Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[61] FORI DESCRIPTIO.Z. euria.C. Platea ante carceres.D. platea ante ærarium.G. Eaſilica. G D B C
[62] SCIOGRATHI@B
[63] @SILIC AE
[64] ICHNOGRAPHIABASILIC AE
[65] Lateris Laſilicæ orthographia, cuius ſignum A, cum ſigno B præcedentis diagrammatis coniungendum.A
[66] Veſtigium Baſilicæ A. ædisAuguſtæ B. pronaum C.Tribunal D. Baſilicæ pa-ries E, F, G, H. Aedisparies I, K L, M. pa-rastatæ poſt columnas N. I K D 15 @ ped 46 B L M C E H * n n n pedes 60 *@20 * * * pedes cxx * F G
[67] In orthog ra-phia uero columnæ I, paraſta-tæ 20, pedum,2. prima porti-cus contignatio3. ſuperiores paraſtatæ 18. pe-dum 4. trabescantherium ſu-stinentes tectiporticus, quæ eſtinferior teſtudini5. columnæ e-rant Corinthiæ,trabes ex tribustignis bipedali-bus compactæ e-piſtylij loco poſi-tæ 6, pilæ tri-bus pedibus al-tæ, quaternisquoquo uerſuslatæ loco Zophori 7, aliæ tra-bes euerganeæcoronicis loco æ-diſicium præcin-gentes 8, pa-ries porticus circa baſilicam 9,pluteum primæporticus conti-gnationis 10.Lumina, o, tectaconſpiciuntur. 1 0 1 10 0 8 7 6 1 4 2 5 3
[68] HARMONICVM.dieſisdieſisditonus.
[69] CHROMATICVM.bemiton.bemiton.trihemit.
[70] DIATONICVM.hemiton.tonustonus.
[71] EXEMPLVM MONOCHORDI.VniſonumTonusSemitoniumDitonusSemiditonusTuo no
[72] Harmoni cum 92 1 {1/4} 1 {1/23} 1 {1/45} 69 15 8 216 345 360 368
[73] chrona molle 70 1 {I/15} 1 {r/14} 1 {I/27} 42 18 10 210 252 270 280
[74] Chromat non languid. 22 1 {r/6} 1 {I/11} 1 {I/21} II 7 4 66 77 84 88
[75] Diatonic nolle 21 1 {r/7} 1 {I/9} 1 {r/20} 9 8 4 63 72 80 84
[76] Molle inten tum 56 1 {I/8} 1 {I/7} 1 {I/27} 21 27 8 168 189 216 224
[77] Aquale 3 1 {I/9} 1 {I/10} 1 {I/11} 1 1 1 9 10 11 12
[78] Sintonu 24 1 {I/9} 1 {I/8} 1 {I/15} 8 10 6 72 80 90 96
[79] Diatonihem 64 {I/8} 1 {r/8} 24 27 13 192 216 243 286
[80] Hæc iam nota ſunt ex prædictis, & ex ſequenti figuratione.DiateſſaronquartaſeſquitertiaDiapentequintaſeſquialtera.Semitonium cum diapente.Sexta minorTonus cum diapenteSexta maior.Semiditonus cum diapenteSeptima minor.Diapaſonoctauadiſdiapaſon.diapaſon con diapentediapaſondiapentediateſſaron 18 16 12 8 6
[81] Diateſſ. Diapente Diat. Diat. Diat.meseSumma regio diatonimedia regio chrom.Ima regio bannonproslamua nomenos Lycanosmeſonparanete ſymemenõparanete di ezeugmenõparanete hyperboleõparameſe parhypate hypateon parhypate meſon Trite ſynne menonTrite dieze ugmenonTrite hy-perboleonHypate meſon. Meſenete ſynne-menon parameſenete diezeu gmenon nete hyper-boleon.
[Figure 82]
[Figure 83]
[Figure 84]
[Figure 85]
[Figure 86]
[87] @ESTIGIVM THEATRI GRAECORVM.P D E B R
[88] I. Laconicum.H. Tepidarium.K. Frigidarium.L. Labrum.I. Fistulæ vaporarie. L K h I
[89] a. Frigidarium.b. Tepidarium.C. caldarium.e. Laconicum.d. clypeus æneus.f. Tepidarium.g. frigidarium.i. fistulæ uaporariæ d g f e a b c
[90] VESTIGIVM PALAESTRAE.A. Ephœbeum.B. coriceum.C. conis̃terium.D. frigida lauatio.E. elæotheſium.F. frigidarium.G. propignæus.H. concamerata ſudatio.I. Laconicum.K. calda la-uatio.#L. porticus exterior.M. duplex porticus ad ſeptentrionem.N. porticus ubi athletæ exercebantur xyſtos dicta.O. platanones.P. hypethræ ambulationes, ubi æstate exercebantur athletæ.Q. ſtadium, in quo ſpectabantur athletæ.†. oriens.O. Auſter.P. occidens.♐. Septentrio.I. I. I. I. stationes. reliqua ſunt exedræ, & ſcholæ. cum periſtylijs. O N P L D C B A E F G H K M O
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div192" type="section" level="2" n="50">
            <pb o="53" file="514.01.085" n="85" rhead="SECVNDVS"/>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4819" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">De</emph>
              lateribus nobis primum agendum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4820" xml:space="preserve">Ducendi ſunt ex terra albicanti, cretoſa, ſiue de rubrica, aut
                <lb/>
              etiam maſculo ſabulone. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4821" xml:space="preserve">abſtimeas ab omni genere ſabuloſo, arenoſo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4822" xml:space="preserve">calculoſo, quia huiuſmodi non cohæ-
                <lb/>
              reſcunt, ſit uero domabilis Argillæ modo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4823" xml:space="preserve">Hic mirum quod Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4824" xml:space="preserve">Maſculum ſabulonem aſciſcat in laterum du-
                <lb/>
              ctu, cum paulò ante genus omne arenæ, calculi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4825" xml:space="preserve">ſabulonis abegerit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4826" xml:space="preserve">quare quærendum eſt quid ſit ſabulo ma
                <lb/>
              ſculus, cum etiam ſolutum ſabulonem in octauo uſurpauerit cap. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4827" xml:space="preserve">primo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4828" xml:space="preserve">Videtur ergo Philandro genus ma-
                <lb/>
              teriæ ſolidioris, quàm ſit terra. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4829" xml:space="preserve">Sed cum ſupra dicat ſabulone maſculo, ideſt ſcabro, aſpero, minus flauo, ſubfu-
                <lb/>
              ſco; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4830" xml:space="preserve">non uideo qua ratione ob aſperitaterm lateres ex eo commode fiant, namque aſperitas pinguedini contraria
                <lb/>
              eſt, materiem autem ex qua ducendi ſunt lateres, pinguis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4831" xml:space="preserve">tenacis naturæ eſſe debere idem affirmat, ſic enim
                <lb/>
              leuitatis uerbo ſignificari dixit, quod & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4832" xml:space="preserve">uerum eſſe duco , & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4833" xml:space="preserve">illud quoque ſabulonem maſculum eſſe ſolidum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.085-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.085-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              quoddam terræ genus arbitror, ſed non aſperum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4834" xml:space="preserve">unde Plinius libro trigeſimoquinto cap. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4835" xml:space="preserve">quartodecimo ſentit
                <lb/>
              cum Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4836" xml:space="preserve">non eſſe lateres ex ſabulo fingendos, ſed inquit, uel ſi iam ex ſabulo , ex maſculo certe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4837" xml:space="preserve">nam forte
                <lb/>
              melior eſt, aut minus malus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4838" xml:space="preserve">Vidi ego ſolidum ſabulonem ex Plaui fluuio non aſperum , ſed pinguem rotunda
                <lb/>
              forma, a qua fortè, ut maſcula thura dicuntur, ſic maſculus appellari potuit, teſtes enim rotunditate refert.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4839" xml:space="preserve">eſſe autem arenam magnitudine inſignem memorat Plin. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4840" xml:space="preserve">lib. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4841" xml:space="preserve">36. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4842" xml:space="preserve">cap. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4843" xml:space="preserve">12. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4844" xml:space="preserve">Arena late pura circundantis ſimi-
                <lb/>
              litudine, qualis in maiori parte Affricæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4845" xml:space="preserve">Quoniam uero ars imitatur naturam: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4846" xml:space="preserve">dicam ego nonnulla de lapi-
                <lb/>
              dum ortu, ut in laterum ductione, quid natura præſtet obſeruare poßimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4847" xml:space="preserve">ſiue de rubrica. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4848" xml:space="preserve">Quam colore de-
                <lb/>
              prehendi Plinius dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4849" xml:space="preserve">Albertus ſe amnimaduertiſſe ex ueterum ædificijs in lateribus mixtam eſſe partem non-
                <lb/>
              nullam arenæ præſertim rubræ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4850" xml:space="preserve">rubricam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4851" xml:space="preserve">marmor immiſceri aſſueuiſſe: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4852" xml:space="preserve">Expertumq́ue ſe eſſe, eadem una
                <lb/>
              ex terra lateres reddimulto firmiores, ſiueluti panes confecturi, maſſam prius quaſi fermentauerimus, de-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.085-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.085-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              mum it erum, atque iterum ſubactam reddiderimus, ut ſit admodum cærea, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4853" xml:space="preserve">omnibus etiam minutis calculis
                <lb/>
              perpurgata, dureſcere quidem coctam, ut multo igne in ſiliciam duritiem uertatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4854" xml:space="preserve">Huiuſmodi etiam ter-
                <lb/>
              ram omnem ad plaſticem eſſe debere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4855" xml:space="preserve">inter egregias probari Samiam, Aretinam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4856" xml:space="preserve">Mutinenſem, Sagunti-
                <lb/>
              nam in Hiſpania, Pergamenam in Aſia, Ex Plinio dixit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4857" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4858" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Dvcendi</emph>
              autem ſunt per uernum tempus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4859" xml:space="preserve">autumnale, ut uno tenore ſicceſcant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4860" xml:space="preserve">qui enim
                <lb/>
              per ſolſtitium parantur, ideo uitioſi ſunt, quod ſummũ coriũ Solacriter cũ percoquit, efficit, ut ui-
                <lb/>
              deantur aridi, interius autem ſint non ſicci, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4861" xml:space="preserve">cum poſtea ſicceſcendo ſe contrahunt, perrumpunt ea
                <lb/>
              quæ erant arida, ita rimoſi facti efficiuntur imbecilli. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4862" xml:space="preserve">Maxime autem utiliores erunt ſi ante biennium
                <lb/>
              fuerint ducti, namque non ante poſſunt penitus ſicceſcere, itaque cum recentes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4863" xml:space="preserve">non aridi ſunt ſtru-
                <lb/>
              cti tectorio inducto, rigideq́ue obſolidato permanente, ipſi ſidentes non poſſunt eandem altitudinem ,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.085-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.085-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              qua eſt tectorium, tenere, contractioneq́ue moti non hærent cum eo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4864" xml:space="preserve">Sed a coniumctione cum eo di-
                <lb/>
              ſparantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4865" xml:space="preserve">Igitur tectoria a ſtructura ſeiuncta propter tenuitatem per ſe ſtare non poſſunt, ſed fran-
                <lb/>
              guntur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4866" xml:space="preserve">ipſiq́ue parietes fortuito ſidentes uitiantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4867" xml:space="preserve">Ideoq́ue etiam Vticenſes, latere ſi ſit aridus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4868" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              ante quinquennium ductus, cum arbitrio magiſtratus fuerit ita probatus, tunc utuntur in parietum
                <lb/>
              ſtructuris.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4869" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4870" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">De</emph>
              tempore, quo ducendi ſunt lateres nunc agit, quam rationem exacte cognoſcamus, de laterum qua-
                <lb/>
              lit ate aliquid dicemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4871" xml:space="preserve">Laterum alij cocti, ex quibus qui ſtruuntur parietes, testacei nominantur, alij crudi,
                <lb/>
              unde lateritij paritetes ex his dicuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4872" xml:space="preserve">Vtrumque genus cruſtam facit, tanquàm panis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4873" xml:space="preserve">iuuabit ergo tenues
                <lb/>
              facere, quo plus crustæ fiat, medullæ minus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4874" xml:space="preserve">Albertus inquit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4875" xml:space="preserve">in his experiri licet, ſi terſi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4876" xml:space="preserve">perpoliti
                <lb/>
              aſtruantur, dura bunt illæſi contra tempeſtates, quod cui uis lapidum æque accidit, ut terſi ſcabritie non exe-
                <lb/>
              dantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4877" xml:space="preserve">Testas autem id eſt lateres, qui igne fiunt, tergendas putant, ut nuper exemptas e fornace, antequam
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.085-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.085-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              commaduerint, aut ſi madent, antequàm ſiccaſcant, nam ſemelmadida, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4878" xml:space="preserve">rurſus exſiccata dureſcit teſta, adeo
                <lb/>
              ut ferri aciem delimet, atque conſumat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4879" xml:space="preserve">Sed nos commodius proxime ductam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4880" xml:space="preserve">adhuc urentem radimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4881" xml:space="preserve">Il-
                <lb/>
              linuntur etiam uitro testæ ſed nos ad rem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4882" xml:space="preserve">Lateres non ſtatim duc endi exempta terra, ſed fodi eam autumno,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4883" xml:space="preserve">tota hyeme commacerari, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4884" xml:space="preserve">uerno tempore iubent duci. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4885" xml:space="preserve">Ratio a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4886" xml:space="preserve">ſumitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4887" xml:space="preserve">gelu enim rimoſi fiunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4888" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              æſtu finduntur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4889" xml:space="preserve">contorquentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4890" xml:space="preserve">niſi forte æstate uelis humectis paleis, uel hyeme inducta ſicciſſima arena
                <lb/>
              lateres neceſſitate quadam adductus effingere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4891" xml:space="preserve">Iam patet quam negligentes noſtri temporis homines ſint, uel
                <lb/>
              uno Vticenſium exemplo, de quibus Vitr.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4892" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4893" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Fivnt</emph>
              autem laterum genera tria, unum quod Græce didoron appellatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4894" xml:space="preserve">i. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4895" xml:space="preserve">quo noſtri utuntur,
                <lb/>
              longum pede, latum ſemipede. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4896" xml:space="preserve">Cæteris duobus Græcorum ædificia ſtruuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4897" xml:space="preserve">Ex his unum penta-
                <lb/>
              doron, alterum tetra doron dicitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4898" xml:space="preserve">Doron autem Græci appellant palmum, quod munerum datio
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.085-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.085-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              Græce doron appellatur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4899" xml:space="preserve">Id autem ſemper geritur per manus palmum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4900" xml:space="preserve">Ita quod eſt quoquo uerſus
                <lb/>
              quinque palmorum, pentadoron, quod quatuor, tetradoron dicitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4901" xml:space="preserve">Et quæ ſunt publica opera, pen-
                <lb/>
              tadoro, quæ priuata, tetradoro ſtruuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4902" xml:space="preserve">Fiunt autem cum his lateribus ſemilateres, qui cum ſtruun-
                <lb/>
              tur, una parte lateribus ordines, altera, ſemilateres ponuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4903" xml:space="preserve">Ergo ex utra que parte ad lineam cum
                <lb/>
              ſtruuntur, alternis corijs parietes alligantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4904" xml:space="preserve">medij lateres ſupra coagmenta collocati, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4905" xml:space="preserve">firmitatem
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4906" xml:space="preserve">ſpeciem faciunt utraque parte non inuenuſtam . </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4907" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4908" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Hvnc</emph>
              locum totum ferè Plinius a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4909" xml:space="preserve">mutauit libro præallegato. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4910" xml:space="preserve">Agitur hic de figura, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4911" xml:space="preserve">forma
                <lb/>
              laterum, unde genera diuerſa ducta ſunt, Ex quibus tum maiora, tum minora ædificia conſtruuntur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4912" xml:space="preserve">alijs i-
                <lb/>
              tem generibus in publicis ædificijs, in priuatis uſos fuiſſe ueteres inuenimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4913" xml:space="preserve"># Præterea uero, ea quæ Vi-
                <lb/>
              tr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4914" xml:space="preserve">narrat eſſe laterum genera, ſunt & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4915" xml:space="preserve">alia, quæ in ædificijs uiſuntur, de quibus Albertus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4916" xml:space="preserve">Lateres (inquit)
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.085-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.085-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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