Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[61] FORI DESCRIPTIO.Z. euria.C. Platea ante carceres.D. platea ante ærarium.G. Eaſilica. G D B C
[62] SCIOGRATHI@B
[63] @SILIC AE
[64] ICHNOGRAPHIABASILIC AE
[65] Lateris Laſilicæ orthographia, cuius ſignum A, cum ſigno B præcedentis diagrammatis coniungendum.A
[66] Veſtigium Baſilicæ A. ædisAuguſtæ B. pronaum C.Tribunal D. Baſilicæ pa-ries E, F, G, H. Aedisparies I, K L, M. pa-rastatæ poſt columnas N. I K D 15 @ ped 46 B L M C E H * n n n pedes 60 *@20 * * * pedes cxx * F G
[67] In orthog ra-phia uero columnæ I, paraſta-tæ 20, pedum,2. prima porti-cus contignatio3. ſuperiores paraſtatæ 18. pe-dum 4. trabescantherium ſu-stinentes tectiporticus, quæ eſtinferior teſtudini5. columnæ e-rant Corinthiæ,trabes ex tribustignis bipedali-bus compactæ e-piſtylij loco poſi-tæ 6, pilæ tri-bus pedibus al-tæ, quaternisquoquo uerſuslatæ loco Zophori 7, aliæ tra-bes euerganeæcoronicis loco æ-diſicium præcin-gentes 8, pa-ries porticus circa baſilicam 9,pluteum primæporticus conti-gnationis 10.Lumina, o, tectaconſpiciuntur. 1 0 1 10 0 8 7 6 1 4 2 5 3
[68] HARMONICVM.dieſisdieſisditonus.
[69] CHROMATICVM.bemiton.bemiton.trihemit.
[70] DIATONICVM.hemiton.tonustonus.
[71] EXEMPLVM MONOCHORDI.VniſonumTonusSemitoniumDitonusSemiditonusTuo no
[72] Harmoni cum 92 1 {1/4} 1 {1/23} 1 {1/45} 69 15 8 216 345 360 368
[73] chrona molle 70 1 {I/15} 1 {r/14} 1 {I/27} 42 18 10 210 252 270 280
[74] Chromat non languid. 22 1 {r/6} 1 {I/11} 1 {I/21} II 7 4 66 77 84 88
[75] Diatonic nolle 21 1 {r/7} 1 {I/9} 1 {r/20} 9 8 4 63 72 80 84
[76] Molle inten tum 56 1 {I/8} 1 {I/7} 1 {I/27} 21 27 8 168 189 216 224
[77] Aquale 3 1 {I/9} 1 {I/10} 1 {I/11} 1 1 1 9 10 11 12
[78] Sintonu 24 1 {I/9} 1 {I/8} 1 {I/15} 8 10 6 72 80 90 96
[79] Diatonihem 64 {I/8} 1 {r/8} 24 27 13 192 216 243 286
[80] Hæc iam nota ſunt ex prædictis, & ex ſequenti figuratione.DiateſſaronquartaſeſquitertiaDiapentequintaſeſquialtera.Semitonium cum diapente.Sexta minorTonus cum diapenteSexta maior.Semiditonus cum diapenteSeptima minor.Diapaſonoctauadiſdiapaſon.diapaſon con diapentediapaſondiapentediateſſaron 18 16 12 8 6
[81] Diateſſ. Diapente Diat. Diat. Diat.meseSumma regio diatonimedia regio chrom.Ima regio bannonproslamua nomenos Lycanosmeſonparanete ſymemenõparanete di ezeugmenõparanete hyperboleõparameſe parhypate hypateon parhypate meſon Trite ſynne menonTrite dieze ugmenonTrite hy-perboleonHypate meſon. Meſenete ſynne-menon parameſenete diezeu gmenon nete hyper-boleon.
[Figure 82]
[Figure 83]
[Figure 84]
[Figure 85]
[Figure 86]
[87] @ESTIGIVM THEATRI GRAECORVM.P D E B R
[88] I. Laconicum.H. Tepidarium.K. Frigidarium.L. Labrum.I. Fistulæ vaporarie. L K h I
[89] a. Frigidarium.b. Tepidarium.C. caldarium.e. Laconicum.d. clypeus æneus.f. Tepidarium.g. frigidarium.i. fistulæ uaporariæ d g f e a b c
[90] VESTIGIVM PALAESTRAE.A. Ephœbeum.B. coriceum.C. conis̃terium.D. frigida lauatio.E. elæotheſium.F. frigidarium.G. propignæus.H. concamerata ſudatio.I. Laconicum.K. calda la-uatio.#L. porticus exterior.M. duplex porticus ad ſeptentrionem.N. porticus ubi athletæ exercebantur xyſtos dicta.O. platanones.P. hypethræ ambulationes, ubi æstate exercebantur athletæ.Q. ſtadium, in quo ſpectabantur athletæ.†. oriens.O. Auſter.P. occidens.♐. Septentrio.I. I. I. I. stationes. reliqua ſunt exedræ, & ſcholæ. cum periſtylijs. O N P L D C B A E F G H K M O
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div388" type="section" level="2" n="69">
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11108" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="131" file="514.01.163" n="163" rhead="QVARTVS."/>
              phos fiunt, æque longas eſſe, quàm altas, contraq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11109" xml:space="preserve">in angulares columnas triglyphi in extremis par-
                <lb/>
              tibus conſtituuntur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11110" xml:space="preserve">non contra medios tetrantes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11111" xml:space="preserve">Ita metopæ, quæ proxime ad angulares trigly-
                <lb/>
              phos
                <unsure/>
              fiunt, non exeunt quadratæ,ſed oblongiores triglyphis dimidia latitudine. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11112" xml:space="preserve">Atqui metopas æ qua-
                <lb/>
              les uolunt facere, intercolumnia extrema contrahunt triglyphi dimidia altitudine. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11113" xml:space="preserve">Hoc autem ſiue in
                <lb/>
              metoparum longitudinibus, ſiue intercolumniorum contractionibus efficiatur, eſt mendoſum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11114" xml:space="preserve">Qua-
                <lb/>
              propter antiqui euitare uiſi ſuntin ædibus ſacris Doricæ ſymmetriæ rationem.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11115" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11116" xml:space="preserve">Cum uelit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11117" xml:space="preserve">rationem Doricam explicare, difficultatem quandam antiquorum Architectorum nobis
                <lb/>
              proponit, ut magis attentiores ſimus ad ea, quæ dicendaſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11118" xml:space="preserve">Damnabant nonnulli Doricam ſymmetriam
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-01a" xml:space="preserve">01</note>
              in ſacris ædibus, non ideo quia forma diſpliceret, uel inuenuſta eſſet, ſed quoniam triglypborum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11119" xml:space="preserve">metoparum
                <lb/>
              diſtributio mendoſa erat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11120" xml:space="preserve">Nos ſupra uidimus triglyphos capitibus tignorum reſponders, metopas uero inter-
                <lb/>
              tiguijs, parte quidemexteriori, nam interius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11121" xml:space="preserve">tigna, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11122" xml:space="preserve">interualla tignorum lacunaria dicuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11123" xml:space="preserve">ſi ergo
                <lb/>
              triglypbi tignorum capita, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11124" xml:space="preserve">metopæ interualla imitantur, conſequitur impeditione triglypborum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11125" xml:space="preserve">meto-
                <lb/>
              parum diſtributiones impedire quoque uniuerſam contignationis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11126" xml:space="preserve">eius ornamentorum rationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11127" xml:space="preserve">Sed quo-
                <lb/>
              modo impediatur triglypborum diſtributio, uidetur ex eo, quod neceſſe eſt triglyphum cadere directe ad me-
                <lb/>
              dium quadræ columnæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11128" xml:space="preserve">metopam tam altam eſſe, quàm longam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11129" xml:space="preserve">cum uero antiqui non animaduertiſſent ad
                <lb/>
              id, quodtriglyphi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11130" xml:space="preserve">metopæ imitarentur, imponebant in extremis angularium columnarum partibus, non
                <lb/>
              autem in medijs, triglyphos: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11131" xml:space="preserve">ex qua re illud fiebat, quod metopæ quadratæ non erant, ſed oblongæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11132" xml:space="preserve">dimidia
                <lb/>
              triglyphorum latitudine productiores. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11133" xml:space="preserve">idq́ illis eueniebat, dum ſtuderent intercolumniorum diſtantias ſerua-
                <lb/>
              re. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11134" xml:space="preserve">Verum quiid negligebant, quærentes tamen metopas æqualiter undique prouenire, non in ſo lido reſponden-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              tes triglyphos collocabant, ſed intercolumniorum ſpatia contrabebant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11135" xml:space="preserve">ea ſpatia ita inſeruire ſuis commo-
                <lb/>
              dis uolebant, ut ordinem intercolumniorum rationemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11136" xml:space="preserve">ſeruare minime poſſent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11137" xml:space="preserve">contrahebant ergo extrema
                <lb/>
              intercolumnia dimidia triglyphi altitudine, ut æqua undique metopa proueniret, ſed hoc mendoſum erat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11138" xml:space="preserve">Quare Doricum genus damnabant, non propter tenuitatem, aut inuenuſtam ſpeciem, ſed ob ſymmetriarum
                <lb/>
              impedimenta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11139" xml:space="preserve">Sed bis omnibus prouidet Vitr.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11140" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11141" xml:space="preserve">Nos autem exponimus, uti ordo poſtulat, quemadmodum a præceptoribus accepimus;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11142" xml:space="preserve">uti ſi quis
                <lb/>
              uoluerit his rationibus attendens,ita ingredi, habeat proportiones explicatas, quibus emendatas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11143" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              ſine uitijs efficere poſsit æ dium ſacrarum Dorico more perfectiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11144" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11145" xml:space="preserve">Pollicetur aptas Dorici generis ſymmetrias nobis ſe daturum Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11146" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11147" xml:space="preserve">quemadmodum in Ionico genere
                <lb/>
              præcepta nobis dedit ſecundum ædium formas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11148" xml:space="preserve">intercolumniorum rationes, ita in Dorico iuxta eaſdem ſen-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              tentias interualla distribuit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11149" xml:space="preserve">Verumtamen eſt, quod buiu ſmodi ratio interuallorum omnis ducitur a diſtribu-
                <lb/>
              tione triglypborum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11150" xml:space="preserve">Quare factum est ( ut ſæpe aliàs dictum est, ) ut per rationem triglypborum intelle xerit
                <lb/>
              Doricumgenus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11151" xml:space="preserve">Orditur ergo diſtributionem Diastyli, cuius intercolumnia tres craßitudines imi ſcapi conti-
                <lb/>
              nent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11152" xml:space="preserve">Distribuit autem Diastylum ſecundum duas ſpecies, prostylon, ſcilicet, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11153" xml:space="preserve">ampbiproſtylon. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11154" xml:space="preserve">quas uero
                <lb/>
              tetraſtylinomine intelligit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11155" xml:space="preserve">Diſtribuit quoque peripteron, quam exaſtylum uocat, nobis autem reliquas for-
                <lb/>
              mas diſtribuere permittit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11156" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11157" xml:space="preserve">Frons æ dis Doric æ in loco quo columnæ conſtituuntur, diuidatur, ſi tetraſtylos erit, in partes ui-
                <lb/>
              ginti ſeptem, ſi hexaſtylos 42. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11158" xml:space="preserve">ex his pars una erit modulus, qui Græce embatis dicitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11159" xml:space="preserve">cuius mo-
                <lb/>
              duli conſtitutione rationibus efficiuntur omnis operis diſtributiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11160" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11161" xml:space="preserve">Hoc loco aduertendũ eſt maxime, quod & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11162" xml:space="preserve">in alijs rebus nouiſſe proderit, quod quanquã diaſtyli ſpeciem hoc
                <lb/>
              loco diſtribuat, in qua trium diametrorum inter columnia collocantur, tamen distributio bæc non omnino in
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              Doricis reſpondet, nam intercolumnia ſunt duarum craſſitudinum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11163" xml:space="preserve">trium e quatuor partium craßitudinis,
                <lb/>
              nec propterea boc uitium putandum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11164" xml:space="preserve">nam cum in tertio Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11165" xml:space="preserve">de intercolumniorum ratione diſſerit, in
                <lb/>
              omnibus formis pycnoſtyli, ſyſtyli, diaſtyli, utitur bis uerbis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11166" xml:space="preserve">{ Interponi poteſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11167" xml:space="preserve">poterit collocari. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11168" xml:space="preserve">interpo-
                <lb/>
              nere poſſumus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11169" xml:space="preserve">} Cum uero de euſtyli ſymmetria loquitur, non amplius ijs utitur loquendi modis, ſed certa
                <lb/>
              præceptione dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11170" xml:space="preserve">{ Reddenda nunc eſt euſtyli ratio, quæ maxime probabilis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11171" xml:space="preserve">ad uſum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11172" xml:space="preserve">ad ſpeciem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11173" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              ad firmitatem, rationes habet explicatas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11174" xml:space="preserve">namque facienda ſunt in interuallis ſpatia duarum columnarum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11175" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              quartæ partis columnæ craſsitudinis.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11176" xml:space="preserve">} Hæc dixi, ut animaduertamus, non eſſe neceſſe omnino duarum, aut
                <lb/>
              trium columnarum interualla fieri, ſed ſatis eſſe terminos oſtendiſſe, ultra quos forma illa non conſiſtit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11177" xml:space="preserve">Cæte-
                <lb/>
              rum non eſt prætereundum; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11178" xml:space="preserve">quod in angulis dimidiæ metopæ ponuntur, ſed non omnino dimidiæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11179" xml:space="preserve">nam Vitru.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11180" xml:space="preserve">eas ſemimodulo metiri dixit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11181" xml:space="preserve">dimidius autem modulus eſt tertia pars metopæ, ideo dicuntur ſemitopia, quem-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              admodum dicimus ſemiuocales, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11182" xml:space="preserve">ſemitonos. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11183" xml:space="preserve">nam ſemiuocalis non eſt dimidia uocalis, nec ſemitonus dimidium
                <lb/>
              toni præciſi; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11184" xml:space="preserve">ſed ita dicitur, quia inter extrema collocatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11185" xml:space="preserve">infra uero ſemitriglyphos in angulis poni dixit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11186" xml:space="preserve">Sunt
                <lb/>
              autem præciſe ſemitriglyphi, quare & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11187" xml:space="preserve">hoc ad illud fecit, ut ſemimetopia eo modo intelligamus,quo distum est.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11188" xml:space="preserve">Ex qua re oritur illud frontem tetraſtyli in partes 27. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11189" xml:space="preserve">pariendam eſſe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11190" xml:space="preserve">Frontem uero bexaſtyli in quadra-
                <lb/>
              ginta duas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11191" xml:space="preserve">eadem regula octaſtylum,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11192" xml:space="preserve">decastylum diſtribuere poſſemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11193" xml:space="preserve">nos nudos triglyphos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11194" xml:space="preserve">inter-
                <lb/>
              columnia in deſcriptione hoc loco collocauimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11195" xml:space="preserve">A. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11196" xml:space="preserve">Diastylos quatuor columnarum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11197" xml:space="preserve">B. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11198" xml:space="preserve">diastylos ſex co-
                <lb/>
              lumnarum, id eſt modulus qui Grace embatis quaſi ingreſſor dicitnr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11199" xml:space="preserve">ingreditur enim in menſurandis partibus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11200" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11201" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Crassitvdo</emph>
              columnarum erit duorum modulorum altitudo cum capitulo I4. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11202" xml:space="preserve">Capituli craſ-
                <lb/>
              fitudo unius moduli, latitudo duorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11203" xml:space="preserve">moduli ſextæ partis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11204" xml:space="preserve">Craſsitudo capituli diuidaturin partes
                <lb/>
              tres, e quibus una plinthus cum cymatio fiat, altera echinus cum annulis, tertia hypotrachelion.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11205" xml:space="preserve">
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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