ſeptem, una ex ijs abaco relinquitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10795" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              reliquæ ſeptem in partes æquas tres diuiduntur, ima earum primo datur folio, media ſecundo folio, ſumma cau-
                <lb/>
              liculis, aut fustis, qui emittunt folia abacum complectentia, ita ut uolutæ, quæ a caulicorum folijs naſcun-
                <lb/>
              tur, ad extremos abaci angulos perueniant, ſed minores uolutæ, helicesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10796" xml:space="preserve">in interiorem partem ad medium ſub
                <lb/>
              flore flectantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10797" xml:space="preserve">Florestam alti ſint, quàm abacus craſſus eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10798" xml:space="preserve">ſed ut in antiquis operibus obſeruatum est lon
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.158-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.158-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              giores aliquanto, quàm altiores ſint. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10799" xml:space="preserve">opus eſt igitur bene deformare calathum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10800" xml:space="preserve">eum folijs ſuperueſtire, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10801" xml:space="preserve">a
                <lb/>
              folijs cauliculos eos enaſcentes ducere, a quibus minora folia emittuntur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10802" xml:space="preserve">a minoribus folijs maiores, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10803" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              minores uolutas exſurgere, maiores ad angulos abaci in ſe ſe conuolutas, minores ad medium abaci ſub flore
                <lb/>
              peruenire, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10804" xml:space="preserve">ita uenuſtatem habebit capituli ſymmetria. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10805" xml:space="preserve">Folia uero acanthum, brancam vrſinam uocant,
                <lb/>
              imitabuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10806" xml:space="preserve">Sunt & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10807" xml:space="preserve">alia foliorum genera, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10808" xml:space="preserve">ſigilla, quibus antiqui inj
                <unsure/>
              capitulorum ornamentis uſi ſunt,
                <lb/>
              quæ aliunde ſuas habent rationes, de quibus dicere longum eſſet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10809" xml:space="preserve">ſatis eſt oſtendiſſe fontes, unde capitulorum
                <lb/>
              Corinthiorum ornamenta, ingenio, ſolertiaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10810" xml:space="preserve">inuenta ſunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10811" xml:space="preserve">diagrammate capitulum deſcripſiſſe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10812" xml:space="preserve">ut pa-
                <lb/>
              tetinferius.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10813" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div380" type="section" level="2" n="68">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head69" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De ornamentis columnarum: # Cap. II.</head>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10814" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">QVoniam</emph>
              autem de generibus columnarum origines, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10815" xml:space="preserve">inuentiones ſupra ſunt ſcriptæ,
                <lb/>
              non alienum mihi uidetur ijs rationibus, de ornamentis eorum quemadmodum ſunt pro-
                <lb/>
              genita, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10816" xml:space="preserve">quibus principijs, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10817" xml:space="preserve">originibus inuenta, dicere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10818" xml:space="preserve">In ædificijs omnibus inſuper
                <lb/>
              collocatur materiatio, uarijs uocabulis nominata. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10819" xml:space="preserve">Ea autem uti in nominationibus, ita in
                <lb/>
              re uarias habet utilitates. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10820" xml:space="preserve">Trabes enim ſupra columnas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10821" xml:space="preserve">paraſtatas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10822" xml:space="preserve">antas ponuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10823" xml:space="preserve">In contigna-
                <lb/>
              tionibus tigna, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10824" xml:space="preserve">axes, ſub tectis, ſi maiora ſpatia ſunt, columen in ſummo faſtigio culminis, unde & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10825" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              columnæ dicuntur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10826" xml:space="preserve">tranſtra, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10827" xml:space="preserve">capreoli. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10828" xml:space="preserve">Si commoda columen, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10829" xml:space="preserve">cantherij prominentes ad extre-
                <lb/>
              mam ſubgrundationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10830" xml:space="preserve">ſupra cantherios templa, deinde inſuper ſub tegulas aſſeres ita prominentes,
                <lb/>
              uti parietes proiecturis eorum tegantur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10831" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10832" xml:space="preserve">Quemadmodum columnarum ornamenta ſuperiori libro proſequutus eſt Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10833" xml:space="preserve">ita hoc loco rationem reddit
                <lb/>
              ornamentorum omnium, quæ ſupra columnas collocantur, rationem, originem, inuentionem uocabulorumq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10834" xml:space="preserve">diuerſitatem eorum exequitur, quæ res maxima animaduerſione digna est, quam qui ignorant, neceſſe est in
                <lb/>
              maximos errores labi, qui ſciunt egregias comparant in operibus authoritates. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10835" xml:space="preserve">Certum igitur eſt ( ut ſæpe di-
                <lb/>
              xi ) a neceſſitate ad magnificentiam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10836" xml:space="preserve">luxum ædificationem pronectam fuiſſe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10837" xml:space="preserve">Natura nobis neceſſitatem
                <lb/>
              iniecit, ſed magnitudo animi decertans contentionibus ſuperare nitens, operum ſplendorem proſequuta eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10838" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Sed inuentiones, augumentaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10839" xml:space="preserve">operum, ijs rebus innitebantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10840" xml:space="preserve">quæ natura prius talia eſſe debebant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10841" xml:space="preserve">Ideo ni-
                <lb/>
              hil in ornamentis poſuere, cuius rationem plenè reddere non poſſent, ab ijs rebus deſumptam, quæ neceſſitate
                <lb/>
              prius factæ fuerant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10842" xml:space="preserve">Quod quomodo factum ſit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10843" xml:space="preserve">oſtendit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10844" xml:space="preserve">Erecta fronte, lateribusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10845" xml:space="preserve">earatione, qua di-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.158-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.158-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              ctum eſt, a fundamentis ad ſummos parietes oportebat contegere, ut finem ſuum ædes conſequentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10846" xml:space="preserve">In tecto
                <lb/>
              prouidendum erat, ut parietes continerentur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10847" xml:space="preserve">una colligarentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10848" xml:space="preserve">rectumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10849" xml:space="preserve">commode requieſceret. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10850" xml:space="preserve">Quare
                <lb/>
              ( ut hoc recte fiat) ſciendum est uniuerſum hoc opus materia conſtare, quæ materiatio dicitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10851" xml:space="preserve">Sciendum eſt
                <lb/>
              etiam quid quodque nomen in materiatione habeat, quis membrorum effectus, quis partium ſitus, quæ ratio
                <lb/>
              ſit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10852" xml:space="preserve">unde conſiderandum eſt quàm magnum illud ſpatium ſit, quod tegi debet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10853" xml:space="preserve">nam interdum magna, interdum
                <lb/>
              parua ſpatia ſunt, quemadmodum ædium poſtulat amplitudo; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10854" xml:space="preserve">ideo in tectorum colligationibus plura interdum,
                <lb/>
              interdum paucioru
                <unsure/>
              m
                <unsure/>
              artificia requiruntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10855" xml:space="preserve">Inſuper columnas, paraſtatas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10856" xml:space="preserve">antas trabes quædam paruæ col-
                <lb/>
              locantur, hos tigna uocat Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10857" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10858" xml:space="preserve">axes, quæ tabulæ ſunt ſectæ, pari forma ponuntur, atque in ea re omnis
                <lb/>
              materiatio conuenit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10859" xml:space="preserve">Sed ſi tectum amplius ſpatium continebit, in ſummitate columnis trabs per longum po-
                <lb/>
              nitur, columen hoc latine dicitur, colmellum noſtri uocant, a quo tanquam nati producuntur omnia tecti liga-
                <lb/>
              menta, quemadmodum a ſpina piſcium maiori, reliquæ omnes proficiſcuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s10860" xml:space="preserve">Hinc forte illud, quod de familijs
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.158-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.158-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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